35,982 results match your criteria: " Italy; Institute for Complex Systems[Affiliation]"

Novel approach to bone comorbidity in resistant acromegaly.

Pituitary

December 2024

Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, Milan, 20132, Italy.

Active acromegaly may lead to irreversible complications. Among them, acromegaly osteopathy and fragility (vertebral and hip) fractures have emerged as frequent and precocious events in the natural history of the disease, being correlated with longer disease duration and higher growth hormone (GH) levels, accounting for patients' reported poor quality of life, physical performance and other life-impacting complications. Differently from primary osteoporosis, bone mineral density is not a reliable tool to predict fracture risk in this clinical setting, as patients with active disease frequently have normal or slightly reduced bone mass; whereas bone quality is particularly compromised, as determined by low trabecular bone score (TBS) in patients with active disease as compared to healthy controls or patients with cured/controlled disease.

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Article Synopsis
  • Coagulation factor XI (FXI) inhibitors show potential as new anticoagulants but may worsen heart failure and diastolic dysfunction according to an animal study.
  • In the ARIC study, involving 4,471 older participants, researchers found that lower plasma FXI levels were linked to a higher incidence of heart failure over a median follow-up of 9 years, especially in those aged 75 and older.
  • The study also noted that while lower FXI levels were associated with increased prevalence of diastolic dysfunction, they correlated with a higher likelihood of atrial fibrillation at the baseline, but not with new cases of atrial fibrillation during the follow-up.
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Introduction: The treatment of preinvasive lesions is more effective than treating invasive disease, hence detecting cancer at its early stages is crucial. However, currently, available screening methods show various limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and practicality, thus novel markers complementing traditional cyto/histopathological assessments are needed. Alteration in choline metabolism is a hallmark of many malignancies, including cervical and breast cancers.

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Targeting mitochondria in Cancer therapy: Machine learning analysis of hyaluronic acid-based drug delivery systems.

Int J Biol Macromol

December 2024

Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Mitochondrial alterations play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to the acquisition of key hallmarks of cancer, including sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, and resistance to cell death. Consequently, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy.

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Background: Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) for human use have advanced globally with the rapid adoption of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies in haemato-oncology. CAR-T cell therapy and ATMPs have unique, significant acute and chronic toxicities, and appropriate patient care is crucial. Significant challenges, including the need for nurse education and training, accompany optimal patient success and benefits.

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Amphiphilic pH-responsive core-shell nanoparticles can increase the performances of cellulose-based drug delivery systems.

Int J Biol Macromol

December 2024

Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Polymer and nanoparticles (NPs) together are able to form nanocomposite materials that combine the beneficial properties of the traditional single systems. In this work, we propose a stimuli-responsive nanocomposite system which combines pH-responsive NPs with cellulose. Ring opening polymerization (ROP) followed by two reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization steps were performed to synthetize ((PHEMA-graft-LA)-co-PMAA)-b-PDEGMA copolymer characterized by tailored molecular weights and low polydispersity values.

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Prevalence of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity and Relapse-Associated Worsening in Patients With AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD.

Neurology

December 2024

From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigated the prevalence of two types of disability progression in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD): Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) and Relapse-Associated Worsening (RAW).
  • It included 181 patients from the MSBase registry, mostly females with an average age of 38.1 years, monitored for an average of 4.5 years, where only 2.2% experienced PIRA and 7.2% experienced RAW.
  • The findings suggest PIRA is rare in AQP4-IgG NMOSD cases, but the study had limitations, such as using
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In this fast-evolving era of antiretroviral chemotherapy, the single-tablet regimen (STR) BIC/FTC/TAF, an oral regimen including a potent INSTI (strand-transfer integrase inhibitors) like Bictegravir plus two different NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors), is increasingly challenged by new oral combinations. Furthermore, long-acting injectable drugs have also been developed and others are being under development. Notably, no new STR consisting of two NRTIs plus a 3rd drug like an INSTI are in the industrial pipeline.

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JAK inhibitors: an evidence-based choice of the most appropriate molecule.

Front Pharmacol

October 2024

Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) represent a fundamental therapeutic tool for the treatment of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Although JAKis are often considered a homogeneous class of drugs whose members are thought to be largely interchangeable, there are significant differences in their efficacy and safety profiles. This narrative review analyzes the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences among JAKIs, highlighting their clinical relevance based on the most recent available evidence.

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Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) cause severe hemorrhagic diarrhea disease in dogs, cats, and fur-bearing and wildlife carnivores worldwide, continuing to pose significant threats. In this study, 140 rectal swabs were collected from 70 domestic dogs and 70 cats with clinical diarrhea in veterinary clinics in Changchun during 2020. A total of 64.

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Spleen tyrosine kinase: a novel pharmacological target for sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and multi-organ failure.

Front Immunol

November 2024

Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Sepsis is a systemic condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and often associated with excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines resulting in multi-organ failure (MOF), including cardiac dysfunction. Despite a number of effective supportive treatments (e.g.

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Respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users without an established smoking history in the VERITAS cohort.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 78-Ed. 4, p. 2, 95123, Catania, Italy.

