Advancing the Safety, Health, and Well-Being of Commercial Driving Teams Who Sleep in Moving Semi-Trucks: The Tech4Rest Pilot Study.

Objective: To test the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of engineering and behavioral interventions to improve the sleep, health, and well-being of team truck drivers (dyads) who sleep in moving semi-trucks.

Methods: Drivers (n = 16) were exposed to Condition A: a new innerspring mattress, and Condition B: a novel therapeutic mattress. A subsample of drivers (n = 8) were also exposed to Condition C: use of their preferred mattress (all chose to keep B), switching to an active suspension driver's seat, and completing a behavioral sleep-health program.

A Pituitary Society update to acromegaly management guidelines.

Guidelines and consensus statements ensure that physicians managing acromegaly patients have access to current information on evidence-based treatments to optimize outcomes. Given significant novel recent advances in understanding acromegaly natural history and individualized therapies, the Pituitary Society invited acromegaly experts to critically review the current literature in the context of Endocrine Society guidelines and Acromegaly Consensus Group statements. This update focuses on how recent key advances affect treatment decision-making and outcomes, and also highlights the likely role of recently FDA-approved therapies as well as novel combination therapies within the treatment armamentarium.

Should Remdesivir Be Used for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19? Rapid, Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1).

These rapid and living practice points from the American College of Physicians address the effectiveness and harms of remdesivir treatment in patients with COVID-19.

Remdesivir for Adults With COVID-19 : A Living Systematic Review for American College of Physicians Practice Points.

Background: Few treatments exist for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of remdesivir for COVID-19.

Data Sources: Several databases, tables of contents of journals, and U.

Morphine and ethanol pretreatment effects on expression and extinction of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference and aversion in mice.

Rationale: Opioid receptor antagonists reliably alter the expression or extinction of ethanol's conditioned motivational effects as indexed by the place conditioning procedure, suggesting endogenous opioids are normally involved. These studies examined how exogenous stimulation of opioid receptors alters ethanol's conditioned rewarding and aversive effects.

Objectives: Drugs that either directly (morphine) or indirectly (ethanol) stimulate opioid receptors were tested for their effects on the expression and extinction of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and conditioned place aversion (CPA).

Impact of expanded FDA indication for icosapent ethyl on enhanced cardiovascular residual risk reduction.

Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) demonstrated that the purified, stable ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid, icosapent ethyl (IPE), added to statins reduced CVD events by 25% (p < 0.001), leading to an expanded indication in the USA.

Role of complexation in the photochemical reduction of chromate by acetylacetone.

Organic ligands can alter the redox behavior of metal species through the generation of metal-ligand complexes. Photo-induced complexation between ligands and metals is an important, but under-appreciated, aspect of process. Acetylacetone (AA) is a good chelating agent due to keto-enol tautomerization.

Effects of fasting, feeding and exercise on plasma acylcarnitines among subjects with CPT2D, VLCADD and LCHADD/TFPD.

Background: The plasma acylcarnitine profile is frequently used as a biochemical assessment for follow-up in diagnosed patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs). Disease specific acylcarnitine species are elevated during metabolic decompensation but there is clinical and biochemical heterogeneity among patients and limited data on the utility of an acylcarnitine profile for routine clinical monitoring.

Methods: We evaluated plasma acylcarnitine profiles from 30 diagnosed patients with long-chain FAODs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 (CPT2), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or mitochondrial trifunctional protein (LCHAD/TFP) deficiencies) collected after an overnight fast, after feeding a controlled low-fat diet, and before and after moderate exercise.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, and Persistence of Methotrexate and TNF Inhibitors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To examine the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with earlier treatment discontinuation and medication adherence in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data (2005-2014) were used to define unique dispensing episodes of methotrexate (MTX) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) for veterans with RA. Diagnosis codes were used to categorize patients into mutually exclusive groups: PTSD (with/without depression/anxiety), depression/anxiety without PTSD, and neither psychiatric diagnosis.

Modulation of Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Levels and Activity by Alcohol Binge-Like Drinking in Male Mice.

