Wireless microwave-to-optical conversion via programmable metasurface without DC supply.

Microwave-optical interaction and its effective utilization are vital technologies at the frontier of classical and quantum sciences for communication, sensing, and imaging. Typically, state-of-the-art microwave-to-optical converters are realized by fiber and circuit approaches with multiple processing steps, and external powers are necessary, which leads to many limitations. Here, we propose a programmable metasurface that can achieve direct and high-speed free-space microwave-to-laser conversion.

Divergent roles of mA in orchestrating brown and white adipocyte transcriptomes and systemic metabolism.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is among the most abundant mRNA modifications, yet its cell-type-specific regulatory roles remain unclear. Here we show that mA methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) differentially regulates transcriptome in brown versus white adipose tissue (BAT and WAT), leading to divergent metabolic outcomes. In humans and mice with insulin resistance, METTL14 expression differs significantly from BAT and WAT in the context of its correlation with insulin sensitivity.

Factors Associated With Mental Health Literacy, Depression, and Anxiety Amongst Indonesian Adolescents.

Aims: This study aims to identify factors associated with mental health literacy (mental health knowledge and attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking behaviours), depression and anxiety amongst adolescents, and test the hypothesised model by examining the interrelationships between these outcomes.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive quantitative research.

Methods: Using convenient sampling, 615 adolescents from four public schools completed online questionnaires measuring mental health literacy, depression, and anxiety.

Formation of I+III supercomplex rescues respiratory chain defects.

Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes partition between free complexes and quaternary assemblies known as supercomplexes (SCs). However, the physiological requirement for SCs and the mechanisms regulating their formation remain controversial. Here, we show that genetic perturbations in mammalian ETC complex III (CIII) biogenesis stimulate the formation of a specialized extra-large SC (SC-XL) with a structure of I+III, resolved at 3.

Impact of local government environmental attention on corporate total factor productivity: Evidence from 288 Chinese cities.

To improve the effectiveness of government environmental attention on resource allocation, this study proposes a measurement framework using text analysis and an unsupervised Word2vec model to quantify local government environmental attention of 288 Chinese cities. We further examine its impact on total factor productivity (TFP) of China's listed firms from 2010 to 2021 using the high-dimensional fixed-effects and panel quantile regression models. The findings show that: (1) Local government environmental attention contributes positively to TFP, with each unit increase raising TFP by approximately 1.

Preliminaries to artificial consciousness: A multidimensional heuristic approach.

The pursuit of artificial consciousness requires conceptual clarity to navigate its theoretical and empirical challenges. This paper introduces a composite, multilevel, and multidimensional model of consciousness as a heuristic framework to guide research in this field. Consciousness is treated as a complex phenomenon, with distinct constituents and dimensions that can be operationalized for study and for evaluating their replication.

Right Ventricular Injury Definition and Management in Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Right ventricular injury (RVI) in respiratory failure receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is associated with significant mortality. A scoping review is necessary to map the current literature and guide future research regarding the definition and management of RVI in patients receiving VV ECMO. We searched for relevant publications on RVI in patients receiving VV ECMO in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science.

NR2E3-Associated Retinopathy Presenting with Bilateral Choroidal Neovascularization.

Purpose: We describe an atypical presentation of an 11-year-old female with enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS).

Methods: Case report. The patient underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination and investigations such as colour fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein and indocyanine angiography, an electroretinogram and genetic testing.

Outcomes of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Ossicular Chain Reconstruction-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: The efficacy of the transcanal endoscopic approach in tympanoplasty, cholesteatoma removal, and stapedotomy is detailed. This study reviews evidence on the feasibility of endoscopic ossiculoplasty as a suitable alternative to traditional microscopic ossiculoplasty.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 19 June 2024 for articles comparing endoscopic and microscopic ossicular chain reconstruction.

Biomarkers.

Background: Plasma and cerebrospinal (CSF) biomarkers are promising candidates for detecting neuropathology. While CSF biomarkers directly reflect pathophysiological processes within the central nervous system, their requirement for a lumbar puncture is a barrier to their widespread scalability in practice. Therefore, we examined cross-sectional associations of plasma biomarkers of amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40 and pTau-181), neurodegeneration (Neurofilament Light, NfL), and neuroinflammation (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, GFAP) with brain volume, cognition, and their corresponding CSF levels.

Biomarkers.

Background: The choroid plexus plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in immune surveillance. Neuroinflammation is known to occur in the early stages of AD, where amyloid accumulation leads to cognitive decline in later stages. However, the relationship between choroid plexus volume (ChPV) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers, amyloid burden and cognitive decline in vivo remains underexplored.

Biomarkers.

