Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Gait performance has been found to be an effective method for screening cognitive impairment in elderly. Nevertheless, the efficacy of utilizing gait speed as a marker for monitoring cognitive changes remains incompletely substantiated.

Method: From 2021 to 2023, we recruited 104 participants from the memory clinic of Cardinal Tien Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.

Determinants of outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-decompensated cirrhosis.

The role of pre-treatment HBV DNA levels on the prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis is unclear. This study investigated the effects of pre-treatment HBV DNA and other determinants on short-term and long-term survival of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with decompensated cirrhosis. A total of 278 cirrhotic decompensated CHB patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were retrospectively enrolled.

Impact of DNA Ligase 1 Genotypes on Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Background/aim: Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair mechanisms can modulate overall DNA repair capacity, potentially influencing individual susceptibility to cancer. This study investigated the relationship between polymorphic variations in DNA ligase 1 and the risk of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (cALL).

Materials And Methods: The genotypes of DNA ligase 1 rs20579 were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis.

Contribution of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A Genotypes to Childhood Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Risk in Taiwan.

Background/aim: The disruption of cell-cycle control can lead to an imbalance in cell proliferation, often accompanied by genomic instability, which in turn can facilitate carcinogenesis. This study aimed to examine the impact of CDKN1A rs1801270 and rs1059234 polymorphisms on the risk of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in Taiwan.

Materials And Methods: The genotypes of CDKN1A rs1801270 and rs1059234 in 266 childhood ALL cases and 266 controls were determined using PCR-RFLP techniques.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide accelerates osteoporosis by PERK activation of ATF5 unfolding.

Imbalances in gut microbiota and their metabolites have been implicated in osteoporotic disorders. Trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of L-carnitine produced by gut microorganisms and flavin-containing monooxygenase-3, is known to accelerate tissue metabolism and remodeling; however, its role in bone loss remained unexplored. This study investigates the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis, TMAO production, and osteoporosis development.

The Potential of Co-Fermentation with and for the Production of Low-Alcohol Craft Beer.

The potential health impacts of moderate alcohol consumption have long been debated. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened public awareness of health concerns, creating a clear market opportunity for low-alcohol craft beer development. This study investigated the possibility of low-alcohol craft beer by co-fermentation with different ratios of () and (SC) according to the established quality indexes.

Exosomal MALAT1 from Rapid Electrical Stimulation-Treated Atrial Fibroblasts Enhances Sox-6 Expression by Downregulating miR-499a-5p.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Rapid electrical stimulation (RES) of atrial fibroblasts plays a crucial role in AF pathogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the regulatory axis involving MALAT1, miR-499a-5p, and SOX6 in human cardiac fibroblasts from adult atria (HCF-aa) under RES conditions.

Cobalt-Based ZIF Composite Membranes: In Situ Defect Engineering for Enhanced Water Stability and Gas Separation.

Porous coordination polymers with excellent molecular sieving ability, high dispersibility, and good compatibility with engineered polymer matrices hold promise for various industrial applications, such as gas separation and battery separators. Here, an in situ defect engineering approach is proposed for highly processable cobalt (Co)-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with enhanced molecular sieving ability and water stability. By varying alkylamine (AA) modulators, the pore structures and textural properties of ZIFs can be fine-tuned.

Protocol to measure glucose utilization in mouse tissues using radiolabeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a glucose analog converted to 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate (2DG-6P) by hexokinase in glycolysis. While 2DG commonly measures glucose uptake, 2DG-6P detects glucose utilization. Here, we present a protocol to measure glucose utilization in various tissues after entering a mouse's body using radiolabeled 2DG.

Exploring the Effects of Tomatidine ((3β, 5α, 22β, and 25β)-Spirosolan-3-ol) on Voltage-gated Na+ currents: Insights Into Its Ionic Mechanisms of Action on Current Magnitude, Gating, and Frequency Dependence.

Tomatidine, a major tomato glycoalkaloid, is effective for the prevention of skeletal muscle wasting and enhancing mitophagy. However, its effects on transmembrane ionic currents are not well explored. In this study, we explored the interactions between tomatidine and Na+ current.

Combining moderate dosage of Bevacizumab with TAS-102 provides longer progression-free time in refractory metastatic colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of moderate doses of bevacizumab in combination with TAS-102 for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: A total of 261 patients with refractory mCRC were enrolled and categorized into two groups: TAS-102 combined with bevacizumab and TAS-102 alone. Patients in the bevacizumab combination group were divided into two subgroups based on a median dose of 3.

