Enhancing semantic segmentation for autonomous vehicle scene understanding in indian context using modified CANet model.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have increased interest in intelligent transportation systems, particularly autonomous vehicles. Safe navigation in traffic-heavy environments requires accurate road scene segmentation, yet traditional computer vision methods struggle with complex scenarios. This study emphasizes the role of deep learning in improving semantic segmentation using datasets like the Indian Driving Dataset (IDD), which presents unique challenges in chaotic road conditions.

Cavity-mediated iSWAP oscillations between distant spins.

Direct interactions between quantum particles naturally fall off with distance. However, future quantum computing architectures are likely to require interaction mechanisms between qubits across a range of length scales. In this work, we demonstrate a coherent interaction between two semiconductor spin qubits 250 μm apart using a superconducting resonator.

PUR-GEN: A web server for automated generation of polyurethane fragment libraries.

The biodegradation of synthetic polymers offers a promising solution for sustainable plastic recycling. Polyurethanes (PUR) stand out among these polymers due to their susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the intricate 3D structures formed by PUR chains present challenges for biodegradation studies, both computational and experimental.

City classification and health burden: Evidence from U5 malaria in the rapidly growing city of Akure, Nigeria.

Objectives: Little is known about the complex interplay between urban structure and health in rapidly urbanizing cities in Nigeria.

Methods: The study broadly used very high-resolution satellite imagery and gathered primary data. With the aid of the very high-resolution imagery and identified neighborhoods, two neighborhoods each were sampled based on their classified urban structure characteristics.

Downregulation of MerTK in circulating T cells of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To explore the differential gene expression in peripheral blood immune cells of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), comparing those with and without non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: From a pool of 126 potential participants, 60 were selected for detailed analysis. This group included 12 healthy donors (HDs), 22 individuals with DM, and 26 with NPDR.

Exosomes Derived from Apelin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Alleviating Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via Delivery of miR-34a-5p.

Background: Exosomes sourced from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXOs) have become a promising therapeutic tool for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SMD). Our previous study demonstrated that Apelin pretreatment enhanced the therapeutic benefit of MSCs in myocardial infarction by improving their paracrine effects. This study aimed to determine whether EXOs sourced from Apelin-pretreated MSCs (Apelin-MSC-EXOs) would have potent cardioprotective effects against SMD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Early subacute frontal callosal microstructure and language outcomes after stroke.

The integrity of the frontal segment of the corpus callosum, forceps minor, is particularly susceptible to age-related degradation and has been associated with cognitive outcomes in both healthy and pathological ageing. The predictive relevance of forceps minor integrity in relation to cognitive outcomes following a stroke remains unexplored. Our goal was to evaluate whether the heterogeneity of forceps minor integrity, assessed early after stroke onset (2-6 weeks), contributes to explaining variance in longitudinal outcomes in post-stroke aphasia.

A modelling approach to characterise the interaction between behavioral response and epidemics: A study based on COVID-19.

During epidemic outbreaks, human behavior is highly influential on the disease transmission and hence affects the course, duration and outcome of the epidemics. In order to examine the feedback effect between the dynamics of the behavioral response and disease outbreak, a simple SIR- type model is established by introducing the independent variable of effective contact rate, characterizing how human behavior interacts with disease transmission dynamics and allowing for the feedback changing over time along the progress of epidemic and population's perception of risk. By a particle swarm optimization algorithm in the solution procedures and time series of COVID-19 data with different shapes of infection peaks, we show that the proposed model, together with such behavioral change mechanism, is capable of capturing the trend of the selected data and can give rise to oscillatory prevalence of different magnitude over time, revealing how different levels of behavioral response affect the waves of infection as well as the evolution of the disease.

-Glucan-modified nanoparticles with different particle sizes exhibit different lymphatic targeting efficiencies and adjuvant effects.

Particle size and surface properties are crucial for lymphatic drainage (LN), dendritic cell (DC) uptake, DC maturation, and antigen cross-presentation induced by nanovaccine injection, which lead to an effective cell-mediated immune response. However, the manner in which the particle size and surface properties of vaccine carriers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) affect this immune response is unknown. We prepared 50, 100, and 200 nm of MSNs that adsorbed ovalbumin antigen (OVA) while modifying -glucan to enhance immunogenicity.

The influence of health literacy on how preschool educators and parents perceive the continuous development of health competencies within the framework of sustainability: Lithuanian case.

Preschool education is one of the most important priorities of modern educational policies and the basis of lifelong learning. Health-literate educators and parents are better equipped to instill sustainable health practices in young children. Therefore, it is important to examine health literacy and determine how preschool educators and parents perceive the continuous development of health competencies within the framework of sustainability.

Next-gen agriculture: integrating AI and XAI for precision crop yield predictions.

Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security by altering precipitation patterns and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts, heatwaves, and floods. These phenomena directly affect agricultural productivity, leading to lower crop yields and economic losses for farmers. This study leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques to predict crop yields and assess the impacts of climate change on agriculture, providing a novel approach to understanding complex interactions between climatic and agronomic factors.

Bacterial carrier-mediated drug delivery systems: a promising strategy in cancer therapy.

Cancer is a major killer threatening modern human health and a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the heterogeneity and complexity of cancer, traditional treatments have limited effectiveness. To address this problem, an increasing number of researchers and medical professionals are working to develop new ways to treat cancer.

