Creating Culturally Adapted Multilingual Materials for Research.

Patients who speak languages other than English are frequently excluded from research. This exclusion exacerbates inequities, biases results, and may violate federal regulations and research ethics. Language justice is the right to communicate in an individual's preferred language to address power imbalances and promote equity.

Momentary mechanisms of binge-eating symptoms using ecological momentary assessment: The moderating role of food addiction.

Objective: Food addiction (FA) shows phenotypic and diagnostic overlap with eating disorders characterised by binge eating, though it is unknown how momentary processes driving binge-eating symptoms differ by FA. The present study examined the possible moderating influence of FA severity on momentary mechanisms underlying binge-eating symptomatology using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Method: Adults (N = 49, mean age = 34.

Distal mechanical thrombectomy using beveled tip aspiration zoom catheters: A preliminary study.

Introduction: Distal medium vessel occlusion (DVO) thrombectomy has been shown to be efficacious with safety profiles comparable to large vessel occlusion (LVO) thrombectomy. A novel, highly-trackable, bevel-tipped Zoom 35 catheter can be used as an aspiration catheter for DVO thrombectomy.

Methods: This is a retrospective, single-arm, multi-institutional observational study evaluating the efficacy and safety of aspiration thrombectomy for DVO using the Zoom 35 catheter.

Extra-cardiac management of cardiogenic shock in the intensive care unit.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by low cardiac output leading to end-organ hypoperfusion. Organ dysoxia ranging from transient organ injury to irreversible organ failure and death occurs across all CS etiologies but differing by incidence and type. Herein, we review the recognition and management of respiratory, renal and hepatic failure complicating CS.

Air pollution from biomass burning disrupts early adolescent cortical microarchitecture development.

Exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM) represents a ubiquitous threat to human health, and particularly the neurotoxic effects of PM from multiple sources may disrupt neurodevelopment. Studies addressing neurodevelopmental implications of PM exposure have been limited by small, geographically limited samples and largely focus either on macroscale cortical morphology or postmortem histological staining and total PM mass. Here, we leverage residentially assigned exposure to six, data-driven sources of PM and neuroimaging data from the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), collected from 21 different recruitment sites across the United States.

Nano-revolution in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multidisciplinary odyssey - Are we there yet?

In this editorial we comment on the review by Zhou reviewing the landscape of nanomedicine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We focus on the immense potential of nanotechnology, particularly ligand-receptor mediated nanotherapy, in revolutionizing the treatment landscape of HCC. Despite advancements in multidisciplinary treatment, HCC remains a significant global health challenge.

Reconstruction for Congenital Absence of the Fifth Metacarpal.

We report a case of an isolated congenital absence of the right fifth metacarpal with ring and little finger syndactyly in a 6-year-old girl without other ipsilateral limb anomalies or phenotypic disorders. The patient underwent amputation of the hypoplastic right little finger with reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament of the ring finger metacarpophalangeal joint as well as hypothenar muscle transfer. She has returned to normal childhood activities without limitation at 3 months after surgery.

Clinical Characteristics of Avoidable Patient Transfers for Suspected Pediatric Appendicitis.

Introduction: Pediatric surgical care is becoming increasingly regionalized, often resulting in limited access. Interfacility transfers pose a significant financial and emotional burden to when they are potentially avoidable. Of transferred patients, we sought to identify clinical factors associated with avoidable transfers in pediatric patients with suspected appendicitis.

Towards a Remote Patient Monitoring Platform for Comprehensive Risk Evaluations for People with Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) significantly affect the lives of patients and increase the risk of hospital stays and amputation. We suggest a remote monitoring platform for better DFU care. This system uses digital health metrics (scaled from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate a greater risk of slow healing) to provide a comprehensive overview through a visual interface.

The Impact of Intraoperative Vasopressor Use and Fluid Status on Flap Survival in Traumatic Lower Extremity Reconstruction.

Background:  Historically, the use of intraoperative vasopressors during free flap lower extremity (LE) reconstruction has been proposed to adversely affect flap survival due to concerns about compromising flap perfusion. This study aims to analyze the impact of intraoperative vasopressor use and fluid administration on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing traumatic LE reconstruction.

Methods:  Patients who underwent LE free flap reconstruction between 2015 and 2023 at a Level I Trauma Center were retrospectively reviewed.

Multi-center experience with intravascular lithotripsy for treatment of severe calcification during transcarotid artery revascularization for high-risk patients.

Objective: Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) offers a safe alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA), but severe calcification is currently considered a contraindication in carotid artery stenting. This study aims to describe the safety and effectiveness of TCAR with intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) in patients with traditionally prohibitive calcific disease.

Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent TCAR+IVL from 2018-2022 at nine institutions were identified.

Anterior internal versus external fixation of unstable pelvis fractures was not associated with discharge destination, critical care, length of stay, or hospital charges.

Purpose: Determine if anterior internal versus supra-acetabular external fixation of unstable pelvic fractures is associated with care needs or discharge.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at two tertiary trauma referral centers. Adults with unstable pelvis fractures (AO/OTA 61B/61C) who received operative fixation of the anterior and posterior pelvic ring by two orthopedic trauma surgeons from October 2020 to November 2022 were included.

