A signaling molecule from intratumor bacteria promotes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cells.

Emerging evidence indicates that intratumor bacteria exist as an active and specific tumor component in many tumor types beyond digestive and respiratory tumors. However, the biological impact and responsible molecules of such local bacteria-tumor direct interaction on cancer therapeutic response remain poorly understood. Trastuzumab is among the most commonly used drugs targeting the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ErbB2) in breast cancer, but its resistance is inevitable, severely limiting its clinical effectiveness.

Pulsed Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery Enhancement Through Human Sclera.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize whether pulsed ultrasound (PUS) affects transscleral drug delivery.

Methods: Fluorescein sodium (NaF, 376 Da) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran 40 (FD-40, 40 kDa) were used as model drugs. Human sclera grafts were placed in modified Franz diffusion cells and were treated by PUS (1 megahertz [MHz], 0.

Biomarkers.

Background: Existing biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis are relatively invasive and expensive. Application of exhaled breath collection and volatile organic compound (VOC) detection for AD diagnosis remains unclear.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPPI-ToF-MS) was used to detect VOCs from breath in three datasets and patients diagnosed as Parkinson's disease (PD).

Biomarkers.

Background: Previous studies have suggested a correlation between elevated levels of β-microglobulin (B2M) and cognitive impairment. However, the existing evidence is insufficient to establish a conclusive relationship. This study aims to analyse the link of plasma B2M to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers, and cognition.

Biomarkers.

Background: Cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with abnormal levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition are considered in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, when combined with the subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are proposed as the stage 2 AD in the NIA-AA framework. Here, we aim to investigate whether neuropathologic deterioration increases in early stages, particularly in stage 2 AD.

Method: We included 341 CU participants over 50 years of age from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) study.

Biomarkers.

Background: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers in distinguishing Alzheimer's pathologic changes from other forms of dementia, our study focused on examining plasma biomarkers in accordance with the AT(N) system.

Method: A total of 156 participants were recruited from the PUMCH dementia cohort. This comprised 55 non-AD (A-) and 101 Alzheimer's pathologic changes (A+) individuals.

Biomarkers.

Background: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocytic cytoskeletal protein and a promising blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the genetic architecture of plasma GFAP has not been characterized. We conducted a multi-ancestry meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in diverse population-based cohorts to identify genetic variants associated with plasma levels of GFAP and to investigate their implication for neurological diseases.

IGF2BP2 Regulates the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Through m6A-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Background: Recent studies show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer's disease (AD), while the mechanisms involved were studied insufficiently.

Aims: The present study aimed to explore the effect of human insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA binding proteins 2 (IGF2BP2), one of the m6A-binding proteins on the progression of AD.

Materials & Methods: The mRNA and protein expression level were determined using RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively.

CD4+ T helper 2 cell-macrophage crosstalk induces IL-24-mediated breast cancer suppression.

CD4+ T cells contribute to antitumor immunity and are implicated in the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. In particular, CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cells were recently found to block spontaneous breast carcinogenesis. However, the antitumor potential of Th2 cells in targeting established breast cancer remains uncertain.

FKBP10 Promotes the Muscle Invasion of Bladder Cancer via Lamin A Dysregulation.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a prevalent urinary malignancy and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is particularly aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. One of MIBC features is the nuclear atypia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MIBC remains unclear.

Longikaurin A, a natural ent-kaurane, suppresses proliferation, invasion and tumorigenicity in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell by via inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway and .

Longikaurin A (LK-A), a naturally occurring ent-kaurane diterpenoid, has been identified as a promising anti-cancer agent. This study aims to elucidate the anti-tumorigenic effects of LK-A on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and to unravel its underlying mechanisms. assays, including CCK-8 and EdU, were performed to assess cell viability and proliferation.

Arachidonic acid synergizes with aspirin preventing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and mitigates bleeding risk.

Aims: The therapeutic efficacy of coronary revascularization is compromised by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Higher levels of circulating arachidonic acid (AA) are reportedly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway metabolizes AA into prostaglandins (PGs) and the platelet-activating thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which is inhibited by aspirin.

Genetic Underpinnings of Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is a frequent but severe type of male infertility. As one of the most multifaceted male infertility resulting from sperm problems, its genetic etiology remains unknown in most cases. In this review, we systematically sort out the latest literature on clinical reports and animal models leading to OAT, summarise the expression profiles of causative genes for OAT, and highlight the important role of the protein transport system during spermiogenesis, spermatid cell-specific genes, Golgi and acrosome-related genes, manchette-related genes, HTCA-related genes, and axoneme-related genes in OAT development.

Interaction study of the effects of environmental exposure and gene polymorphisms of inflammatory and immune-active factors on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human genome may influence the risk of developing COPD and the response to treatment. We assessed the effects of gene polymorphism of inflammatory and immune-active factors and gene-environment interaction on risk of COPD in middle-aged and older Chinese individuals.

Automatic parking trajectory planning in narrow spaces based on Hybrid A* and NMPC.