Designs of Upper Limb Tremor Suppression Orthoses: Efficacy and Wearer's Comfort.

Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary oscillatory movement that severely affects some aspects of a patient's daily life. The use of wearable tremor-suppressing orthoses has become an effective, noninvasive treatment method for controlling tremors. This article summarizes recent developments in upper limb tremor suppression orthoses, aiming to provide a foundation for future research.

(Omphalotaceae, Agaricales), A New Species from Danang, Vietnam.

During the collection of macrofungi resources in Son Tra Nature Reserve, Danang, Vietnam, two fungal specimens of the genus , designated as M34295 and M3457, living on dead still-attached branches of L. at an elevation around 360 m above the sea level were recorded. The morphological characteristics of the specimens shared some common characteristics with spp.

Numerical study on the prediction of oil recovery rates in unconventional reservoirs at high temperatures using ecologically friendly hybrid nanofluids.

Although oil extraction is indispensable for meeting worldwide energy demands and ensuring industrial sustainability, various hazards are observed. Therefore, this study examined the chemical oil recovery-related environmental consequences concerning water, soil, ecosystem, and human health damages. A numerical analysis explored the mathematical model for oil extraction from unconventional sources by utilising 3D porous prism geometries under high-temperature conditions.

Magnetohydrodynamic unsteady natural convection slip flow in a vertical parallel plate microchannel heated with constant heat flux.

This research presents a numerical study over the unsteady natural convection of an electrically conducting fluid in an open-ended vertical parallel plate microchannel under uniform and asymmetric heat flux subjected to a uniform lateral magnetic field. Slip velocity, as well as temperature jump at channel walls, are modeled using a first-order model. The effects of Knudsen number)(, heat flux ratio)rq(, Grashof number)(, and Hartmann number)M(on mass flow rate, the maximum temperature of the wall, and average Nusselt () as a function of time are discussed.

Influence of cobalt substitution in CoFeO nanoparticles on structural, morphological, cation distribution, optical and magnetic properties.

This paper presents the first-time synthesis of CoFe Co O nanoparticles (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.

Optimized heparin adsorption using macroporous zeolites: A comprehensive study.

Heparin is a highly valuable active pharmaceutical ingredient, typically derived from porcine intestinal mucosa. Traditionally, various commercial resins have been used as adsorbents for heparin extraction; however, there has been growing interest in exploring more cost-effective adsorbents in recent years to improve heparin recovery. Zeolites, a typical aluminosilicate known for their high surface area, porosity, and thermal stability, were selected for evaluation in this study.

Biofilm architecture and dynamics of the oral ecosystem.

The oral cavity, being a nutritionally enriched environment, has been proven to be an ideal habitat for biofilm development. Various microenvironments, including dental enamel, supra- and subgingival surfaces, salivary fluid, and the dorsal surface of the tongue, harbor diverse microbes. These biofilms typically consist of four major layers.

Hierarchy Reproduction: Multiphasic Strategies for Tendon/Ligament-Bone Junction Repair.

Tendon/ligament-bone junctions (T/LBJs) are susceptible to damage during exercise, resulting in anterior cruciate ligament rupture or rotator cuff tear; however, their intricate hierarchical structure hinders self-regeneration. Multiphasic strategies have been explored to fuel heterogeneous tissue regeneration and integration. This review summarizes current multiphasic approaches for rejuvenating functional gradients in T/LBJ healing.

Broad-Temperature Optical Thermometry via Dual Sensitivity of Self-Trapped Excitons Lifetime and Higher-Order Phonon Anharmonicity in Lead-Free Perovskites.

Broad-temperature optical thermometry necessitates materials with exceptional sensitivity and stability across varied thermal conditions, presenting challenges for conventional systems. Here, we report a lead-free, vacancy-ordered perovskite Cs2TeCl6, that achieves precise temperature sensing through a novel combination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) photoluminescence (PL) lifetime modulation and unprecedented fifth-order phonon anharmonicity. The STEs PL lifetime demonstrates a highly temperature-sensitive response from 200 to 300 K, ideal for low-to-intermediate thermal sensing.

Advances in integrated power supplies for self-powered bioelectronic devices.

Bioelectronic devices with medical functions have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Power supplies are crucial components in these devices, which ensure their stable operation. Biomedical devices that utilize external power supplies and extended electrical wires limit patient mobility and increase the risk of discomfort and infection.

Dual-Asymmetric Solid Additive Enables Eco-friendly All-Polymer Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency and Excellent Stability.

The optimization of morphology in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) often relies on the use of solvent additives. However, their tendency to remain trapped in the device due to high boiling points leads to performance degradation over time. In this study, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of one dual-asymmetric solid additive featuring mono-brominated-asymmetric dithienothiophene (SL-1).

[Analysis of phthalate esters and their novel alternatives in indoor dust using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry].

A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) method was developed to analyze 25 traditional phthalate esters (PAEs) and 19 novel alternatives in indoor dust samples. PAEs are ubiquitous in indoor environments because they are widely used as plasticizers in a variety of consumer products, and potential health concerns have prompted the need for effective monitoring methods. In this study, dust samples were collected from various indoor settings in a university campus, including classrooms, cafeterias, laboratories, and dormitories, and were subsequently ultrasonically extracted with hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1, v/v) solution for 30 min.