Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in overcoming chemotherapy resistance in cancer.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally and a major health burden, with chemotherapy often serving as the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage disease, partially compensating for the limitations of non-curative treatments. However, the emergence of chemotherapy resistance significantly limits its efficacy, posing a major clinical challenge. Moreover, heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms across cancer types complicates the development of universally effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Early psilocybin intervention alleviates behavioral despair and cognitive impairment in stressed Wistar rats.

Chronic stress exerts profound effects on mental health, contributing to disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This study examines the potential of psilocybin to alleviate behavioral despair and cognitive deficits in a rodent model of chronic stress, focusing on the interplay between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). Twenty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and stress groups.

Influencers in Policy Fields on Social Media: Global Longitudinal Study of Dietary Sodium Reduction Posts, 2006-2022.

Background: Excessive sodium intake is a major concern for global public health. Despite multiple dietary guidelines, population sodium intakes are above recommended levels. Lack of health literacy could be one contributing issue and contemporary health literacy is largely shaped by social media.

Bringing Pandemic Science to the Classroom: Building Public Health Capacity at a Rural Kentucky High School.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a multidisciplinary team at the University of Kentucky developed an interdisciplinary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and environmental health unit-the Wastewater Assessment for Coronavirus in Kentucky: Implementing Enhanced Surveillance Technology (WACKIEST) Unit-for high school students in summer 2022. This case study outlines the WACKIEST Unit, which focused on wastewater surveillance and COVID-19, the obstacles faced during development and recruitment, and implementation of the WACKIEST Unit in conjunction with a rural wastewater surveillance initiative. The unit was implemented in spring 2023 at a rural high school in Kentucky, spanning 12 days and engaging 190 students.

KPRR: a novel machine learning approach for effectively capturing nonadditive effects in genomic prediction.

Nonadditive genetic effects pose significant challenges to traditional genomic selection methods for quantitative traits. Machine learning approaches, particularly kernel-based methods, offer promising solutions to overcome these limitations. In this study, we developed a novel machine learning method, KPRR, which integrated a polynomial kernel into ridge regression to effectively capture nonadditive genetic effects.

Spanning three decades: global research wave and future prospects of broader autism phenotype-a visual researches by CiteSpace and VOS viewer.

Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the broader autism phenotype, the paper endeavors to delineate the key research directions and topics, document the current research trends, and furnish insightful analyses and novel perspectives to foster future advancements in the field, with the aid of CiteSpace and VOS viewer.

Methods: CiteSpace and VOS viewer are two kinds of software for visualizing citations that is intended to examine academic literature and identify possible sources of knowledge. The Web of Science Core Collection database was used to retrieve articles from 1994 to 2024 that discussed the autism phenotype in general.

Plasma fibronectin is a prognostic biomarker of disability in Parkinson's disease: a prospective, multicenter cohort study.

In a prospective longitudinal study with 218 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in the discovery cohort and 84 in the validation cohort, we aimed to identify novel blood biomarkers predicting disability milestones in PD. Through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator-Cox (Lasso-Cox) regression, developed nomogram predictive model and Linear mixed-effects models, we identified low level of plasma fibronectin (pFN) as one of the best-performing risk markers in predicting disability milestones. A low level of pFN was associated with a short milestone-free survival period in PD.

Advancements in : probiotic characteristics, gene editing technologies and applications.

The exploration of microorganisms in fermented products has become a pivotal area of scientific research, primarily due to their widespread availability and profound potential to improve human health. Among these, (formerly known as ) stands out as a versatile lactic acid bacterium, prevalent across diverse ecological niches. Its appeal extends beyond its well-documented probiotic benefits to include the remarkable plasticity of its genome, which has captivated both scientific and industrial stakeholders.

Technical and Biological Biases in Bulk Transcriptomic Data Mining for Cancer Research.

Cancer research has been significantly advanced by the integration of transcriptomic data through high-throughput sequencing technologies like RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). This paper reviews the transformative impact of transcriptomics on understanding cancer biology, focusing on the use of extensive datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). While transcriptomic data provides crucial insights into gene expression patterns and disease mechanisms, the analysis is fraught with technical and biological biases.

Mechanism insights into customized 2D nanoconfined catalyst via peroxymonosulfate activation for efficient sulfamethoxazole degradation: Key roles of electronic structure and non-radical pathway.

The technology to solve the problem of the efficient pollutant removal in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was the ultimate goal. There was an urgent need to achieving higher catalytic activity and oxidation efficiency. Herein, we present a MgAl-based layered double hydroxide assembled as a 2D confined catalyst (MgAl-Co-LDH) with Co metal in chelated form (Co-EDTA) for highly efficient PMS activation degrading sulfamethoxazole (SMX).

Automate cancer synoptic reporting with HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and JavaScript.

Objectives: The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Cancer Protocols are developed to facilitate cancer synoptic reporting. CAP offers these Cancer Protocols in both free printable and commercially licensed electronic formats. Several academic institutions have also implemented these Cancer Protocols as web-based services.

Improved bacterial cellulose production by Acetobacter oryzoeni MGC-N8819 in tobacco waste extract coupled with nicotine removal by Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q/5∆.

As the substrate, tobacco waste extract (TWE) can produce bacterial cellulose (BC), a biobased material. However, nicotine inhibits BC production (adding 0.8 g/L nicotine to the HS medium had a negative effect on BC synthesis) and needs to be removed.

Construction of chitosan hydrochloride-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles using anti-solvent method for the co-delivery of puerarin and resveratrol.

