Pathologic Substrates of Structural Brain Network Resilience and Topology in Parkinson Disease Decedents.

Background And Objectives: In Parkinson disease (PD), α-synuclein spreading through connected brain regions leads to neuronal loss and brain network disruptions. With diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), it is possible to capture conventional measures of brain network organization and more advanced measures of brain network resilience. We aimed to investigate which neuropathologic processes contribute to regional network topologic changes and brain network resilience in PD.

Clinical use of [F]fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine PET co-registered with MRI for localizing prolactinoma remnants.

Purpose: To assess the utility of [F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine PET co-registered with magnetic resonance imaging ([F]FET-PET/MRI) in patients with difficult-to-localize prolactinoma to inform clinical decision-making and (surgical) treatment planning.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 17 consecutive patients with prolactinoma undergoing [F]FET-PET/MRI between October 2020 and September 2022 for either (1) additional information in case of difficult-to-visualize remnants after prior transsphenoidal surgery (TSS), or pharmacological treatment, or (2) radiological diagnosis in absence of a (clear) adenoma on diagnostic/post-treatment conventional MRI.

Results: [F]FET-PET/MRI identified a lesion in 14/17 patients, yet failed to identify active lesions in 2 patients with negative conventional MRI despite prolactin > 7.

Pediatric to adult transition care in neurogastroenterology and motility: A position paper from the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.

Transition services-programs that support adolescents and young adults (AYAs) as they move from a child-centered to a more autonomous, adult-orientated healthcare system-have been associated with improved short- and long-term healthcare outcomes. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of evidence exploring transition services within the neurogastroenterology and motility (NGM) field. The overall aim of this article, endorsed by the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, is to promote a discussion about the role of transition services for patients with NGM disorders.

Advancing COVID-19 diagnostics: rapid detection of intact SARS-CoV-2 using viability RT-PCR assay.

Unlabelled: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Commonly used methods for both clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and management of infected patients involve the detection of viral RNA, but the presence of infectious virus particles is unknown. Viability PCR (v-PCR) uses a photoreactive dye to bind non-infectious RNA, ideally resulting in the detection of RNA only from intact virions.

Accumulation of airborne microplastics on leaves of different tree species in the urban environment.

Microplastics (MPs) are omnipresent in the environment and they are linked to ecosystem and human health problems. The atmospheric transport of MPs and the role of tree leaves in MP atmospheric deposition has not been adequately studied. MP concentrations on the leaves of different tree species in urban regions of the Netherlands and Portugal, along with related MP deposition, were investigated in this study.

Characteristics, consent patterns, and challenges of randomized trials using the Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) design - A scoping review.

Objectives: Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) is a pragmatic design approach that may overcome frequent challenges of traditional randomized trials such as slow recruitment, burdensome consent procedures, or limited external validity. This scoping review aims to identify all randomized controlled trials using the TwiCs design and to summarize their design characteristics, ways to obtain informed consent, output, reported challenges and mitigation strategies.

Study Design And Setting: Systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane, trial registries and citation tracking up to December 2022.

CSF glial biomarkers are associated with cognition in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We examined whether baseline glial markers soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (sTREM2), chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma GFAP are associated with cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 353 CU (mean age 60.9 years) participants were included (mean follow-up time 3.

Advancements in APOE and dementia research: Highlights from the 2023 AAIC Advancements: APOE conference.

Introduction: The apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is an established central player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with distinct apoE isoforms exerting diverse effects. apoE influences not only amyloid-beta and tau pathologies but also lipid and energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, cerebral vascular health, and sex-dependent disease manifestations. Furthermore, ancestral background may significantly impact the link between APOE and AD, underscoring the need for more inclusive research.

Comparing the haemodynamic effects of high- and low-dose opioid anaesthesia: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Post-induction hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) occurs frequently and is usually caused by the cardiovascular adverse effects of the anaesthetic induction drugs used. We hypothesize that a clinically significant difference in the incidence and severity of hypotension will be found when different doses of propofol and remifentanil are used for induction of anaesthesia.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial wherein four groups (A-D) of patients received one out of four different combinations of propofol and remifentanil, titrated to a predicted equipotency in probability of tolerance to laryngoscopy (PTOL) according to the Bouillon interaction model.

Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure Who Develop Atrial Fibrillation or Convert to Sinus Rhythm.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in acute heart failure (AHF), with a prevalence of approximately 35%. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics and outcomes of in-hospital conversion from AF to sinus rhythm and vice versa.

Methods: In a post hoc secondary analysis of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled PROTECT trial in patients with AHF, we identified 4 groups of patients: AF at admission and in-hospital conversion to sinus rhythm (n = 44); in-hospital development of AF (n = 31); persistent AF (n = 278); and continuous sinus rhythm (n = 410).

Unprecedented Diversity of the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 70: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sequence, Structure, and Function.

The glycoside hydrolase family 70 (GH70) contains bacterial extracellular multidomain enzymes, synthesizing α-glucans from sucrose or starch-like substrates. A few dozen have been biochemically characterized, while crystal structures cover only the core domains and lack significant parts of auxiliary domains. Here we present a systematic overview of GH70 enzymes and their 3D structural organization and bacterial origin.

Atosiban versus placebo in the treatment of threatened preterm birth between 30 and 34 weeks gestation: study protocol of the 4-year APOSTEL 8 follow-up.

Introduction: Currently, the majority of women worldwide with threatened preterm birth are treated with tocolytics. Although tocolytics can effectively delay birth for 48 hours, no tocolytic drug has convincingly been shown to improve neonatal outcomes and effects on long-term child development are unknown. The aim of this follow-up study of a placebo controlled randomised trial is to investigate the long-term effects of atosiban administration in case of threatened preterm birth on child's neurodevelopment and behaviour development, overall health and mortality.

Postprandial Plasma and Whole Blood Amino Acids Are Largely Indicative of Dietary Amino Acids in Adult Dogs Consuming Diets with Increasing Whole Pulse Ingredient Inclusion.

Background: Pulse ingredients often replace grains in grain-free dog diets owing to their high-protein content. However, research to ascertain the benefit of this modification is limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to correlate food compounds in 1 corn-inclusive control diet and 3 grain-free diets with increasing inclusions of whole pulses (≤45%; Pulse15, Pulse30, and Pulse45), formulated to meet similar macronutrient and micronutrient targets with postprandial amino acids (AAs) in healthy dogs >20 wk.

Promoting healthy sleep in 0-2-year-old infants: a study protocol for the development and mixed method evaluation of a sleep health program tailored to Dutch youth healthcare regions.

Background: Sleep problems are common among infants and can have a serious impact on the health and wellbeing of both child and parents. To sustainably promote infant sleep on a population level, it is necessary to develop evidence-based programs that can be implemented on a large scale. The Youth Health Care setting, with its focus on prevention, child health promotion and services widely available for parents, can be a suitable setting to do so.

Temporal changes in CT-derived fractional flow reserve in patients after heart transplantation.

Background: Adding functional information by CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRct) to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and assessing its temporal change may provide insight into the natural history and physiopathology of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in heart transplantation (HTx) patients. We assessed FFRct changes as well as CAV progression over a 2-year period in HTx patients undergoing serial CT imaging.

Methods: HTx patients from Erasmus MC and Mount Sinai Hospital, who had consecutive CCTAs 2 years apart were evaluated.