Evaluation of nasal septum deviation via reformatted computed tomography (CT) imaging following expansion using RPE and MARPE.

Objective: To evaluate whether rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) affects nasal septum deviation (NSD).

Materials And Methods: The study population includes 22 RPE patients ages 9.62 ± 1.

Bedside mental health risk screening of traumatic injury patients is enhanced by measurement of injury mechanism and social support.

Background: The American College of Surgeons now requires mental health screening and follow up for hospitalized patients in trauma centers. National estimates indicate that 20-40 % of these patients will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression within one year post-injury. Research has identified brief bedside screens that predict PTSD and depression post-discharge, such as the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen and Peritraumatic Distress Inventory.

Radiation Segmentectomy and Modified Radiation Lobectomy for Unresectable Early-Stage Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Purpose: To validate the safety and efficacy of radiation segmentectomy (RS) and modified radiation lobectomy (mRL) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and to evaluate long-term outcomes in patients with unresectable, early-stage iCCA.

Materials And Methods: A single-institution, retrospective study of patients with unresectable, solitary iCCA without extrahepatic disease or vascular involvement (stage I) treated with RS and mRL was performed. Fifteen patients met inclusion criteria (median age 65.

The Acquisition of Cardiovascular Adaptation to Aerobic Exercise: When Does It Begin and How Does It Evolve Depending on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors?

The acquisition and evolution of cardiovascular (CV) adaptation to physical activity or exercise training are critical in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reducing CV disease (CVD) risk. CV adaptations to exercise occur through structural, functional, and molecular changes that enhance cardiac efficiency. These adaptations, such as increased stroke volume, improved blood pressure regulation, and enhanced endothelial function, collectively reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.

Unanswered Questions from Abortion Seekers: An application of the Research Prioritization by the Affected Community (RPAC) protocol in the Central Valley, California.

Objectives: Despite protections offered in California, there is limited understanding of abortion access in underserved regions, including the Central Valley. Furthermore, there has been limited community involvement, especially from those directly affected, in the development of research priorities in abortion care. We utilized the Research Prioritization of Affected Communities (RPAC) protocol to identify research priority topics and research questions for future abortion-related research.

Inflammation switches the chemoattractant requirements for naive lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes.

Sustained lymphocyte migration from blood into lymph nodes (LNs) is important for immune responses. The CC-chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) ligand CCL21 is required for LN entry but is downregulated during inflammation, and it has been unclear how recruitment is maintained. Here, we show that the oxysterol biosynthetic enzyme cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) is upregulated in LN high endothelial venules during viral infection.

Experimental horizontal transfer of phage-derived genes to Drosophila confers innate immunity to parasitoids.

Metazoan parasites have played a major role in shaping innate immunity in animals. Insect hosts and parasitoid wasps are excellent models for illuminating how animal innate immune systems have evolved to neutralize these enemies. One such strategy relies on symbioses between insects and intracellular bacteria that express phage-encoded toxins.

Physician, know thyself: Applying brand management principles to professional identity in academic medicine.

Context: A career in medicine is a journey of countless opportunities, challenges and choices. Determining the "right" decision for any given career choice ultimately must come from within; thus, a clear understanding of a physician's core professional identity is critical. Existing conceptualizations of professional identity within medicine focus primarily on medical training; however, it is clear that professional identity evolves throughout one's career.

Multi-omics approaches reveal that diffuse midline gliomas present altered DNA replication and are susceptible to replication stress therapy.

Background: The fatal diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are characterized by an undruggable H3K27M mutation in H3.1 or H3.3.

Cancers not detected in one-view breast tomosynthesis screening-characteristics and reasons for non-detection.

Objectives: Limited understanding exists regarding non-detected cancers in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening. This study aims to classify non-detected cancers into true or false negatives, compare them with true positives, and analyze reasons for non-detection.

Materials And Methods: Conducted between 2010 and 2015, the prospective single-center Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) compared one-view DBT and two-view digital mammography (DM).

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Novel Fetal Vesicoamniotic Shunt-The Vortex Shunt.

Objective: We estimated the potential outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of the Vortex shunt, a novel fetal vesicoamniotic shunt (VAS), compared to standard shunts for treating fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO).

Method: We designed a decision-analytic model comparing the Vortex shunt to current shunts using a theoretical cohort of 1000 pregnancies equivalent to the annual U.S.

