Assessing the impact of limited and extended oven heating exposure on the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of wheat-processed products with varying formulations.

This study aims to assess the effects of oven heating on the isotopic ratios of eight formulated wheat-processed products with different gluten-to-starch ratios. Two heating treatments were applied: limited heating in an oven with exposure to 100 °C for a specific time (cooking time-dependent) and extended heating in an oven with exposure to 100 °C, 180 °C and 260 °C for 6 min. Results showed limited heating exposure did not alter the δH and δO in the wheat-processed products.

Identification of druggable targets from the interactome of the Androgen Receptor and Serum Response Factor pathways in prostate cancer.

Background: The Androgen Receptor (AR) pathway is crucial in driving the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to an advanced state. Despite the introduction of second-generation AR antagonists, such as enzalutamide, majority of patients develop resistance. Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified, including the constitutive activation of the AR pathway, the emergence of AR spliced variants, and the influence of other signalling pathways.

Harmonizing Dietary Exposure of Adult and Older Individuals: A Methodological Work of the Collaborative PROMED-COG Pooled Cohorts Study.

The PROtein-enriched MEDiterranean diet to combat undernutrition and promote healthy neuroCOGnitive ageing in older adults (PROMED-COG) is a European project that investigates the role of nutritional status on neurocognitive ageing. This methodological paper describes the harmonization process of dietary data from four Italian observational studies (Pro.V.

Drug therapy versus placebo or usual care for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest; a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: In Europe, approximately 291,000 cardiac arrests occur annually. Despite critical care therapy, hospital mortality remains high. This systematic review assessed whether, in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, any drug therapy, compared to placebo or usual care, improves outcomes.

Molecular landscape of the overlap between Alzheimer's disease and somatic insulin-related diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its etiology. Previous evidence has implicated disturbed insulin signaling as a key mechanism that plays a role in both neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and comorbid somatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). In this study, we analysed available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of AD and somatic insulin-related diseases and conditions (SID), i.

Combined bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide for treating people with HIV: a plain language summary of the BICSTaR study up to 1 year.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of an article about an ongoing study called the BICSTaR study.The BICSTaR study includes people with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) who are taking a medicine called bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (shortened to B/F/TAF). B/F/TAF is a single tablet that contains 3 different drugs for the treatment of HIV.

The International Breakfast Research Initiative-Evaluation and Comparison of Breakfast Nutrient Intakes in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines with a View to Proposing a Harmonised Nutrient-Based Breakfast Recommendation.

The International Breakfast Research Initiative is a global study of breakfast nutrition, involving 17 countries in four continents, aiming to derive nutrient-based regional recommendations for breakfast. This study aimed to propose a harmonised recommendation for three South-East Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. For each country, data from nationally representative dietary surveys on the contribution of breakfast to daily nutrient intakes at both the adult population level and at the level of the upper tertile of daily nutrient density using the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) Index were collated and examined.

Pre-diagnostic plasma advanced glycation end-products and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products and mortality in colorectal cancer patients.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), formed endogenously or obtained exogenously from diet, may contribute to chronic inflammation, intracellular signaling alterations, and pathogenesis of several chronic diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of AGEs in CRC survival is less known. The associations of pre-diagnostic circulating AGEs and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) with CRC-specific and overall mortality were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression among 1369 CRC cases in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Proline Analogues.

Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures.

Labrafac MC60 is an efficacious intestinal permeation enhancer for macromolecules: Comparisons with Labrasol® ALF in ex vivo and in vivo rat studies.

Labrafac™ MC60 (glycerol monocaprylocaprate) is a lipid-based excipient used in oral formulations as a solubiliser. Due to the high proportions of established permeability enhancers, caprylate (C) and caprate (C), in Labrafac™ MC60, we hypothesised that it might behave as an intestinal permeation enhancer. We therefore evaluated this using two paracellular markers (ex vivo) and insulin (in vivo) as model molecules.

Longitudinal multi-omics analysis of host microbiome architecture and immune responses during short-term spaceflight.

Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes. However, documenting microbial shifts during spaceflight has been difficult due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling and profiling. Here we executed a six-month longitudinal study to quantify the high-resolution human microbiome response to three days in orbit for four individuals.

Harnessing the melanocortin system in the control of food intake and glucose homeostasis.

The central and peripheral melanocortin system, comprising of five receptors and their endogenous ligands, is responsible for a wide array of physiological functions such as skin pigmentation, sexual function and development, and inflammation. A growing body of both clinical and pre-clinical research is demonstrating the relevance of this system in metabolic health. Disruption of hypothalamic melanocortin signalling is the most common cause of monogenic obesity in humans.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib for alopecia areata: A retrospective cohort study of 202 patients.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disorder characterised by collapse of hair follicle immune privilege and mediated by autoreactive CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Treatment is often unsatisfactory. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of AA and Janus Kinase inhibitor (JAKi) medications are promising emerging treatments for AA.

Calibration of citrus intake assessed by food frequency questionnaires using urinary proline betaine in an observational study setting.

Background: Whether observational study can be employed to establish calibration equations for self-reported dietary intake using food biomarkers is unknown.

Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining calibration equations based on food biomarkers and 7-d diet records (7DDRs) to correct measurement errors of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in an observational study setting.

Methods: The study population consisted of 669 males and 749 females from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Studies.

An update on topical therapies for psoriasis.

Purpose Of Review: Topical therapies are a mainstay of treatment for mild psoriasis and may be a useful adjunct in treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This review summarizes recent advances in topical therapies for psoriasis and currently available treatments.

Recent Findings: Topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators (tapinarof) and topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (roflumilast) have been proven effective in randomized controlled trials for psoriasis.

Effects of cold plasma pretreatment combined with sodium periodate on property enhancement of dialdehyde starch prepared using native maize starch.

This study represents the inaugural investigation into the effect of cold plasma (CP) pretreatment combined with sodium periodate on the preparation of dialdehyde starch (DAS) from native maize starch and its consequent effects on the properties of DAS. The findings indicate that the maize starch underwent etching by the plasma, leading to an increase in the particle size of the starch, which in turn weakened the rigid structure of the starch and reduced its crystallinity. Concurrently, the plasma treatment induced cleavage of the starch molecular chain, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of the starch and an enhancement of its fluidity.