The rapid acceleration of urbanization and the surge in car ownership necessitate efficient automatic parking solutions in constricted spaces to address the escalating urban parking issue. To optimize space utilization, enhance traffic efficiency, and mitigate accident risks, a method is proposed for smooth, comfortable, and adaptable automatic parking trajectory planning. This study initially employs a hybrid A* algorithm to generate a preliminary path, then fits the velocity and acceleration based on a cubic polynomial.

Consuming a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet reverses the peripheral lipid signature of Alzheimer's disease in humans.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with significant environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, influencing its onset and progression. Although previous studies have suggested that certain diets may reduce the incidence of AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Method: In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized crossover study of 20 elderly adults, we investigated the effects of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) on the plasma lipidome in the context of AD biomarkers, analyzing 784 lipid species across 47 classes using a targeted lipidomics platform.

Identification of a novel disulfidptosis-related gene signature in osteoarthritis using bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease characterized by the destruction of joint cartilage and synovial inflammation, involving intricate immune regulation processes. Disulfidptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, has recently been identified; however, the effects and roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DR-DEGs) in OA remain unclear. We obtained six OA datasets from the GEO database, using four as training sets and two as validation sets.

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Osteoporosis: Exploring the Power of mA RNA Modification.

Osteoporosis, recognised as a metabolic disorder, has emerged as a significant burden on global health. Although available treatments have made considerable advancements, they remain inadequately addressed. In recent years, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in skeletal disorders has garnered substantial attention, particularly concerning mA RNA modification.

Polyphenols as reactive carbonyl substances regulators: A comprehensive review of thermal processing hazards mitigation.

Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are a class of compounds with one or more C = O structures with highly reactive electrophilic properties. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted role of RCS in thermally processed foods, where they serve as both crucial intermediates in the development of food color and flavor, as well as precursors of potentially harmful compounds. By exploring the carbonyl pool concept, the impact of RCS equilibrium on the formation and reduction of hazardous substances such as acrylamide, hydroxymethylfurfural, advanced glycation end-products, and heterocyclic amines was elucidated.

Structure identification of myricetin-phenylacetaldehyde adducts and their potential biological activities.

Our previous research discovered that myricetin could effectively inhibit the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in cantonese baked foods by trapping phenylacetaldehyde to form adducts. However, the structure and biological activity of these adducts were still unknown. In this study, we identified two myricetin-phenylacetaldehyde adducts from cantonese mooncakes, BYQ-2 and BYQ-3, using pre-HPLC.

Prediction of individual total amino acids and free amino acids in Chinese Holstein cows milk using mid-infrared spectroscopy and their phenotypic variability.

Establishing a high-throughput detection technology for amino acid (AA) content in milk using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has profound implications for enhancing nutritional value of milk, identifying superior milk sources, producing specialty dairy products, and expanding Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) metrics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MIR spectroscopy in predicting the content of 15 individual total AA (TAAs) and 16 free AA (FAAs) in bovine milk as well as to investigate the major factors affecting the phenotypic variability of AA content. From March 2023 to March 2024, 513 milk samples were collected from 10 Holstein dairy farms in China and analyzed using Bentley spectrometers for MIR measurements.

Characterization of key flavor compounds in cinnamon bark oil extracts using principal component analysis.

Cinnamon is a widely used spice, known for its distinctive flavor and aromatic properties. Due to its lignified structure, the release of flavor components typically requires prolonged stewing (1-2 h). To simulate the release of flavor components during stewing, this study employed corn oil for extraction, avoiding the use of organic solvents.

A smart responsive NIR-operated chitosan-based nanoswitch to induce cascade immunogenic tumor ferroptosis via cytokine storm.

In this work we present a near-infrared (NIR)-operated nanoswitch based on chitosan nanoparticles (EpCAM-CS-co-PNVCL@IR780/IMQ NPs) that induces cascade immunogenic tumor ferroptosis via cytokine storm. The formulation was prepared by loading a photosensitiser (IR780) and an immunotherapeutic drug (imiquimod; IMQ) into temperature- and pH-responsive chitosan-based NPs functionalized with tumor-targeting aptamers. The EpCAM aptamer can chaperone the NPs selectively into cancer cells, and allow them to enter the cell nucleus.

Preparation, characterization and antibacterial investigation of water-soluble curcumin-chitooligosaccharide complexes.

Curcumin has a wide range of application prospects, with various bioactivities in the food industry and in the biomedical field. However, curcumin has poor water solubility and is sensitive to pH, light and temperature. In this study, curcumin-chitooligosaccharide (CUR-COS) complexes were prepared via mechanochemical methods, and the CUR-COS complex was more soluble after freeze-drying (up to 862-fold greater than that of curcumin).

One-pot ligation of multiple mRNA fragments on dsDNA splint advancing regional modification and translation.

Region-specific RNA modifications are crucial for advancing RNA research and therapeutics, including messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines and immunotherapy. However, the predominant method, synthesizing regionally modified mRNAs with short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) splints, encounters challenges in ligating long mRNA fragments due to the formation of RNA self-folded complex structures. To address this issue, we developed an efficient strategy using an easily obtained long double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as a ligation splint after in situ denaturing, while parts of this dsDNA are the templates for transcribing mRNA fragments.