Relationship Between Depression and Epigallocatechin Gallate from the Perspective of Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review.

Depression, a serious mental illness, is characterized by high risk, high incidence, persistence, and tendency to relapse, posing a significant burden on global health. The connection between depression and gut microbiota is an emerging field of study in psychiatry and neuroscience. Understanding the gut-brain axis is pivotal for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of depression.

Neonatal Circulating Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolites Mediate the Association of Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Offspring Neurodevelopment at 1 Year.

: We aimed to identify neonatal circulating metabolic alterations associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to explore whether these altered metabolites could mediate the association of GDM with offspring neurodevelopment. Additionally, we investigated whether neonatal circulating metabolites could improve the prediction of offspring neurodevelopmental disorders over traditional risk factors. : The retrospective cohort study enrolled 1228 mother-child dyads in South China.

Synthesis of P(AM/AA/SSS/DMAAC-16) and Studying Its Performance as a Fracturing Thickener in Oilfields.

In order to solve the problems of long dissolution and preparation time, cumbersome preparation, and easy moisture absorption and deterioration during storage or transportation, acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SSS), and cetyl dimethylallyl ammonium chloride (DMAAC-16) were selected as raw materials, and the emulsion thickener P(AM/AA/SSS), which can be instantly dissolved in water and rapidly thickened, was prepared by the reversed-phase emulsion polymerization method. DMAAC-16, the influence of emulsifier dosage, oil-water ratio, monomer molar ratio, monomer dosage, aqueous pH, initiator dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, and other factors on the experiment was explored by a single-factor experiment, and the optimal process was determined as follows: the oil-water volume ratio was 0.4, the emulsifier dosage was 7% of the oil phase mass, the initiator dosage was 0.

Investigating the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Total Saikosaponins in Alzheimer's Disease: A Metabolomic and Proteomic Approach.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia among the elderly, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Total saikosaponins (TSS), the primary bioactive components in , have shown promising therapeutic effects against AD in previous studies. : To delve deeper into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of TSS in AD, we investigated its neuroprotective effects and associated molecular mechanisms in APP/PS1 mice.

Selenium-Modified Biochar Synergistically Achieves the Safe Use of Selenium and the Inhibition of Heavy Metal Cadmium.

To address cadmium pollution in China's cultivated land, chitosan, inorganic and organic selenium were used to modify rice husk charcoal for cadmium inhibition. Basic physicochemical properties of rice husk carbons were characterized (BET, FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential). Kinetic and isothermal adsorption experiments studied the adsorption of Cd by modified biochar under different pH and dosages.

Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Interactions with Copper-Serum Albumin.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), an abundant phytochemical in green tea, is an antioxidant that also binds proteins and complex metals. After gastrointestinal absorption, EGCg binds to serum albumin in the hydrophobic pocket between domains IIA and IIIA and overlaps with the Sudlow I site. Serum albumin also has two metal binding sites, a high-affinity N-terminal site (NTS) site that selectively binds Cu(II), and a low-affinity, less selective multi-metal binding site (MBS).

Proteome-Wide Identification and Comparison of Drug Pockets for Discovering New Drug Indications and Side Effects.

Drug development faces significant financial and time challenges, highlighting the need for more efficient strategies. This study evaluated the druggability of the entire human proteome using Fpocket. We identified 15,043 druggable pockets in 20,255 predicted protein structures, significantly expanding the estimated druggable proteome from 3000 to over 11,000 proteins.

Development of a Vaccine Candidate Based on Surface-Displayed Particles of from the MTB39A Protein.

Tuberculosis (TB), a human and animal disease caused by (), has the highest global mortality rate after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poses a major public health threat globally. Since 1890, vaccine candidates for various forms of TB have been developed for different age groups, but these vaccine candidates have not provided intended protection in adolescents and adults in clinical trials. To help prevent and control the spread of TB, the development of a safe and effective TB vaccine is imperative.

Integrated Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiological Analysis of the Flavonoid and Phenylethanol Glycosides Accumulation in Wild Roots from Different Habitats.

, a traditional medicinal plant, is commonly found on the Tibetan Plateau at altitudes of 3100-5200 m. Its primary active medicinal compounds, flavonoids and phenylethanol glycosides (PhGs), exhibit various pharmacological effects, including hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This study analyzed flavonoid and PhG metabolites in the roots of collected from Henan County (HN), Guoluo County (GL), Yushu County (YS), and Chengduo County (CD) in Qinghai Province.

Loss of Affects m6A Modification but Not Semen Characteristics in Bull Spermatozoa.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a key methylation modification involved in reproductive processes. gene editing (MT) in cattle is known to enhance muscle mass and productivity. However, the changes in m6A modification in MT bull sperm remain poorly understood.

Neohesperidin Mitigates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Colitis In Vivo by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Enhancing SCFAs Synthesis.

Previous research has consistently shown that high-fat diet (HFD) consumption can lead to the development of colonic inflammation. Neohesperidin (NHP), a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits, has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the efficacy and mechanism of NHP in countering prolonged HFD-induced inflammation remains unclear.

