The effects of socioeconomic position on endogenous pain modulation: A quasi-experimental approach.

Socioeconomic Position (SEP) is a multidimensional construct encompassing education, income, occupation, and neighborhood distress, influencing chronic pain severity, interference, and duration. However, its impact on placebo analgesia, where reduced pain perception occurs due to treatment belief, remains understudied. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we investigated SEP's influence on placebo analgesia in 401 participants with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and 400 pain-free individuals.

Gaps in psychiatric care before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with depression using electronic health records.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to health services. It is unclear if there were inequalities in the continuity of mental health care in the years around the COVID-19 pandemic. We used electronic health records (EHR) to detect mental health care gaps of more than six months in psychiatric appointments across demographic and socioeconomic characteristics among patients with depression.

Best Practices in Formative Feedback in Resident Evaluations: A Narrative Review.

Background: Formative feedback is essential for the optimal development of a physician. The narrative portion of the evaluation is uniquely poised to help guide the resident. However, the quality of the feedback may be highly variable, and evaluators may be hampered by both a lack of formal training as well as time pressures.

Associations Between Peak Expiratory Flow and Community Mobility Loss Among Older Adults in the United States.

Background: Community mobility is a vital patient-centered outcome for older adults living in the community. These deficits in mobility are linked to social isolation, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality rates. Impaired pulmonary function may be a modifiable risk factor for mobility decline, with existing inequities in lung health potentially contributing disproportionately to mobility loss among Black older adults.

RiboTag RNA Sequencing Identifies Local Translation of HSP70 in Astrocyte Endfeet After Cerebral Ischemia.

Brain ischemia causes disruption in cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier integrity, which are normally maintained by astrocyte endfeet. Emerging evidence points to dysregulation of the astrocyte translatome during ischemia, but its effects on the endfoot translatome are unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the early effects of ischemia on the astrocyte endfoot translatome in a rodent cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model of stroke.

Administration of AICAR, an AMPK Activator, Prevents and Reverses Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DPN) by Regulating Mitophagy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes in both Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D). While there are no specific medications to prevent or treat DPN, certain strategies can help halt its progression. In T1D, maintaining tight glycemic control through insulin therapy can effectively prevent or delay the onset of DPN.

The PANDA score: External validation and modification of a simple upfront prediction tool for poor outcomes despite successful stroke thrombectomy.

Background: While endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has become standard of care for patients' acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), many patients still suffer profound neurological disability, also termed futile recanalization (FR). The BAND score, which incorporates baseline disability, age, stroke severity, and treatment time window, is derived as a simple tool for upfront prediction of FR prior to EVT. This study aims to externally validate the BAND score and to incorporate upfront imaging biomarkers into the prediction tool.

Flap endonuclease 1 repairs DNA-protein cross-links via ADP-ribosylation-dependent mechanisms.

DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are among the most detrimental genomic lesions. They are ubiquitously produced by formaldehyde (FA), and failure to repair FA-induced DPCs blocks chromatin-based processes, leading to neurodegeneration and cancer. The type, structure, and repair of FA-induced DPCs remain largely unknown.

Tunneled Pleural Catheters: An Effective Nonsurgical Alternative for Nonexpandable Lung in Chronic Pleural Infection.

Background: Open window thoracostomy (OTW) is the standard of care for debilitated patients with chronic pleural infection and nonexpandable lungs (NEL) who are not candidates for major surgical intervention. Tunneled pleural catheters (TPC) offer tremendous treatment potential in this setting based on their efficacy in malignant pleural effusion and NEL. We aim to assess the efficacy, safety, and health care utilization of TPC in this setting.

What is the Surgical Burden of Treatment for High-Energy Lower Extremity Trauma? A Secondary Analysis of the OUTLET Study.

Objectives: To describe and enumerate surgeries for patients who underwent reconstruction or amputation after severe distal tibia, ankle, and mid to hindfoot injuries.

Methods: Design: Secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study.

Setting: 31 U.

Celiac trunk angiography with balloon occlusion of splenic artery for diagnosis and treatment of splenic steal syndrome.

Splenic steal syndrome (SSS) post liver transplant is a potential cause of graft dysfunction in the setting of peripheral hepatic arterial bed resistance and redirection of blood flow to a dominant splenic artery resulting in reduction of hepatic arterial inflow. We report utilization of balloon occlusion of the proximal splenic artery as an objective measure to confirm the diagnosis of SSS in a patient with orthotopic liver transplant followed by successful treatment with proximal splenic artery embolization using Gelfoam and Amplatzer vascular plug. Written informed consent for the publication of this case report was obtained from the patient.

Trial of Oxygen Delivery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Major Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Low oxygen delivery (DO2) on cardiopulmonary bypass has been associated with acute kidney injury. We sought to determine the association of intraoperative DO2, postoperative length of stay, and major postoperative events.

