Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Imaging and clinical fundamentals.

Neuroimaging is a paramount element for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a condition characterized by signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure without the identification of a mass or hydrocephalus being recognized. The primary purpose of this review is to deliver an overview of the spectrum and the specific role of the various imaging findings associated with the condition while providing imaging examples and educational concepts. Clinical perspectives and insights into the disease, including treatment options, will also be discussed.

Oncological resection and perioperative outcomes of robotic, laparoscopic and open pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma: a propensity score matched international multicenter cohort study.

Background: Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) typically presents at an early stage due to biliary obstruction and therefore might be specifically suitable for minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD). However, studies assessing MIPD specifically for AAC, including the robotic and laparoscopic approach, are limited. The aim of this study is to compare short- and long-term oncological resection and perioperative outcomes of robotic (RPD), laparoscopic (LPD) and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) performed specifically for AAC.

Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis: can sex play a role?

Objectives: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and complex autoimmune disease with significant complications. During the last few years, research interest focuses on the differences between female and male patients. However, there is a lack of data regarding the role of sex in the presence of small airway disease (SAD).

Efficacy of atezolizumab-bevacizumab combination therapy early after recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following resection or ablation with a curative intent.

Background: The pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after resection/ablation is intrahepatic and/or systemic. The efficacy of atezolizumab-bevacizumab treatment as early therapy after recurrence has not been extensively evaluated.

Methods: We evaluated 32 patients (group A) with early HCC recurrence after resection/ablation and 24 patients (group B) initially diagnosed as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-C, all treated with atezolizumab-bevacizumab.

Accuracy of distinguishing benign, high-risk lesions and malignancies with inductive machine learning models in BIRADS 4 and BIRADS 5 lesions on breast MR examinations.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the utility of Inductive Decision Tree models (IDTs) in distinguishing between benign, malignant, and high-risk (B3) breast lesions.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 124 histologically confirmed lesions in 114 patients who underwent breast MR with BI-RADS 4 or 5 assessment. The dataset comprised 10 imaging parameters and one clinical observation.

What Is the Prognostic Value of the Pathologic Response after Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma? An Institutional Study Using the EORTC-STBSG Response Score.

The relationship between pathologic findings in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after neoadjuvant treatment and oncological outcomes remains uncertain due to varying evaluation methods and cut-off values. This study aims to assess pathologic findings after neoadjuvant radiotherapy in STS using the EORTC-STBSG response score and evaluate its prognostic value. Clinical and outcome data from 44 patients were reviewed.

Outcome of Minimally Invasive and Open Pancreatoduodenectomy in Patients with Intestinal- and Pancreatobiliary Subtype Ampullary Cancer: An International Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: To compare minimally invasive and open pancreatoduodenectomy in different subtypes of ampullary adenocarcinoma.

Summary Background Data: Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) is widely seen as the best indication for minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD) due to the lack of vascular involvement and dilated bile and pancreatic duct. However, it is unknown whether outcomes of MIPD for AAC differ between the pancreatobiliary (AAC-PB) and intestinal (AAC-IT) subtypes as large studies are lacking.

Adjuvant immunotherapy and targeted therapy in early and locally advanced resectable lung cancer: expanding treatment tentacles?

Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy has been the main treatment following surgical resection with curative intent in early and locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) albeit with a 5% improvement in 5-year survival rates. Recent advances in biomarkers pave the way for targeted treatments and immunotherapy in a broader spectrum of patients with subsequently improved clinical outcomes. Targeted treatments and immunotherapy have established their place in the adjuvant setting of resected NSCLC.

Real-World Treatment Patterns in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Greece: The PROSPECT Study.

Introduction: Real-world data on management of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with novel therapies is sparse. The aim of this study was to capture real-world management strategies in patients with mCRPC who initiated first line (1L) systemic therapy with chemotherapy or novel hormonal agents (NHAs) in Greece and describe the therapeutic sequencing strategy among patients who advanced to 2L and 3L treatment.

Patients And Methods: In this noninterventional, multicentre, retrospective study (PROSPECT), a medical chart review of 149 patients with mCRPC who initiated 1L systemic therapy with chemotherapy or NHAs in 7 major anticancer hospital clinics, from public, academic, and private sectors in Greece was conducted.

The addition of mesenchymal stem cells in a bioabsorbable scaffold does not enhance tendon healing after a repair of rotator cuff tear.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the healing potential of a full-thickness tendon defect in the rotator cuff of rabbits using a bioabsorbable scaffold impregnated with bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or rotator cuff-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RC-MSCs).