Binge drinking is a frequent pattern of ethanol consumption within Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). Binge-like ethanol exposure increases Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression and activity. PARP enzymes have been implicated in addiction and serve multiple roles in the cell, including gene expression regulation.

Patterns of opioid use in adolescents receiving prescriptions: The role of psychological and pain factors.

In the United States, adolescents are routinely prescribed opioids for management of pain. Data suggest that early opioid use, even via a legitimate prescription, can increase risk for opioid misuse. There are surprisingly little data on the nature of pain medication prescribing within pediatric medical settings and adolescent outcomes despite this being the place most youth are introduced to prescription opioids.

Mifepristone Decreases Chronic Voluntary Ethanol Consumption in Rhesus Macaques.

The efficacy of short-term treatment with mifepristone (MIFE), a high-affinity, nonselective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, to reduce ethanol drinking was tested in a rhesus macaque model. Stable individual daily ethanol intakes were established, ranging from 1.6 to 4.

Mavacamten for treatment of symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (EXPLORER-HCM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Cardiac muscle hypercontractility is a key pathophysiological abnormality in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a major determinant of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Available pharmacological options for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are inadequate or poorly tolerated and are not disease-specific. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of mavacamten, a first-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, in symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, phenylacetaldehyde, CAS Registry Number 122-78-1.

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. The material (phenylacetaldehyde) was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that phenylacetaldehyde is not genotoxic and provide a calculated margin of exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose and developmental and reproductive toxicity endpoints.

Non-genetic factors that influence methamphetamine intake in a genetic model of differential methamphetamine consumption.

Rationale: Genetic and non-genetic factors influence substance use disorders. Our previous work in genetic mouse models focused on genetic factors that influence methamphetamine (MA) intake. The current research examined several non-genetic factors for their potential influence on this trait.

Atypical TRAV1-2 T cell receptor recognition of the antigen-presenting molecule MR1.

MR1 presents vitamin B-related metabolites to mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are characterized, in part, by the TRAV1-2 αβ T cell receptor (TCR). In addition, a more diverse TRAV1-2 MR1-restricted T cell repertoire exists that can possess altered specificity for MR1 antigens. However, the molecular basis of how such TRAV1-2 TCRs interact with MR1-antigen complexes remains unclear.

Switch Control Inhibition of KIT and PDGFRA in Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Phase I Study of Ripretinib.

Purpose: In advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), there is an unmet need for therapies that target both primary and secondary mutations of pathogenic KIT/PDGFRA oncoproteins. Ripretinib is a novel switch-control kinase inhibitor designed to inhibit a wide range of and mutations.

Patients And Methods: This first-in-human, to our knowledge, phase I study of ripretinib (ClinicalTrials.

Phenotypic and gene expression features associated with variation in chronic ethanol consumption in heterogeneous stock collaborative cross mice.

Of the more than 100 studies that have examined relationships between excessive ethanol consumption and the brain transcriptome, few rodent studies have examined chronic consumption. Heterogeneous stock collaborative cross mice freely consumed ethanol vs. water for 3 months.

Cell-Permeable Calpain Inhibitor SJA6017 Provides Functional Protection to Spinal Motoneurons Exposed to MPP.

Extra-nigral central nervous system sites have been found to be affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition to substantia nigra, degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons may play a role in the motor symptoms of PD. To this end, hybrid rodent VSC 4.

Use of Chest Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19: A WHO Rapid Advice Guide.

The World Health Organization (WHO) undertook the development of a rapid guide on the use of chest imaging in the diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The rapid guide was developed over 2 months by using standard WHO processes, except for the use of "rapid reviews" and online meetings of the panel. The evidence review was supplemented by a survey of stakeholders regarding their views on the acceptability, feasibility, impact on equity, and resource use of the relevant chest imaging modalities (chest radiography, chest CT, and lung US).

The Endocrine System and Alcohol Drinking in Females.

Sexually dimorphic effects of alcohol exposure throughout life have been documented in clinical and preclinical studies. In the past, rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) were higher in men than in women, but over the past 10 years, the difference between sexes in prevalence of AUD and binge drinking has narrowed. Recent evidence adds to historical data regarding the influence of sex steroids on alcohol drinking and the interaction with stress-related steroids.