Prior research on e-cigarettes' health impacts is inconclusive due to confounding by previous tobacco smoking. Studies of e-cigarette use among people without an established smoking history are informative for this question. A cross-sectional survey was administered across six geopolitical world regions to adults aged 18+ without a history of established cigarette smoking or regular use of other nicotine/tobacco products.

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The processing of kinematic information embedded in observed actions is an essential ability for understanding others' behavior. Previous research showed that the action observation network (AON) may encode some action kinematic features. However, our understanding of how direction and velocity are encoded within the AON is still limited.

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of azole urea compounds as Akt inhibitors with promising anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer models.

Bioorg Chem

December 2024

Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • * New azole urea compounds have been synthesized that demonstrate effective antiproliferative and antimigratory activities against pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting Akt.
  • * Various assays, like Sulforhodamine B and wound-healing assays, have confirmed the efficacy of these compounds, with promising results shown in a 3D spheroid model of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Modelling Data (MODA) reporting guidelines have been proposed for common terminology and for recording metadata for physics-based materials modelling and simulations in a CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA 17284:2018). Their purpose is similar to that of the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model report form (QMRF) that aims to increase industry and regulatory confidence in QSAR models, but for a wider range of model types. Recently, the WorldFAIR project's nanomaterials case study suggested that both QMRF and MODA templates are an important means to enhance compliance of nanoinformatics models, and their underpinning datasets, with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable).

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In elderly patients with high-risk classic Hodgkin lymphoma (c-HL), we evaluated the impact of a new modality treatment without bleomycin, that is, liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD)-based regimen plus consolidation radiotherapy of residual nodal masses (RNMs), on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). In this retrospective study (2013-2023) conducted in tertiary hospitals in the bay of Naples (Italy), 50 older adults (median age, 69 years; range, 60-89) with advanced stage c-HL received frontline treatment with MVD ± irradiation. MVD consisted of 25 mg/m of NPLD along with standard Vinblastine and Dacarbazine for a total of 6 cycles (twelve iv administrations, every 2 weeks) followed by radiation of RNMs with size ≥ 2.

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Hypoxia in tumors contributes to chemotherapy resistance, worsened by acidosis driven by carbonic anhydrases (CA IX and XII). Targeting these enzymes can mitigate acidosis, thus enhancing tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Herein, novel 4-(pyrazolyl)benzenesulfonamide ureas () were developed and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against CA IX and XII.

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Bortezomib for rituximab-refractory immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the caplacizumab era: an Italian multicenter study.

J Thromb Haemost

November 2024

Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione Luigi Villa, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) patients are not responsive to standard rituximab in approximately 10% to 15% of cases, and oral immunosuppressants showed controversial results with significant toxicity. Targeting plasma cells with bortezomib appears promising, but the available evidence is scarce and stems only from isolated reports in the precaplacizumab era.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bortezomib in rituximab-refractory iTTP patients.

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Comparative study on the effects of combined oral contraceptives and dienogest in women with endometriosis‑associated chronic pelvic pain.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol

January 2025

Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Gynaecological Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to compare the pain relief effects of five different combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in women suffering from endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia.
  • Conducted between October 2018 and March 2023, the research involved tracking pain levels using a visual analogue scale over 6 months across multiple treatment groups.
  • Results indicated that COCs with estradiol (E2) or estetrol (E4) led to significantly better pain relief compared to those with ethinylestradiol (EE), and E2 or E4-containing COCs may be preferable alternatives to dienogest (DNG) for women preferring birth control.
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Over the past two decades, ferritin has emerged as a promising nanoparticle for drug delivery, catalyzing the development of numerous prototypes capable of encapsulating a wide array of therapeutic agents. These ferritin-based nanoparticles exhibit selectivity for various molecular targets and are distinguished by their potential biocompatibility, unique symmetrical structure, and highly controlled size. The hollow interior of ferritin nanoparticles allows for efficient encapsulation of diverse therapeutic agents, enhancing their delivery and effectiveness.

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Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands.

Virchows Arch

November 2024

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SMEC) of the salivary glands is a rare variant of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with scanty cellular atypia characterized by marked fibrosis/sclerosis and a rich inflammatory infiltrate. Herein, we report 25 unpublished cases of SMEC, two of them with prominent eosinophilia (2/25; 8%) and three with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells (3/25; 12%). In our series of salivary SMEC, molecular analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS) provided evidence of MAML2 gene rearrangement in 18 cases of the 21 analyzable cases tested (86%), while this gene locus was intact in 3 cases (14%).

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases associated with hyperglycemia. Although antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia, diabetic patients suffer from abnormal fluctuations in blood glucose levels leading to the onset of long-term complications. Aldose reductase inhibitors are considered a promising strategy for regulating the occurrence of diabetic-specific comorbidities.

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METTL3 alters capping enzyme expression and its activity on ribosomal proteins.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.

The 5' cap, catalyzed by RNA guanylyltransferase and 5'-phosphatase (RNGTT), is a vital mRNA modification for the functionality of mRNAs. mRNA capping occurs in the nucleus for the maturation of the functional mRNA and in the cytoplasm for fine-tuning gene expression. Given the fundamental importance of RNGTT in mRNA maturation and expression there is a need to further investigate the regulation of RNGTT.

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