Methods: Sixteen adult rabbits were subjected to a full-thickness rotator cuff deficit. Rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of four animals.

Unravelling the diagnostic pathology and molecular biomarkers in lung cancer.

The progress in lung cancer treatment is closely interlinked with the progress in diagnostic methods. There are four steps before commencing lung cancer treatment: estimation of the patient's performance status, assessment of disease stage (tumour, node, metastasis), recognition of histological subtype, and detection of biomarkers. The resection rate in lung cancer is <30% and >70% of patients need systemic therapy, which is individually adjusted.

Genetic Testing of Breast Cancer Patients with Very Early-Onset Breast Cancer (≤30 Years) Yields a High Rate of Germline Pathogenic Variants, Mainly in the BRCA1, TP53, and BRCA2 Genes.

Early-onset breast cancer constitutes a major criterion for genetic testing referral. Nevertheless, studies focusing on breast cancer patients (≤30 years) are limited. We investigated the contribution and spectrum of known breast-cancer-associated genes in 267 Greek women with breast cancer ≤30 years while monitoring their clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes.

The Five Periampullary Cancers, not Just Different Siblings but Different Families: An International Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Cancer arising in the periampullary region can be anatomically classified in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), duodenal adenocarcinoma (DAC), and ampullary carcinoma. Based on histopathology, ampullary carcinoma is currently subdivided in intestinal (AmpIT), pancreatobiliary (AmpPB), and mixed subtypes. Despite close anatomical resemblance, it is unclear how ampullary subtypes relate to the remaining periampullary cancers in tumor characteristics and behavior.

The road to tailored adjuvant chemotherapy for all four non-pancreatic periampullary cancers: An international multimethod cohort study.

Background: Despite differences in tumour behaviour and characteristics between duodenal adenocarcinoma (DAC), the intestinal (AmpIT) and pancreatobiliary (AmpPB) subtype of ampullary adenocarcinoma and distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) on these cancers, as well as the optimal ACT regimen, has not been comprehensively assessed. This study aims to assess the influence of tailored ACT on DAC, dCCA, AmpIT, and AmpPB.

Patients And Methods: Patients after pancreatoduodenectomy for non-pancreatic periampullary adenocarcinoma were identified and collected from 36 tertiary centres between 2010 - 2021.

Differences in Lymph Node Metastases Patterns Among Non-pancreatic Periampullary Cancers and Histologic Subtypes: An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review.

Background: Standard lymphadenectomy for pancreatoduodenectomy is defined for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and adopted for patients with non-pancreatic periampullary cancer (NPPC), ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC), distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), or duodenal adenocarcinoma (DAC). This study aimed to compare the patterns of lymph node metastases among the different NPPCs in a large series and in a systematic review to guide the discussion on surgical lymphadenectomy and pathology assessment.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients after pancreatoduodenectomy for NPPC with at least one lymph node metastasis (2010-2021) from 24 centers in nine countries.

A Real-world Study of Everolimus Plus Aromatase Inhibitor in Hormone Receptor-positive, HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Everolimus in combination with exemestane was shown to offer benefit versus exemestane monotherapy in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients who progressed after aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of metastatic breast cancer patients, treated with everolimus, were retrospectively reviewed to generate real life safety and efficacy data.

Results: Sixty-eight percent of the patients had received chemotherapy (for early or metastatic disease) and 26% had received chemotherapy for metastatic disease.

Different Periampullary Types and Subtypes Leading to Different Perioperative Outcomes of Pancreatoduodenectomy: Reality and Not a Myth; An International Multicenter Cohort Study.

This international multicenter cohort study included 30 centers. Patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma (DAC), intestinal-type (AmpIT) and pancreatobiliary-type (AmpPB) ampullary adenocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were included. The primary outcome was 30-day or in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo 3b≥), clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Sentinel Lymph Node Staging in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a significant global public health concern, even with preventive measures in place. In women with early-stage CC, the status of lymph nodes is of paramount importance, not only for the final prognosis but also for determining the best therapeutic strategy. According to main international guidelines, pelvic full lymphadenectomy (PLND) is recommended for lymph node staging.

Exploring the time-dependent regulatory potential of microRNAs in breast cancer cells treated with proteasome inhibitors.

Purpose: Breast cancer (BrCa) is a predominant type of cancer with a disparate molecular nature. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising key players in the regulation of pathological processes in BrCa. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) emerged as promising anticancer agents for several human malignancies, including BrCa, inhibiting the function of the proteasome.