Granulomatous inflammatory responses are elicited in the liver of PD-1 knockout mice by genome mutagenesis.

Introduction: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a negative regulator of immune responses. Upon deletion of PD-1 in mice, symptoms of autoimmunity developed only after they got old. In a model experiment in cancer immunotherapy, PD-1 was shown to prevent cytotoxic T lymphocytes from attacking cancer cells that expressed neoantigens derived from genome mutations.

Ultrasonographic assessment of optic nerve: does it help in lupus-induced optic neuropathy?

Objective: Evaluating the potential role of neuromuscular ultrasonography (NMUS) in assessing optic nerve affection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), compared with healthy controls and other conventional strategies in diagnosing optic neuropathy.

Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study comparing patients with SLE and a healthy group. We measured the optic nerve diameter (OND) and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and calculated the OND/ONSD ratio and side-to-side difference.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Prolonged Air Leak and Expansion Failure in the Lung after Resection in Patients with Pulmonary Malignancy and Predictive Value of Preoperative Quantitative Chest Computed Tomography.

Background:  The factors affecting the prolonged air leak (PAL) and expansion failure in the lung in patients undergoing resection for lung malignancy were analyzed. In this context, the value of the percentage of low attenuation area (LAA%) measured on preoperative quantitative chest computed tomography (Q-: CT) in predicting the development of postoperative PAL and the expansion time of the remaining lung (ET) in patients undergoing resection for lung malignancy was investigated.

Methods:  The data of 202 cases who underwent lung resection between July 2020 and December 2022 were analyzed.

Evaluation of Scleral Thickness in Patients With Keratoconus.

Objectives: To evaluate scleral thickness of patients with keratoconus by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two eyes of 42 patients with keratoconus (group 1) and 42 right eyes of 42 healthy individuals (group 2) were included. Scleral thickness measurements were taken with AS-OCT 6, 4, and 2 mm behind the scleral spur in four gaze positions: superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 147 cases of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: refining the immunohistochemical profile of LG-ESS on a large, molecularly confirmed series.

Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) can present diagnostic challenges, due to its overlapping morphological features with other uterine mesenchymal tumors. Misdiagnosis rates remain significant, and immunohistochemical data for LG-ESS are limited to small series and inconsistent antibody panels. This study aimed to refine the IHC profile of LG-ESS by analyzing a large, molecularly confirmed series of 147 cases using a panel of 24 antibodies, including newer markers like transgelin and smoothelin.

Comparison of perioperative analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block and transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of two regional anesthesia methods, transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and erector spinae plane (ESP) block, for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Methods: Fifty patients aged 18-80 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II scheduled for elective laparoscopic nephrectomy were included after ethical approval and informed consent. Patients were randomly assigned to either Group TAP (receiving TAP block) or Group ESP (receiving ESP block).

Fluoroscopy-guided transdiscal superior hypogastric plexus neurolytic block in chronic pelvic pain: A needle passing to the contralateral side.

The superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) contains afferent nociceptive fibers from the pelvic structures, thus the SHP block is employed in the chronic pelvic pain (CPP) treatment in patients who do not respond to conservative treatments. A 60-year-old female patient, who did not respond to conservative treatment, underwent SHP neurolytic block after a successful diagnostic block. An excessive oblique angle approach was applied due to physical restrictions, the needle passed through the intervertebral disc resulting in the contralateral side SHP block, and the procedure was also repeated to the other side SHP.

A comprehensive assessment of headache characteristics, management, and burden of migraine in comparison with tension-type headache in Türkiye: Results of a cross-sectional survey of adult patients.

Objectives: Migraine is a common cause of headache and a leading cause of morbidity in Türkiye. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and management of migraine and to compare migraine with tension-type headache (TTH) regarding the burden of disease and healthcare resource utilization.

Methods: A total of 1368 patients (aged 18-65 years) with migraine or TTH were surveyed regarding sociodemographics, headache characteristics, clinical management, disease burden, quality of life, and healthcare resource utilization within the previous 12 months.

Adipose derived stromal vascular fraction cells therapy in hemophilic arthropathy: A case report.

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous collection of cells obtained from adipose tissue through lipoaspiration and is an alter-native intraarticular treatment option, especially in osteoarthritis (OA). The anti-inflammatory and extracellular tissue repair-stimulating properties of SVF increase its effectiveness in regeneration and repair mechanisms. One of the most common symptoms of hemophilia A and B is hemophilic arthropathy (HA).

Comparison of costoclavicular and lateral sagittal infraclavicular approaches in ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block.

Objectives: Lateral sagittal infraclavicular approach is frequently used because it has less risk of complications and provides rapid and adequate regional anesthesia. Due to the fact that the brachial plexus is deeper in the infraclavicular region and the approach angle is sharper, it can be technically challenging. In this study, we aimed to compare the costoclavicular approach, which is a newly defined approach, with the lateral sagittal infraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Comparison of postoperative analgesic efficacy between erector spinae plane block and rhomboid intercostal block in breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy: A randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Objectives: Breast-conserving surgery is a common breast operation type in the world. Patients may feel severe postoperative pain after the surgery. Several regional anesthesia methods are used for postoperative pain control as a part of multimodal analgesia management after breast surgery.

Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative Conventional and Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Parameters in Living Liver Donors.

Introduction We aimed to assess whether partial hepatectomy has an influence on conventional and speckle tracking parameters on echocardiography in living liver donors in the early postoperative period. Methods This study was a retrospective study to investigate the cardiac effects of liver donation after the transplant operation in a high-volume liver transplant center. Ninety living liver donors were included in the study.

A Case of Long-Term Undiagnosed Cyclodialysis Cleft Following Tanito Microhook Trabeculotomy.

Persistent hypotony following Tanito microhook trabeculotomy (TMH) is rare but may occur due to the development of cyclodialysis clefts. We report a case of a Japanese man in his 40s who developed persistent hypotony and hypotony maculopathy after TMH in the left eye. Fourteen months after the surgery, the patient was referred to our institution due to prolonged hypotony that remained undiagnosed and untreated despite evaluations with gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at the referring clinic.

Incidence of Communicating Hydrocephalus Following Intraventricular Hemorrhage Among Adult Patients Treated at a Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction Intraventricular hemorrhage is a severe condition caused by bleeding within the brain ventricles. It is often due to trauma, tumors, vascular malformation, aneurysm, oxygen deprivation, or idiopathic. A common complication associated with intraventricular hemorrhage is hydrocephalus, which is the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles.

Evaluating efficacy and outcomes: comparison of laser treatment and crystallized phenol in pilonidal sinus disease.

Objective: The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of laser ablation and crystallized phenol application in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease, focusing on treatment success, recurrence rates, complications, and the patients' return to normal life.

Material And Method: Data from patients treated for pilonidal sinus disease with laser ablation and crystallized phenol application at our clinic between January 2020 and September 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative data including pit counts, disease stage, preoperative pilonidal abscess history, disease duration (week), treatment success, recurrence/persistent disease, postoperative complications, healing time (days), and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on postoperative days 1 and 7, as well as return to normal life (days), were analyzed.

Pharyngeal perforations after anterior cervical spinal procedures: A systematic review.

Background: Digestive system perforations after anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS), if left untreated, are life-threatening. These injuries are often categorized as pharyngoesophageal. Although the pharynx and esophagus are continuations of each other, they are two distinct anatomical structures.

Forty years of research trends in long-acting injectable antipsychotics: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Using long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics is crucial for treating psychiatric illnesses, particularly those within the schizophrenia spectrum. Through bibliometric analysis, our study aimed to provide an understanding of the changes in research trends related to LAIs over the past 40 years.

Methods: We collected the publications from 1983 to 2023 related to research studies on LAIs included in the Web of Science database.

Relationships Between the Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis Differ With Body Mass Index and Sex.

The role of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) in knee osteoarthritis is not understood. This study aimed to identify relationships between MRI-based signal abnormalities in the IPFP and measures of structural pathology and symptom severity in PFJOA, as well as investigate the influence of obesity and sex on these relationships. Seventy participants (ages 28-80) with isolated PFJOA underwent bilateral knee MRI scan acquisitions and completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

A brief examination of literature on adult cystic fibrosis: An emerging topic.

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a historically fatal childhood disease, now became a manageable adulthood disease. The transition of the disease to adulthood and the patients to adult physicians raised a new question: What is the extent of adult physicians' contributions to CF literature? We examined the data of all CF publications from Web of Sciences between 1945 and 2023. We determined the adult CF articles by searching for the term "adult" in titles.

Investigation of Cannabidiol's Protective Effects on Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Mice.

Current chelation treatments used for cadmium poisoning may cause some serious side effects. Thus, safer novel treatments could be promising for clinical use. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol on Cd toxicity.

Assessing the impact of sub-chronic polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastic exposure on male reproductive health in mice.

The widespread use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in food and beverage packaging raises concerns about its potential health effects, particularly when PET-derived nanoplastics (PET-NPs) are released into the environment. This study investigates the reproductive toxicity of PET-NPs in male mice. Mice were exposed to PET-NPs at doses of 0.

Investigation of the effect of thyroid collar, radiation safety glasses and lead apron on radiation dose in cone beam computed tomography.

Objectives: Due to the increasing use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry and considering the effects of radiation on radiosensitive organs, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shielding on absorbed dose of eyes, thyroid and breasts in scans conducted with different parameters using two different fields of view (FOV).

Methods: Dose measurements were calculated on a tissue-equivalent female phantom by repeating each scanning parameter three times and placing at least two thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) on each organ, with the averages then taken. The same CBCT scans were performed in two different FOV with shielding including thyroid collar, radiation safety glasses and lead apron and without shielding.