Background: Past studies examining sleep-cognition relationships mostly employed univariate approaches, which are subject to problems such as multicollinearity and multiple comparisons. Further, results from small sample univariate analyses are difficult to compare, precluding the identification of the aspects of sleep health associated with a particular cognitive domain(s). The current study used a multivariate approach to identify key sleep metrics and cognitive domains that contribute to the maximum sleep-cognition covariance in healthy older adults.

Understanding the Kinetics of CO Hydrate Formation in Dry Water for Carbon Capture and Storage: X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Raman Studies.

Hydrate-based carbon capture and storage (HBCS) is a sustainable and promising approach to combating global warming by utilizing water, which is a ubiquitous resource. Here, we report a comprehensive study of CO hydrate formation in dry water (DW), a water-in-air dispersion confined in silica particles, for improving the kinetics of hydrate growth. Utilizing a combination of a home-built high-pressure reactor, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), we elucidate the crystal structure, growth dynamics, and morphology of CO hydrates formed in DW, with and without the kinetic hydrate promoter, l-tryptophan.

Biomarkers.

Background: The relationships of left atrial (LA) dysfunction with cognition are poorly understood. We investigated the associations of LA function with cognitive impairment, etiologic-subtype (neurodegenerative vs. vascular[VCI]), neuroimaging markers of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and circulating biomarkers, in subjects without AF.

Biomarkers.

Background: Improvement of cognitive functions is often accompanied by changes in brain function after cognitive training in older adults. In this large-scale dual-site fMRI study we investigated the effects of BrainHQ cognitive training (CT; ®Posit Science Inc.) and an active control (AC) group on brain activations during a demanding executive control (EC) task among cognitively normal older adults.

Public Health.

Background: Presence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has been linked to depressive symptoms in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the distinctive mapping between CMM and differential neuropsychiatric subsyndromes among multi-regional and ethnical older adults.

Method: The present study included discovery and validation datasets.

Public Health.

Background: To estimate the additive associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and depression on long-term cognitive trajectory in multi-regional cohorts and validate the generalizability of the findings in varying clinical settings.

Method: Data harmonization was performed across 14 longitudinal cohort studies within the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) group, spanning North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Three external validation studies with distinct settings were employed to assess generalizability.

Biomarkers.

Background: Identifying language variation in healthy aging speakers is important for understanding normal cognitive aging. Setting a baseline of normal aging languages in the first place is necessary for the evaluation of language performances of old adults. Lexical concreteness, a well-studied psycholinguistic parameter, has been used to detect semantic memory-related deficits.

Biomarkers.

Background: The association between platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and cognition in non-demented subjects remains un-investigated.

Method: A longitudinal, prospective cohort of subjects recruited from memory clinics was followed-up for 5 years. Non-demented subjects were included and classified as no cognitive impairment (NCI) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Developing Topics.

Background: The prognostic performance of plasma proteomics for longitudinal changes in (i)cognition (ii)neuropsychiatric symptomatology and (iii)neuroimaging outcomes within South East Asia, where prevalence of cerebrovascular disease is high, remains un-investigated.

Methods: A prospective cohort of Singaporean memory clinic attendees was followed-up for 4 years. Annual neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric assessments were performed alongside 2-yearly brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Developing Topics.

Background: The clinical relevance of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) remains unclear in the memory-clinic setting. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of BPV for cognitive outcomes, vascular events, and all-cause mortality in a memory-clinic population.

Method: The study included 590 participants from an ongoing longitudinal memory clinic study who had ≥ 3 annual visits and a baseline MRI scan.

Developing Topics.

Background: Mild behavioural impairment (MBI) is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and conversion to dementia. However, the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathological mechanisms and MBI remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether baseline plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated tau-181 (P-Tau181) and the P-Tau181-to-Amyloid beta 42 (P-Tau181/Aβ42) ratio are associated with incident MBI in an Asian cohort of dementia-free individuals.

Developing Topics.

Background: Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the equilibrium between brain oxygen delivery and consumption, potentially serving as an early Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker. Previous investigations were mainly conducted in cognitive impairment and AD population. However, the potential neuropathway connecting cardiometabolic condition, OEF, and dementia-related brain structural changes, especially in early cognitive decline, is unclear.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Past studies examining sleep-cognition relationships mostly employed univariate approaches, which are subject to problems such as multicollinearity and multiple comparisons. Further, results from small sample univariate analyses are difficult to compare, precluding the identification of the aspects of sleep health associated with a particular cognitive domain(s). The current study used a multivariate approach to identify key sleep metrics and cognitive domains that contribute to the maximum sleep-cognition covariance in healthy older adults.