Mean arterial pressure at the initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy as a prognostic indicator in patients with acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients, with approximately 5% requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This study investigated the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 28- and 90-day mortality in critically ill AKI patients treated with CRRT.

Methods: This secondary analysis of a bicenter, retrospective, observational study included patients with AKI who were treated with CRRT from January 2009 to September 2016.

Aligning corporate social responsibility with artificial intelligence in healthcare in the context of the post-COVID-19 recovery: a viewpoint.

Purpose: This study explores how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and artificial intelligence (AI) can be combined in the healthcare industry during the post-COVID-19 recovery phase. The aim is to showcase how this fusion can help tackle healthcare inequalities, enhance accessibility and support long-term sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach: Adopting a viewpoint approach, the study leverages existing literature and case studies to analyze the intersection of CSR and AI.

Usefulness of Magnifying Endoscopy With Narrow-Band Imaging for Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Neoplasia.

Background And Aim: Qualitative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia (UCAN) is crucial for surveillance colonoscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the utility of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) in sporadic neoplasia diagnosis has been reported, its efficacy in UCAN remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of ME-NBI for qualitative diagnosis of UCAN.

Regular human insulins versus rapid-acting insulin analogues in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a serious, chronic disorder with an increasing incidence among children and adolescents. Glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes is better managed through a basal-bolus regimen with either regular human or rapid-acting insulin analogues administered as a bolus at mealtimes. Rapid-acting insulin analogues have been hypothesized to cause optimal glycemic control and less risk of hypoglycemic episodes compared to regular human insulins.

Comparison of different pain management strategies during the perioperative period of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate and compare different postoperative pain management strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), in order to provide scientific evidence for clinical practice and decision-making.

Methods: A total of 274 ESCC patients who underwent surgery at the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in the study.

Socioeconomic and mental health inequalities in global burden of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Aim: To explore the holistic impact of socioeconomic and mental health inequalities on the global burden of type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study used data on the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of type 2 diabetes as well as DALYs attributable to risk factors during 1990-2021 from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was applied to assess the temporal trends from 1990 to 2021.

Supporting implementation of universal prevention initiatives in K-12 schools: impacts on fidelity through organizational readiness and team functioning in a cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Rural School Support Strategies (RS3) is a bundle of implementation supports (including training, technical assistance, and a virtual learning collaborative) designed for the scale-up of universal prevention initiatives. This study addresses mechanisms of action, exploring whether positive effects of RS3 on implementation fidelity are attributable to improvements in functioning of school implementation teams, and increases in organizational readiness.

Methods: Data are from a cluster-randomized hybrid Type 3 implementation-effectiveness trial of RS3 among rural Idaho schools implementing Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS).

Alström syndrome: the journey to diagnosis.

Background: Alström syndrome (AS) is a recessively inherited genetic condition which is ultra-rare and extremely complex. Symptoms include retinal dystrophy, nystagmus, photophobia, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiomyopathy. The condition is progressive, but it is important to note that not all the complications associated with AS occur in everyone affected.

Renal failure due to rectal neoplastic polyp: McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome-a case report.

Background: McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome is an uncommon and severe disorder caused by large hypersecretory tumors located in the distal colorectal area. Excessive secretion from adenomas is an unusual clinical manifestation that leads to severe electrolyte and fluid depletion, subsequently resulting in kidney injury. Successful treatment relies on quick and cooperative decision-making for timely intervention.

The sow vaginal and gut microbiota associated with longevity and reproductive performance.

Background: Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry. Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection, little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.

Results: In this study, we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows, nine of which completed up to four parities (U4P group), exhibiting reproductive longevity.

Fabrication of promising competitive graphene nanocomposite transducer to determine Prucalopride succinate in pharmaceutical formulation and in spiked human biological fluids.

The development of a newly fabricated ion-selective electrode (ISE) solid-contacted type for the determination of prucalopride succinate represents a significant advancement in analytical chemistry, particularly in the context of green chemistry principles. The optimization process involved numerous trials to ensure the selection of a cation exchanger and ionophore that offer high sensitivity and selectivity for prucalopride succinate. Through these optimization trials, sodium tetrakis was identified as the most suitable cation exchanger, while calix [8] arene demonstrated the highest affinity towards prucalopride succinate as the ionophore.

Buprenorphine and postpartum contraception utilization among people with opioid use disorder: a multi-state analysis.

Background: The postpartum period provides an opportunity for birthing people with opioid use disorder (OUD) to consider their future reproductive health goals. However, the relationship between the use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and contraception utilization is not well understood. We used multistate administrative claims data to compare contraception utilization rates among postpartum people with OUD initiating buprenorphine (BUP) versus no medication (psychosocial services receipt without MOUD (PSY)) in the United States (US).

