Global burden of traumatic brain injury in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the burden and underlying causes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, which derived estimates of TBI burden from hospital and emergency department records, national surveys, and claims data, the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with TBI were analyzed. A comparative analysis of TBI burden by location, age, sex, and socio-demographic index was performed, along with an underlying assessment of 15 major causes contributing to age-standardized incidence rates.

JOSD2 promotes breast cancer metastasis by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD4.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide, and its high degree of metastasis significantly impacts treatment effectiveness leading to poor prognosis. The potential molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis remain to be further elucidated. In this study, via database analysis, we revealed that the deubiquitinase josephin domain containing 2 (JOSD2) was abnormally amplified in patients with metastatic breast cancer, and was significantly negatively correlated with patient prognosis.

Evaluation of Multi-Lingual Simplifications of IR Procedural Reports Using GPT-4.

This study assesses the feasibility of Large Language Models like GPT-4 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) to summarize interventional radiology (IR) procedural reports to improve layperson understanding and translate medical texts into multiple languages. 200 reports from eight categories were summarized using GPT-4. Readability was assessed with Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level (FKRL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES).

Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN) Consensus Document on Defining a High Quality Wedge Resection for Early Stage Lung Cancer.

With the publication of CALGB 140503, an increase in wedge resections for small, peripheral non-small cell lung cancer is expected; however, a relative paucity of data exists as to what defines a high quality oncologic wedge resection. The Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network (ThORN), through expert discussion, guided by review of what limited data does exist, and through use of a modified Delphi process, provides these consensus statements defining an oncologically sound, high quality wedge resection. The statements are classified into five categories: 1) Preoperative Considerations 2) Technical Aspects 3) Lymph Node Assessment 4) Margin Assessment and 5) Tissue Handling by Pathology.

Chemically defined and dynamic click hydrogels support hair cell differentiation in human inner ear organoids.

The mechanical properties in the inner ear microenvironment play a key role in its patterning during embryonic development. To recapitulate inner ear development in vitro, three-dimensional tissue engineering strategies including the application of representative tissue models and scaffolds are of increasing interest. Human inner ear organoids are a promising model to recapitulate developmental processes; however, the current protocol requires Matrigel that contains ill-defined extracellular matrix components.

CD70-targeted iPSC-derived CAR-NK cells display potent function against tumors and alloreactive T cells.

Clinical application of autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells is complicated by limited targeting of cancer types, as well as the time-consuming and costly manufacturing process. We develop CD70-targeted, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-natural killer (NK) (70CAR-iNK) cells as an approach for universal immune cell therapy. Besides the CD70-targeted CAR molecule, 70CAR-iNK cells are modified with CD70 gene knockout, a high-affinity non-cleavable CD16 (hnCD16), and an interleukin (IL)-15 receptor α/IL-15 fusion protein (IL15RF).

NURBS curve shape prior-guided multiscale attention network for automatic segmentation of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Accurate segmentation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) within Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images is critical for the precise planning of oral and maxillofacial surgeries, especially to avoid IAN damage. Existing methods often fail due to the low contrast of the IAN and the presence of artifacts, which can cause segmentation discontinuities. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach that employs Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curve shape priors into a multiscale attention network for the automatic segmentation of the IAN.

Exploring the impact of surgeon-reported gender on palliative care utilization in geriatric trauma patients.

Introduction: Geriatric trauma research increasingly supports the use of Palliative Care (PC). We surveyed trauma surgeon for perspectives on PC usage. Significant gender differences were identified, necessitating post-hoc investigation.

Radiosynthesis and evaluation of novel F labeled PET ligands for imaging monoacylglycerol lipase.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a 33 kDa cytosolic serine hydrolase that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAGL hydrolyzes monoacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol, playing a crucial role in endocannabinoid degradation. Inhibition of MAGL in the brain elevates levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and leads to decreased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin and thromboxane production.

Physician-dominated conversations: An analysis of illness understanding discussions among patients with advanced cancer.

Context: Effective communication between patients and oncologists is crucial, particularly around illness understanding. When this communication is asymmetric or imbalanced, it can hinder shared decision-making and lead to suboptimal clinical outcomes.

Objectives: We sought to describe physician-patient speech imbalances ("asymmetry") in illness understanding portions of discussions between oncologists and advanced cancer patients and explore potential trends related to patient characteristics.

Association of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) with textbook outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer.

Background: Surgical resection is the cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment but can be associated with adverse short-term postoperative outcomes. We sought to assess the factors associated with achievement of optimal outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, the US Rectal Cancer Consortium database was used to identify patients who underwent surgery for nonmetastatic rectal cancer between 2007 and 2018.