The applications of resveratrol (RES) and puerarin (PUE) with notable physiological functions are greatly limited in functional food and pharmaceutical industries due to their poor water solubility and chemical instability. Accordingly, co-loading of RES and PUE into chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) is performed here by an anti-solvent method to improve their bioavailability. The fabricated NPs at 8:1 mass ratio of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) with the particle size of 375.

Assessment of Chicken Fecal Contamination Using Microbial Source Tracking (MST) and Environmental DNA (eDNA) Profiling in Silway River, Philippines.

The Silway River has historically failed to meet safe fecal coliform levels due to improper waste disposal. The river mouth is located in General Santos City, the tuna capital of the Philippines and a leading producer of hogs, cattle, and poultry. The buildup of contaminants due to direct discharge of waste from chicken farms and existing water quality conditions has led to higher fecal matter in the Silway River.

Three-Dimensional Printing of Bioinspired Hierarchical Structures for Enhanced Fog Collection Efficiency in 3D Space via Vat Photopolymerization.

Collecting fog water is crucial for dry areas since natural moisture and fog are significant sources of freshwater. Sustainable and energy-efficient water collection systems can take a page out of the cactus's playbook by mimicking its native fog gathering process. Inspired by the unique geometric structure of the cactus spine, we fabricated a bioinspired artificial fog collector consisting of cactus spines featuring barbs of different sizes and angles on the surfaces for water collection and a series of microcavities within microchannels inspired by Nepenthes Alata on the bottom to facilitate water flowing to the reservoir.

A pilot evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5 for multiple sclerosis from case reports.

The limitation of artificial intelligence (AI) large language models to diagnose diseases from the perspective of patient safety remains underexplored and potential challenges, such as diagnostic errors and legal challenges, need to be addressed. To demonstrate the limitations of AI, we used ChatGPT-3.5 developed by OpenAI, as a tool for medical diagnosis using text-based case reports of multiple sclerosis (MS), which was selected as a prototypic disease.

Central regulation of drinking water in divergently selected high-water-efficient young broiler chickens: A minireview.

Poultry production is confronting real challenges, including a lofty projected high demand for animal proteins to feed the future, and the need to adapt to planetary boundaries (global warming) with limited natural resources (land, energy, water). Among the most challenging stressors to poultry production sustainability are heat stress (HS) and water uncertainty, that need extensive fundamental and applied research to identify effective strategies. In that regard, our group has recently developed a high-water-efficient broiler (meat-type) chicken line using water conversion ratio (WCR) as a phenotypic trait and defined the hypothalamic molecular mechanisms controlling drinking water under heat stress conditions.

Exogenous acetate attenuates inflammatory responses through HIF-1α-dependent glycolysis regulation in macrophage.

Cytokine storm is a hallmark for acute systemic inflammatory disease like sepsis. Intrinsic microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) like acetate modulates immune cell function and metabolism has been well studied. However, it remains poorly investigated about the effects and the underlying mechanism of exogenous acetate in acute inflammation like sepsis.

Vasorelaxant effect of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) extracts on rat mesenteric arteries: Assessment of phytochemical profiling and antioxidant potential.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hypertension is a serious health problems and a leading cause of adult mortality worldwide. Foeniculum. vulgare Mill, a plant traditionally used for various ailments, including cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension.

Hydration and Antibiofouling Behavior of Zwitterionic Polycarboxybetaine-Grafted Surfaces Studied with Atomistic Simulations.

Fouling-resistant coating materials have important applications in marine industry and biomedicine. Zwitterionic carboxybetaine polymers have demonstrated robust antibiofouling functionalities in experiments. In this work, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the molecular mechanism of hydration and antibiofouling of poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (polyCBAA) brush surfaces.

An unusual case of varicella zoster encephalitis mimicking a glioblastoma on magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The authors report a case of varicella zoster encephalitis, mimicking a glioblastoma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). The limitations of MRI/MRS, may lead to delayed treatment with antiviral agents, which can result in increased morbidity and mortality. The possibility of viral encephalitis should remain in the differential diagnosis of all patients presenting with headaches and confusion, even when imaging results are indicative of a neoplastic process.

The Relationship Between Substance Abuse Proclivity and Spiritual Well-Being Levels of University Students in Türkiye.

Focusing on young adults constituting the most vulnerable and risky group regarding substance abuse, the present study was carried out in order to examine the relationship between the spiritual well-being levels of university students and their substance abuse proclivity. Having a descriptive and cross sectional design, this study was completed with 250 students studying at a Vocational High School of a university in Türkiye during the academic year 2021-2022. The data collection process was carried out by using the "Personal Information Form," the "Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)," and the "Substance Use Tendency Scale (SAPS).

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a systematic transaction model-guided dyadic coping nursing intervention for patients with breast cancer and their spousal caregivers: A pilot study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a Systematic Transaction Model (STM)-guided dyadic coping nursing intervention for patients with breast cancer and their spouses.

Methods: A single-arm, pre-test/post-test pilot study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Wuxi, China, recruiting 28 breast cancer patient-caregiver pairs. Each dyad participated in six hybrid intervention sessions.

Fishery and ecology-related knowledge about plants among fishing communities along Laguna Lake, Philippines.

Background: Ethnobotanical knowledge about plant roles in fisheries is crucial for sustainable resource management. Local ecological knowledge helps understand dynamics of the lake ecosystem. Fishers use plants based on availability and characteristics while adapting to the changes in the environment.