Iron Drives Eosinophil Differentiation in Allergic Airway Inflammation Through Mitochondrial Metabolic Adaptation.

Eosinophils play a crucial role as effector cells in asthma pathogenesis, with their differentiation being tightly regulated by metabolic mechanisms. While the involvement of iron in various cellular processes is well known, its specific role in eosinophil differentiation has largely remained unexplored. This study demonstrates that iron levels are increased during the differentiation process from eosinophil progenitors to mature and activated eosinophils in the context of allergic airway inflammation.

Rationale and Design of the InsightPFA Trial: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of the Irreversible Electroporation-Based Pulsed Field Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in Chinese Patients With Symptomatic Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is gaining recognition as a nonthermal, tissue-specific technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The preclinical evaluation of the investigated novel PFA system from Insight Medtech Co. Ltd has demonstrated feasibility, safety, and 30-day efficacy for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in the swine model.

Chain of Risks Evaluation (CORE): A framework for safer large language models in public mental health.

Large language models (LLMs) have gained significant attention for their capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, their widespread adoption potentially raises public mental health concerns, including issues related to inequity, stigma, dependence, medical risks, and security threats. This review aims to offer a perspective within the actor-network framework, exploring the technical architectures, linguistic dynamics, and psychological effects underlying human-LLMs interactions.

Evaluating Meta-Learners to Analyze Treatment Heterogeneity in Survival Data: Application to Electronic Health Records of Pediatric Asthma Care in COVID-19 Pandemic.

An important aspect of precision medicine focuses on characterizing diverse responses to treatment due to unique patient characteristics, also known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) or individualized treatment effects (ITE), and identifying beneficial subgroups with enhanced treatment effects. Estimating HTE with right-censored data in observational studies remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-ITE-based framework for analyzing HTE in survival data, which includes a group of meta-learners for estimating HTE, a variable importance metric for identifying predictive variables to HTE, and a data-adaptive procedure to select subgroups with enhanced treatment effects.

Pharmacokinetic and Exposure-Response Modeling Support Body Surface Area-Based Dosing of Farletuzumab Ecteribulin in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors.

The first-in-human, Phase 1 Study 101 showed antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile of farletuzumab ecteribulin in Japanese patients with platinum-resistant ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer. A pharmacometric assessment evaluated farletuzumab ecteribulin pharmacokinetics and exposure-response (E-R) relationships for efficacy and safety to support dose optimization. Patients received 0.

International Validation of a Novel PEACE Scale to Improve the Quality of Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Inspection During Endoscopy.

Introduction: The performance of a high quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is dependent on the mucosal cleanliness. Recently, the Polprep: Effective Assessment of Cleanliness in EGD (PEACE) scale was created to assess the degree of mucosal cleanliness during EGD. The aim of this study was to validate this scoring system in a cohort of international endoscopists.

Targeting p21-Positive Senescent Chondrocytes via IL-6R/JAK2 Inhibition to Alleviate Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative joint disease, prominently influenced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although elevated IL-6 levels in joint fluid are well-documented, the uneven cartilage degeneration observed in knee OA patients suggests additional underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the role of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) in mediating IL-6 signaling and its contribution to OA progression.

Comparisons in Postoperative Endoscopic Findings and Postoperative Weight Change Between Delta-Shaped Anastomosis and Circular-Stapled Anastomosis in Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy With B-I Reconstruction.

Background: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with Billroth I (B-I) reconstruction is frequently performed for gastric cancer. However, the difference between the circular stapler technique (CS) and delta-shaped anastomosis (DA) remains unclear, especially regarding the postoperative endoscopic physiological findings.

Methods: Three hundred and one patients including 150 CS patients and 151 DA patients during LADG with B-I reconstruction between 2013 and 2019 at Saitama Medical University International Medical Center were chosen as study subjects.

Therapeutic Potential of Propolis and Royal Jelly in Encephalitozoon Intestinalis Infection: An in Vitro Study.