Enhancement of health beneficial bioactivities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) by puffing.

Effects of puffing and extraction method on physical and biological efficacy of bitter melon was investigated. Puffing increased the Maillard reaction products, extraction yield, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Antioxidant activity was the highest at 980 kPa, but there was no significant difference between two extraction methods.

Preferences for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Infants: A Survey of the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network.

Introduction: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is being performed more frequently in children, but few studies have evaluated surgical practice patterns in infants. In this study, we surveyed pediatric surgeons within a regional consortium to assess current preferences for IHR strategy in infants. We hypothesized that early-career pediatric surgeons would prefer laparoscopic IHR over open IHR in this patient population.

The PANDA score: External validation and modification of a simple upfront prediction tool for poor outcomes despite successful stroke thrombectomy.

Background: While endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has become standard of care for patients' acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), many patients still suffer profound neurological disability, also termed futile recanalization (FR). The BAND score, which incorporates baseline disability, age, stroke severity, and treatment time window, is derived as a simple tool for upfront prediction of FR prior to EVT. This study aims to externally validate the BAND score and to incorporate upfront imaging biomarkers into the prediction tool.

Who is coming in? Evaluation of physician performance within multi-physician emergency departments.

Background: This study aimed to examine how physician performance metrics are affected by the speed of other attendings (co-attendings) concurrently staffing the ED.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using patient data from two EDs between January-2018 and February-2020. Machine learning was used to predict patient length of stay (LOS) conditional on being assigned a physician of average speed, using patient- and departmental-level variables.

Intraoperative Anesthetic Care During Emergent/Urgent Craniotomy or Craniectomy for Intracranial Hypertension or Herniation: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify and describe best practice for the intraoperative anesthetic management of patients undergoing emergent/urgent decompressive craniotomy or craniectomy for any indication. The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles related to urgent/emergent craniotomy/craniectomy for intracranial hypertension or brain herniation. Only articles focusing on intraoperative anesthetic management were included; those investigating surgical or intensive care unit management were excluded.

Modular DNA origami-based electrochemical detection of DNA and proteins.

The diversity and heterogeneity of biomarkers has made the development of general methods for single-step quantification of analytes difficult. For individual biomarkers, electrochemical methods that detect a conformational change in an affinity binder upon analyte binding have shown promise. However, because the conformational change must operate within a nanometer-scale working distance, an entirely new sensor, with a unique conformational change, must be developed for each analyte.

Hydroxychloroquine prevents resistance and potentiates the antitumor effect of SHP2 inhibition in NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas and the primary cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These malignancies develop within preexisting benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). PNs are solely driven by biallelic loss eliciting RAS pathway activation, and they respond favorably to MEK inhibitor therapy.

Repetitive and extensive focused ultrasound-mediated bilateral frontal blood-brain barrier opening for Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening is safe and potentially beneficial in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the removal of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. However, the optimal BBB opening intervals and number of treatment sessions for clinical improvement remain undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and benefits of repeated and more extensive BBB opening alone.

A comprehensive multicenter analysis of clinical, molecular, and imaging characteristics and outcomes of H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma in adults.

Objective: The objective was to comprehensively investigate the clinical, molecular, and imaging characteristics and outcomes of H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG) in adults.

Methods: Retrospective chart and imaging reviews were performed in 111 adult patients with H3 K27-altered DMG from two tertiary institutions. Clinical, molecular, imaging, and survival characteristics were analyzed.

Identification and validation of soft tissue sarcoma-specific transcriptomic model for predicting radioresistance.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the transcriptomic signatures of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) related to radioresistance and establish a model to predict radioresistance.

Materials And Methods: Nine STS cell lines were cultured. Adenosine triphosphate-based viability was determined 5 days after irradiation with 8 Gy of X-rays in a single fraction.

Pleural metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer: clinical features and long-term outcomes.

Objective: Pleural metastasis (PM) is rare in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Radioiodine (131I) therapy has been the main treatment for postoperative metastasis and recurrence of DTC. However, clinical data on PM from DTC are limited.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

SIV Env RhmAbs + N-803 at ART initiation prolongs viral decay without disrupting reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant macaques.

The latent viral reservoir remains the major barrier to HIV cure, placing the burden of strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on people living with HIV to prevent recrudescence of viremia. For infants with perinatally acquired HIV, adherence is anticipated to be a lifelong need. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of ART and viral Envelope-specific rhesus-derived IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (RhmAbs) with or without the IL-15 superagonist N-803 early in infection would limit viral reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.