The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: To determine the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcome in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: For treatment-resistant depression, 233 participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of COMP360 psilocybin (a proprietary, pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation, developed by the sponsor, Compass Pathfinder Ltd.) with psychological support.

A Model for Decoding Resistance in Precision Oncology: Acquired Resistance to FGFR inhibitors in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes for patients with FGFR-altered cholangiocarcinoma, leading to their regulatory approval in multiple countries. However, as with many targeted therapies, acquired resistance limits their efficacy. A comprehensive, multimodal approach is crucial to characterizing resistance patterns to FGFR inhibitors.

A recurrent neural circuit in Drosophila temporally sharpens visual inputs.

A critical goal of vision is to detect changes in light intensity, even when these changes are blurred by the spatial resolution of the eye and the motion of the animal. Here, we describe a recurrent neural circuit in Drosophila that compensates for blur and thereby selectively enhances the perceived contrast of moving edges. Using in vivo, two-photon voltage imaging, we measured the temporal response properties of L1 and L2, two cell types that receive direct synaptic input from photoreceptors.

Sleep spindle variation in patients with Parkinson's disease on first nights of sub-optimal deep brain stimulation.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease but its influence on non-motor symptoms is less clear. Sleep spindles are known to be reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease, but the effect of STN DBS is unknown. The objective of our study was to address this knowledge gap.

Understanding responses to multi-electrode epiretinal stimulation using a biophysical model.

Objective: Neural interfaces are designed to evoke specific patterns of electrical activity in populations of neurons by stimulating with many electrodes. However, currents passed simultaneously through multiple electrodes often combine nonlinearly to drive neural responses, making evoked responses difficult to predict and control. This response nonlinearity could arise from the interaction of many excitable sites in each cell, any of which can produce a spike.

Resting Heart Rate and Associations With Clinical Measures From the Project Baseline Health Study: Observational Study.

Background: Though widely used, resting heart rate (RHR), as measured by a wearable device, has not been previously evaluated in a large cohort against a variety of important baseline characteristics.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity of the RHR measured by a wearable device compared against the gold standard of ECG (electrocardiography), and assess the relationships between device-measured RHR and a broad range of clinical characteristics.

Methods: The Project Baseline Health Study (PHBS) captured detailed demographic, occupational, social, lifestyle, and clinical data to generate a deeply phenotyped cohort.

Determining the association of hyperoxia while on extracorporeal life support with mortality in neonates following Norwood operation.

Background: Patients requiring extracorporeal life support (ECLS) support post-Norwood operation constitute an extremely high-risk group.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively aimed to evaluate the relationship of hyperoxia with mortality and other clinical outcomes in patients who required ECLS following Norwood operation between January/2010 and December/2020 in a large volume center.

Results: During the study period 65 patients required ECLS post-Norwood.

Protocol for efficient generation of human artery and vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Blood vessels permeate all organs and execute myriad roles in health and disease. Here, we present a protocol to efficiently generate human artery and vein endothelial cells (ECs) from pluripotent stem cells within 3-4 days of differentiation. We delineate how to seed human pluripotent stem cells and sequentially differentiate them into primitive streak, lateral mesoderm, and either artery or vein ECs.

Understanding the Effectiveness of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions: A Counterfactual Simulation Approach to Generalizing the Outcomes of Intervention Trials.

Background: While water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions can reduce diarrheal disease, many large-scale trials have not found the expected health gains for young children in low-resource settings. Evidence-based guidance is needed to improve interventions and remove barriers to diarrheal disease reduction.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate how sensitive WASH intervention effectiveness was to underlying contextual and intervention factors in the WASH Benefits (WASH-B) Bangladesh cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Bidentate Lewis Base Ligand-Mediated Surface Stabilization and Modulation of the Electronic Structure of CsPbBr Perovskite Nanocrystals.

The desorption of conventional ligands from the surface of halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) often causes their structural instability and deterioration of the optoelectronic properties. To address this challenge, we present an approach of using a bidentate Lewis base ligand, namely, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DBPP), for the synthesis of CsPbBr NCs. The phosphine group of DBPP has a strong interaction with the PbBr precursor, forming a highly crystalline intermediate complex during the reaction.