Purpose: Encephalitozoon intestinalis is an obligate intracellular microsporidian fungus that causes severe gastrointestinal infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Propolis (PROP), a resinous substance derived from bees, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while royal jelly (RJ) has immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of PROP and RJ against E.

Upregulation of CD19 by low-dose chidamide promotes CAR T cells functionality in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is a highly heterogeneous group of lymphopoietic malignancies that account for 85% to 90% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In recent years, CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell immunotherapy has significantly improved the cure rate of B-NHL patients, but there are still some patients who cannot achieve remission after treatment, or relapse after remission. Therefore, it is of great importance to overcome the drug resistance of CD19 CAR T cells after B-NHL treatment and reduce the recurrence rate of CD19 CAR T cells after B-NHL treatment.

Clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics of patients with spondyloenchondrodysplasia: a case series study.

Unlabelled: Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized with skeletal dysplasia, immune dysregulation, and neurological impairment. Patients diagnosed with SPENCD at a single pediatric hematology center were included in the study. The patients' clinical characteristics, symptoms at presentation, imaging and laboratory results, and genetic analysis results were collected retrospectively from their files.

Novel anatomical variations of the internal thoracic artery: implications for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and autologous breast reconstruction.

The unique structure and location of the internal thoracic artery make it an ideal conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and autologous breast reconstruction. Variants with different characteristics have the potential to impact surgical success. This report presents a female body donor with a novel bilateral variation of the internal thoracic artery.

The MASCC COG-IMPACT: An unmet needs assessment for cancer-related cognitive impairment impact developed by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer.

Purpose: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) can have a profound impact on the lives of cancer survivors. A multitude of subjective and objective assessment tools exist to assess the presence and severity of CRCI. However, no purpose-built tool exists to assess the unmet needs of cancer survivors directly relating to CRCI.

The impact of imprecise case definitions in electronic health record research: a melanoma case-study from the Million Veteran Program.

Cases for a disease can be defined broadly using diagnostic codes, or narrowly using gold-standard confirmation that often is not available in large administrative datasets. These different definitions can have significant impacts on the results and conclusions of studies. We conducted this study to assess how using melanoma phecodes versus histologic confirmation for invasive or in situ melanoma impacts the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the Million Veteran Program.

Drosophila modeling to identify causative genes and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms for primary ovarian insufficiency.

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a disease defined as a reduction in ovarian function under the age of 40 and represents the main cause of female infertility. In recent years, many genetic mutations associated with POI have been identified using high-throughput sequencing technology. However, one big challenge today is to determine the disease-causing gene associations through functional assessment.

RETRACTED: Di Paola et al. Environmental Risk Assessment of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Tocilizumab Mixture in Zebrafish Early Life Stage (). 2022, , 279.

The journal retracts the article "Environmental risk assessment of mixture of COVID-19 treating pharmaceutical drugs in zebrafish early life stage ()" [...

Detecting B-cell lymphoma-6 overexpression status in primary central nervous system lymphoma using multiparametric MRI-based machine learning.

Purpose: In primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), B-cell lymphoma-6 (BCL-6) is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker. We aim to non-invasively detect BCL-6 overexpression in PCNSL patients using multiparametric MRI and machine learning techniques.

Methods: 65 patients (101 lesions) with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) diagnosed from January 2013 to July 2023, and all patients were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set according to a ratio of 8 to 2.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There are limited data on the improvement of anxiety symptoms in patients receiving ECT for TRD.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the extent to which anxiety symptom severity improves, relative to improvements in depressive symptoms, in TRD patients receiving an acute course of ECT.

Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy With E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing.

Efficacy, Safety and Retention in Care Among Adolescents and Youth With HIV on Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Treatment: Real-World Observational Cohort Outcomes.

Background: Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) can improve adherence among adolescents and youth with HIV (AYHIV). We evaluated LAI CAB/RPV treatment outcomes among AYHIV.

Methods: An observational cohort study of AYHIV <25 years initiated LAI CAB/RPV from October 2021 to June 2024 as a standard of care.