Rapid quantitative PCR on tongue swabs for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a prospective multicentre study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of infectious disease mortality globally, with significant underdiagnosis perpetuating transmission. Tongue swab analysis has emerged as a promising non-invasive method for pulmonary TB diagnosis. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the TB-EASY quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using tongue swab specimens.

Immuno-combined treatment versus radio-combined treatment in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Although the approval of immunotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has significantly improved the patient's prognosis, synchronous chemoradiotherapy has always been the standard treatment for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Objectives: Immuno-combined and radio-combined therapy in LS-SCLC has been applied in clinical practice, but what is the best for LS-SCLC?

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients with LS-SCLC from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively screened and divided into three groups according to the initial treatment regimen whether included immune-combined and radio-combined treatment.

Combined urine proteomics and metabolomics analysis for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic monitoring is paramount to clinical decision-making and the host biomarkers appears to play a significant role. The currently available diagnostic technology for TB detection is inadequate. In the present study, we aimed to identify biomarkers for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using urinary metabolomic and proteomic analysis.

[Clinical value of automated EasyNAT system for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in paraffin-embedded tissues].

Objective: Assessing the accuracy of automated EasyNAT system for rapidly detecting paraffin-embedded tissue for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 134 patients, comprising 101 with confirmed tuberculosis and 33 without tuberculosis, treated at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, between 2018 and 2022.The clinical diagnostic results served as the standard for assessing the diagnostic performance of the EasyNAT system in comparison to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for tuberculosis detection in paraffin-embedded tissues.

Enhanced Immune Responses Against Through Heat-Killed BCG with Squalene-in-water Emulsion Adjuvant.

The increasing challenge of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) calls for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies, highlighting the potential of adjunctive immunotherapies that are both cost-effective and safe. Host-directed therapy (HDT) using immunomodulators shows promise in enhancing treatment efficacy by modulating immune responses, thereby shortening the duration of therapy and reducing drug resistance risks. This study investigated the immunomodulatory potential of combining Heat-killed Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (hBCG) with a Squalene-based oil-in-Water Emulsion (SWE) adjuvant against TB.

Efficacy of nintedanib as a host-directed therapy candidate in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Background: The lengthy duration and high frequency of drug resistance associated with currently used antimycobacterial drug treatments have intensified the need for alternative therapies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB.

Methods: MICs and intracellular macrophage cfu counts were tested to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nintedanib and pirfenidone against drug-susceptible and -resistant M. tuberculosis.

Granzyme A as biomarker for diagnosis in tuberculous pleural effusion.

BACKGROUNDCurrent diagnostic tools for tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) are often inadequate, making accurate diagnosis challenging. Effective identification of TPE is critical for ensuring proper treatment and preventing tuberculosis relapse. This study explored the potential of granzyme A (GZMA) as a biomarker for TPE.

Efficacy and Safety of Combined Bedaquiline and Delamanid Use among Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China.

Objectives: The combined use of bedaquiline and delamanid (BDQ-DLM) is limited by an increased risk of prolonging the QTc interval. We retrospectively evaluated patients who received DLM/BDQ-containing regimens at a TB-specialized hospital. We aimed to present clinical efficacy and safety data for Chinese patients.

Development of a predictive nomogram for early identification of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hospitalized patients often present with complex clinical conditions, but there is a lack of effective tools to assess their risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, our study aimed to develop a nomogram model for better predicting PE in hospitalized populations.

Methods: Data from hospitalized patients (aged ≥ 15 years) who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to confirm PE and non-PE were collected from December 2013 to April 2023.

Improved Isolation Optimizes Downstream Application of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from .

(), the causative agent of tuberculosis, secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may play an important role in mediating interactions between bacteria and host cells. EVs can be isolated by means of various techniques, which differ in terms of their effectiveness. In the present study, we found that an exosome isolation kit (EI) yielded higher numbers of EVs than either differential centrifugation (DC) or exosome detection via an ultrafast-isolation system (EXODUS).

Identification of BMVC-8C3O as a novel Pks13 inhibitor with anti-tuberculosis activity.

Given the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), there is an urgent demand in developing novel anti-TB medications with highly effective, safe, and utilize innovative mechanisms of action. Blocking the mycolic acid synthesis pathway is well-established to be a significant strategy in developing anti-TB drugs, and Pks13 was identified as a crucial enzyme in this process. Importantly, the modes of action of recognized Pks13 inhibitors differ from traditional anti-TB medications, highlighting Pks13 as a potential and promising target in drug development within TB treatment.

Efficacy and safety of RET-TKI in advanced RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer in China: a real-world retrospective chart review.

Background: Selective RET inhibitors have been approved by the Chinese government for the treatment of RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to illustrate the efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibitors in a real-world clinical context in China.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring RET rearrangement and receiving RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RET-TKI) in the real world were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Postoperative radiotherapy after extirpative surgery may not improve survival in patients with Masaoka-Koga stage IIB thymoma: a propensity-matched study based on the SEER database.

Background: The exact role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with Masaoka-Koga stage IIB thymoma following extirpative surgery (defined as radical surgery or total thymectomy) is still under debate. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of PORT on survival in patients with stage IIB thymoma following extirpative surgery in a population-based registry.

Methods: Patients with Masaoka-Koga stage IIB thymoma who underwent extirpative surgery between 2000 and 2019 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Outcomes After Neoadjuvant Therapy With or Without Immunotherapy Followed By Pneumonectomy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: There are limited data concerning pneumonectomy after preoperative induction therapy. Our study aimed to evaluate feasibility and safety of pneumonectomy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer by assessing postoperative outcomes.

Methods: A total of 1187 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed from 3 hospitals in China.

Overcoming multi-drug resistance in SCLC: a synergistic approach with venetoclax and hydroxychloroquine targeting the lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT/BCL2/BECN1 pathway.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) stands as one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a grim diagnosis and prognosis. The emergence of multi-drug resistance poses a significant hurdle to effective therapy. Although previous studies have implicated the long noncoding RNA LYPLAL1-DT in the tumorigenesis of SCLC, the precise role of the highly expressed LYPLAL1-DT in SCLC chemoresistance and the underlying mechanism remain inadequately understood.

Analysis of the epidemiological trends of Tuberculosis in China from 2000 to 2021 based on the joinpoint regression model.

Background: China is ranked third globally in terms of burden and has a moderately high to high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). This study meticulously investigated the notification rates of TB and assessed the epidemic in China from 2000 to 2021. The aim of the study was to provide robust supporting data that is crucial for enhancing TB prevention and control strategies.

[Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer transformed into small-cell lung cancer after treatment].

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations who developed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation after treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We conducted a retrospective collection of clinical data for 21 patients with advanced EGFR mutant NSCLC who developed SCLC transformation after EGFR-TKI treatment at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2021. The clinical characteristics were summarized and the prognosis analysis was conducted.

CD8+ T cells infiltrating into tumors were controlled by immune status of pulmonary lymph nodes and correlated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' prognosis treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has the potential to reduce tumor burden, improve the pathological complete response (pCR) rate, and significantly prolong patients' disease-free survival (DFS). However, the treatment's effectiveness varies among NSCLC patients. The immunological mechanisms contributing to tumor regression still require further exploration and elucidation.