Methods: DO2 values were calculated in 845 patients after initiation, and every 30 minutes on bypass.

Multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement in a type 2 diabetes comparative effectiveness study utilizing real-world data.

Introduction: Patient and stakeholder involvement enhances the conduct and applicability of comparative effectiveness research (CER). However, examples of engagement practices for CER leveraging real-world data (i.e.

Individualized brain radiomics-based network tracks distinct subtypes and abnormal patterns in prodromal Parkinson's disease.

Individuals in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit significant heterogeneity and can be divided into distinct subtypes based on clinical symptoms, pathological mechanisms, and brain network patterns. However, little has been done regarding the valid subtyping of prodromal PD, which hinders the early diagnosis of PD. Therefore, we aimed to identify the subtypes of prodromal PD using the brain radiomics-based network and examine the unique patterns linked to the clinical presentations of each subtype.

Correlation of Histologic Features with Gene Alterations in Pleural Mesothelioma.

Histologic features, including architectural patterns, cytologic features, and 2021 World Health Organization nuclear grade have been shown to have prognostic significance in epithelioid diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM). Biphasic and sarcomatoid DPM, regardless of morphology, have worse outcomes. These prognostic findings are well-established but correlation of architectural patterns, cytologic features, and nuclear grade with genetic alterations has not been well studied.

Fellowship by the Numbers: Surgical Fellowship Applications in the United States.

Purpose: The majority of residents pursue fellowship following training in general surgery, especially at academic medical centers. However, there is no singular body that oversees fellowship, and many aspects of fellowship remain speculative, including application and admissions. Our aim was to define the known statistics around surgical fellowships.

Impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators on enteric viral pathogens among under-5 children in low resource settings.

Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are the primary risks of exposure to enteric viral infection. Our study aimed to describe the role of WASH conditions and practices as risk factors for enteric viral infections in children under 5. Literature on the risk factors associated with all-cause diarrhea masks the taxa-specific drivers of diarrhea from specific pathogens, limiting the application of relevant control strategies.

Performance of the High-STEACS Early Rule Out Pathway Using hs-cTnT at 30 Days in a Multisite US Cohort.

Background: The High-STEACS (High-Sensitivity Troponin in the Evaluation of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome) pathway risk stratifies emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. This study aims to determine if the High-STEACS hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T) pathway can achieve the ≥99% negative predictive value (NPV) safety threshold for 30-day cardiac death or myocardial infarction (CDMI) in a multisite US cohort of patients with and without known coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: A secondary analysis of the STOP-CP (High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T [Gen 5 STAT Assay] to Optimize Chest Pain Risk Stratification) cohort, which enrolled adult emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome at 8 US sites (January 25, 2017-September 6, 2018).

Advancing Monogenic Diabetes Research and Clinical Care by Creating a Data Commons: The Precision Diabetes Consortium (PREDICT).

Monogenic diabetes mellitus (MDM) is a group of relatively rare disorders caused by pathogenic variants in key genes that result in hyperglycemia. Lack of identified cases, along with absent data standards, and limited collaboration across institutions have hindered research progress. To address this, the UChicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry (UCMDMR) and UChicago Data for the Common Good (D4CG) created a national consortium of MDM research institutions called the PREcision DIabetes ConsorTium (PREDICT).

Malnutrition in adult patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A descriptive cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate malnutrition and its association with outcomes in adult patients requiring venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods: Patients cannulated for VA ECMO between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2023, were screened. Patients on ECMO for <48 hours or without a nutritional evaluation were excluded.

Preoperative medication management turnkey order set for nonemergent adult cardiac surgery.

Objective: The management of preoperative medications is an essential component of perioperative care for the cardiac surgical patient. This turnkey order set is part of a series created by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Cardiac Society, first presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery in 2023. Numerous guidelines and expert consensus documents have been published to provide guidance in preoperative medication management.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) cardiac turnkey order set for perioperative pain management in cardiac surgery: Proceedings from the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) ERAS Conclave 2023.

Objective: Optimal perioperative pain management is an essential component of perioperative care for the cardiac surgical patient. This turnkey order set is part of a series created by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Cardiac Society, first presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery in 2023. Several guidelines and expert consensus documents have been published to provide guidance on pain management and opioid reduction in cardiac surgery.

Better mental health and fewer depressive symptoms are associated with greater psychological resilience after hip fracture.

Background: High psychological resilience is associated with improved functional outcomes for older adults recovering from hip fracture. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with increased psychological resilience in older women after hip fracture.

Methods: 129 women aged ≥65 years with recent surgically-repaired hip fracture were enrolled in a trial of exercise and testosterone therapy.