Maternal Urinary Fluoride and Child Neurobehavior at Age 36 Months.

Importance: Recent studies in Canadian and Mexican populations suggest an association of higher prenatal fluoride exposure with poorer neurobehavioral development, but whether this association holds for US-based populations is unknown.

Objective: To examine associations of third trimester maternal urinary fluoride (MUF) with child neurobehavior at age 3 years in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study utilized urine samples archived from 2017 to 2020 and neurobehavioral data assessed from 2020 to 2023 from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort, which consisted of predominately Hispanic women residing in Los Angeles, California.

Colorectal cancer outcomes among Hispanic/Latino patients in the United States: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This scoping review will identify the patterns of survival, treatment, and recurrence among Hispanic and/or Latino/a/x (H/L) patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) living in the United States (US) and Puerto Rico. Additionally, population- and individual-level determinants of cancer outcomes among H/L CRC patients will be mapped to highlight under-reported/under-investigated research areas.

Introduction: CRC is the third most common cancer excluding skin cancers in the US.

A mutation in the PRKAR1B gene drives pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration across species.

Protein kinase A (PKA) neuronal function is controlled by the interaction of a regulatory (R) subunit dimer with two catalytic subunits. Recently, the L50R variant in the gene encoding the RIβ subunit was identified in individuals with a novel neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanisms driving the disease phenotype remained unknown.

Advancements and future directions in positron emission tomography-guided radiotherapy: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been useful in delineating tumor volumes and allowing for improved radiation treatment. The field of PET-guided radiotherapy is rapidly growing and will have significant impact on radiotherapy delivery in the future. This narrative review provides an overview of the current state of PET-guided radiotherapy as well as the future directions of the field.

There and Back Again: A Forty-Year Perspective on Physician Nutrition Education.

Medical education faces an urgent need for evidence-based physician nutrition education. Since the publication of the 1985 National Academies report "Nutrition Education in the United States Medical Schools," little has changed. Although several key efforts sought to increase nutrition content in undergraduate medical education over the past 40 y, most medical schools still fail to include the recommended minimum of 25 h of nutrition training.

Short-term blood pressure variability and brain functional network connectivity in older adults.

Background: Blood pressure variability is increasingly linked with cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, independent of mean blood pressure levels. Elevated blood pressure variability is also associated with attenuated cerebrovascular reactivity, which may have implications for functional hyperemia underpinning brain network connectivity. It remains unclear whether blood pressure variability is related to functional network connectivity.

Vitamin B Supplementation in Psychiatric Practice.

Purpose Of Review: Vitamin B (B12, cobalamin) deficiency has been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, suggesting a role for B12 supplementation both as a treatment for psychiatric symptoms due to B12 deficiency and as an augmentation strategy for pharmacological treatments of psychiatric disorders. This critical review discusses the major causes of B12 deficiency, the range of psychiatric and non-psychiatric manifestations of B12 deficiency, the indications for testing B12 levels, and the evidence for B12 supplementation for major psychiatric disorders.

Recent Findings: We find that high-quality evidence shows no benefit to routine B12 supplementation for mild depressive symptoms or to prevent depression.

Comparison of bacterial species and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic hand infection in tropical and nontropical regions.

Hand infection is a rare complication in patients with diabetes. Its clinical outcomes depend on the severity of hand infection caused by bacteria, but the difference in bacterial species in the regional disparity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of tropical and nontropical regions on bacterial species and clinical outcomes for diabetic hand.

A Standardized Post-gastrostomy Feeding Protocol for Pediatric Patients Reduces Time to Postoperative Goal Feeding Volume.

Background: Gastrostomy creation is a common pediatric surgical procedure, but the time to initiation of feeds and to goal feeding volumes postoperatively varies greatly. Delays in reaching goal feeding volumes promote malnutrition and may prolong hospital length of stay. We hypothesized that implementing an accelerated, standardized post-gastrostomy feeding protocol would allow patients to reach goal feeding volumes sooner, without increasing postoperative complications.

From art to health action: lessons from a community-based, culturally tailored arts-meets-health educational campaign in Hispanic communities.

Introduction: Robust digital and community-led approaches are needed to combat health misinformation, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Such gaps in public health outreach, compounded by systemic health barriers, contributed to higher rates of COVID-19 infection, mortality, and mental health effects among Hispanics during the peak of the pandemic. Thus, we conducted a community-based art-meets-health intervention [Stay Connected Los Angeles (SCLA)] to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hispanic communities.

The Stress of Measuring Plantar Tissue Stress in People with Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcers: Biomechanical and Feasibility Findings from Two Prospective Cohort Studies.

Reducing high mechanical stress is imperative to heal diabetes-related foot ulcers. We explored the association of cumulative plantar tissue stress (CPTS) and plantar foot ulcer healing, and the feasibility of measuring CPTS, in two prospective cohort studies (Australia (AU) and The Netherlands (NL)). Both studies used multiple sensors to measure factors to determine CPTS: plantar pressures, weight-bearing activities, and adherence to offloading treatments, with thermal stress response also measured to estimate shear stress in the AU-study.