Effect of PCSK9 inhibitor on early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of coronary heart disease: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial in Dalian, China.

Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) is a critical determinant influencing the short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and is associated with increased mortality rates among hospitalized individuals. AIS frequently coexists with coronary heart disease (CHD), complicating treatment and leading to more severe symptoms and worse outcomes. Shared risk factors between CHD and AIS, especially elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), contribute to atherosclerosis and inflammation, which worsen brain tissue damage.

Association between the changes in the estimated glucose disposal rate and new-onset cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals: A nationwide prospective cohort study in China.

Aims: Previous studies have shown that eGDR and TyG, as indicators of insulin resistance (IR), were key risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our study further explored the relationship between eGDR change and new-onset CVD, and compared the predictive value of eGDR change, eGDR and TyG.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2895 participants without CVD at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included, using K-means clustering and cumulative eGDR to measure eGDR change between 2012 and 2015.

Biglycan-driven risk stratification in ZFTA-RELA fusion supratentorial ependymomas through transcriptome profiling.

Recent genomic studies have allowed the subdivision of intracranial ependymomas into molecularly distinct groups with highly specific clinical features and outcomes. The majority of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN) harbor ZFTA-RELA fusions which were designated, in general, as an intermediate risk tumor variant. However, molecular prognosticators within ST-EPN ZFTA-RELA have not been determined yet.

Access to robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty varies significantly by race/ethnicity.

Background: Racial/ethnic disparities in access to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been extensively demonstrated. Over the past several years, there has been a rapid increase in the utilization of robot-assisted TKA (RA-TKA). Therefore, this study sought to determine whether previously established racial/ethnic disparities extend to access to RA-TKA relative to conventional TKA.

Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation as a Treatment for High-Risk Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: A Randomized, Self-Control Study.

Background: Guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance for gastric cancer without therapeutic intervention every 3 years in patients with high-risk gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in eradicating high-risk GIM.

Methods: This randomized self-control trial was conducted between June 2020 and February 2023.

Efficacy of intermittent fasting on improving liver function in individuals with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) can be an effective dietary therapy for weight loss and improving cardiometabolic health. However, there is scant evidence regarding the role of IF on indicators of liver function, particularly in adults with metabolic disorders. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of IF on liver function in adults with metabolic disorders.

Polysomnographic titration of non-invasive ventilation in motor neurone disease (3TLA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe respiratory compromise to breathe. Most people use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible to instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established.

Uncovering potential causal genes for undiagnosed congenital anomalies using an in-house pipeline for trio-based whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Congenital anomalies (CAs) encompass a wide spectrum of structural and functional abnormalities during fetal development, commonly presenting at birth. Identifying the cause of CA is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Using a target-gene approach, genetic variants could be found in certain CA patients.

Development of an online psychological intervention to prevent depression in patients with atrial fibrillation: lessons learned in a user-centered design study.

Background: Approximately 30% of patients with atrial fibrillation suffer from depression. Depression in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with poor health outcomes, reduced health-related quality of life, and elevated societal costs. Preventing depression in this population may therefore lead to better health outcomes for the individual patient and reduced burden on society.

Tibial stem extension versus standard configuration in primary cemented total knee arthroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In order to increase the stability of tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), intramedullary stem extensions (SE) have been developed. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to address the critical knowledge gap on post-operative outcomes and complications rate comparison between tibial component with SE compared to the tibial component standard configuration (SC) in primary cemented TKA.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of online databases, including Pubmed, Embase, ISI Web of science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, using the following MeSH terms, (total knee arthroplasty) OR (TKA) OR (total knee replacement) AND (Tibial stem) OR (stem extension) OR (long stem).

Metagenomic characterization of oral microbiome signatures to predict upper gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary cancers: a case-control study.

Background: This study investigated the oral microbiome signatures associated with upper gastrointestinal (GI) and pancreaticobiliary cancers.

Methods: Saliva samples from cancer patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were analyzed using 16S rRNA-targeted sequencing, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Results: Significant dissimilarities in microbial composition were observed between cancer patients and controls across esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), biliary tract cancer (BC), and pancreatic cancer (PC) groups (R = 0.

Open-label randomised clinical trial investigating whether robot-assisted kidney transplantation can reduce surgical complications compared to open kidney transplantation (ORAKTx): study protocol for a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the ultimate treatment for end-stage kidney disease. Function of the kidney graft is not only dependent on medical factors but also on a complication-free surgical procedure. In the event of major surgical complications, the kidney graft is potentially lost and the patient will return to the waiting list which may be long.