Taurine Protects Irinotecan-induced Muscle Dysfunction by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Background/aim: Irinotecan is a key component of standard first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. However, irinotecan-induced muscle dysfunction is a contributing factor to cancer cachexia. Here, we present the protective effect of taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid with great antioxidant properties, in attenuating muscle dysfunction induced by irinotecan.

Zingerone Facilitates Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Inducing Autophagy.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high heterogenicity and aggressiveness and autophagy plays a complicated role in cancer development. Zingerone is reported to possess multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumors. This study explored the biological role and the relevant mechanisms of zingerone in TNBC.

Monitoring and Treatment of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria in Patients with Aplastic Anemia in Asia: An Expert Consensus.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clones can be identified in a significant proportion of patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Screening for PNH clones at the time of an AA diagnosis is recommended by national and international guidelines. In this report, an expert panel of physicians discusses current best practices and provides recommendations for managing PNH in patients with AA in the Asia-Pacific region.

Intrathecal lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors FX11 and oxamate alleviate chronic constriction injury-induced nociceptive sensitization through neuroinflammation and angiogenesis.

Background: Neuropathic pain involves neuroinflammation and upregulation of glycolysis in the central nervous system. Unfortunately, few effective treatments are available for managing this type of pain. The overactivation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an essential enzyme in glycolysis, can cause neuroinflammation and nociception.

Synergistic antiviral potential of N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammoniumchitosan-functionalized silver nanoparticles with oseltamivir against influenza A viruses.

This study introduced a novel antiviral approach by combining three substances with different antiviral mechanisms: N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammoniumchitosan (HTC), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and oseltamivir. First, positively surface-charged AgNPs were prepared using an environmentally friendly method. The surfaces of these AgNPs were capped with cationic quaternary chitosan HTC.

Assessment of risk factors for virological nonsuppression following switch to dolutegravir and lamivudine, or bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in a real-world cohort of treatment-experienced adults living with HIV.

Conflicting data exists regarding the baseline determinants of virological nonsuppression outcomes in treatment-experienced people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) switching to antiretroviral treatment (ART) with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) or dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) in Asia. This retrospective observational study, conducted at a designated HIV-care hospital from October 2019 to January 2023, aimed to address this gap. We assessed the odds of virological nonsuppression (VNS) at weeks 48 using logistic regression.

Interrogation of the interplay between DNA N6-methyladenosine (6mA) and hypoxia-induced chromatin accessibility by a randomized empirical model (EnrichShuf).

N 6-Methyladenosine (6mA) is an epigenetic mark in eukaryotes regulating development, stress response and tumor progression. METTL4 has been reported as a 6mA methyltransferase induced by hypoxia. The detection and annotation of 6mA signals in mammalian cells have been hampered by the techniques and analytical methods developed so far.

Sensitive Detection of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning via N-Salicylaldehyde Naphthyl Thiourea Probe and Investigation into Detoxification Scavengers.

Sulfur mustard (SM), a blister agent and toxic chemical warfare compound, leads to injuries in the skin, eyes, and lungs, with early diagnosis being difficult because of its incubation period. Developing scavengers for sulfur mustard (SM) and its simulant, 2-chloroethylsulfide (CEES), is essential due to the severe and long-lasting toxic effects these compounds have on the human body. Existing scavengers like cysteine, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), and sodium thiosulfate cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), rendering them ineffective for detoxifying SM in the brain and highlighting the need for lipophilic scavengers.

A phase III study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of fasinumab in patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee or hip.

Background: Pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) is frequently disabling; treatments are often ineffective or intolerable. Fasinumab selectively inhibits nerve-growth factor and has shown efficacy for the management of OA pain.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase III safety study, patients with moderate-to-severe OA pain and history of inadequate pain relief received placebo or fasinumab (at 1, 3, 6, and 9 ​mg every 4 weeks [Q4W] and 1 and 6 ​mg every 8 weeks [Q8W] for 52 weeks).

Glofitamab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GemOx) versus rituximab-GemOx for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (STARGLO): a global phase 3, randomised, open-label trial.

Background: Glofitamab monotherapy induces durable remission in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after two or more previous therapies, but has not previously been assessed as a second-line therapy. We investigated the efficacy and safety of glofitamab plus gemcitabine-oxaliplatin (Glofit-GemOx) versus rituximab (R)-GemOx in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Methods: The phase 3, randomised, open-label STARGLO trial was done at 62 centres in 13 countries in Asia and Australia, Europe, and North America.