Effects of Mixing Ratio and Lactic Acid Bacteria Preparation on the Quality of Whole-Plant Quinoa and Whole-Plant Corn or Stevia Powder Mixed Silage.

Quinoa is the only single plant that can meet all the nutritional needs of human, and its potential for feed utilization has been continuously explored, becoming a prosperous industry for poverty alleviation. In order to further tap the feeding value of whole quinoa, develop quinoa as a feed substitute for conventional crops such as corn, and improve its comprehensive utilization rate, this experiment analyzed the silage quality and mycotoxin content of mixed silage of whole-plant quinoa (WPQ) with whole-plant corn (WPC) or stevia powder(SP) in different proportions, and further improved the silage quality of mixed silage by using two lactic acid bacteria preparations (Sila-Max and Sila-Mix). The quality, microbial population, and mycotoxin levels of quinoa and corn silage, as well as that of the mixed silage of quinoa and stevia, were evaluated using single-factor analysis of variance.

Design and Fabrication of MoCuO Bimetallic Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Micro-Supercapacitor by Electro-Spark Machining.

Transition metal oxides, distinguished by their high theoretical specific capacitance values, inexpensive cost, and low toxicity, have been extensively utilized as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Nevertheless, their conductivity is generally insufficient to facilitate rapid electron transport at high rates. Therefore, research on bimetallic oxide electrode materials has become a hot spot, especially in the field of micro-supercapacitors (MSC).

Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Genes Influencing Citrus Leaf Size Through Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Approaches.

Background: Leaves are the main organs involved in photosynthesis. They capture light energy and promote gas exchange, and their size and shape affect yield. Identifying the regulatory networks and key genes that control citrus leaf size is essential for increasing citrus crop yield.

Integrative Transcriptomic and Small RNA Analysis Uncovers Key Genes for Cold Resistance in Rice.

Background/objectives: Cold stress is the main environmental factor that affects the growth and development of rice, leading to a decrease in its yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanism of rice's low-temperature resistance remains incompletely understood.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a joint analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the cold-resistant material Yongning red rice and the cold-sensitive material B3 using high-throughput sequencing.

Occurrence and Multi-Locus Genotyping of in Black Goats from Fujian Province, China.

is a zoonotic parasite that causes gastrointestinal diseases in both humans and animals. To evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of in black goats, we collected 539 fecal samples from nine districts in Fujian Province, China. The presence of was confirmed through nested PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene, and genotyping was performed at the beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase, and triosephosphate isomerase loci.

Alleviating -Induced Intestinal Lesions in Chickens Using the Xylanase Xyn10C and Its Binary Cocktail with a Protease.

infection can induce necrotic enteritis and lead to significant economic loss to the chicken industry. In this study, a xylanase (Xyn10C), which effectively promotes the growth of probiotics, and a protease, which degrades the biofilm of were analyzed for their ability to alleviate -induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. A total of 300 male AA chickens were divided into five treatment groups (control, no enzyme and no challenge; Cp, no enzyme, challenge; Xyn, Xyn10C plus challenge; Xyn+Am, Xyn10C+Amylase plus challenge; Xyn+Ap, Xyn10C+Alkaline protease plus challenge).

Effects of Protein on Depression-like Behavior and Gut Microbiota in Stressed Juvenile Mice.

protein (Lep) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, but its antidepressant activity is unknown. This study used a 44-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model to determine whether Lep has a beneficial effect through the gut-brain axis in 3-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Gavaging with Lep solution alleviated the depression-like behavior and anxiety symptoms in CUMS growing mice.

Using Commercial Bio-Functional Fungal Polysaccharides to Construct Emulsion Systems by Associating with SPI.

Fungi polysaccharides are nutraceutical-rich compounds with bioactive properties, offering promising applications in food formulation. This study examined the non-covalent complexation of commercial polysaccharides derived from the fruiting bodies of (AA) and (GL) and soy protein isolate to enhance emulsifying properties. Complexes were examined across protein-to-polysaccharide ratios (0:1 to 1:0), pH levels (3 to 7), and heat treatment conditions.

Kraft-Based Femtosecond Laser-Induced Graphene for Electrochemical Dopamine Sensing.

In this work, laser-induced graphene from kraft paper (kraft paper-LIG) was employed for the nonenzymatic electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA). We reported the fabrication and characterization of a disposable, cost-effective, kraft-based electrochemical dopamine sensor with the sensing electrode consisting of laser-induced graphene derived from kraft paper. Kraft paper-LIG was formed by the femtosecond laser modification of kraft paper into a three-dimensional (3D) graphene arrangement.

The efficacy and safety of rhGH treatment combined with letrozole/GnRHa in adolescent boys.

Objective: In boys during puberty who were undergoing recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, we compared the therapeutic efficacy on growth, and any adverse reactions, of co-therapy with either letrozole or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa).

Methods: Fifty-six pubertal growth hormone deficiency (GHD) boys were studied, they were treated with the combination of letrozole and rhGH (letrozole group, n = 28) or the combination of GnRHa and rhGH (GnRHa group, n = 28) for at least one year. Eighteen patients in the letrozole group and seventeen patients in the GnRHa group attained final adult height (FAH).

Identification and expression analysis of P-type ATPase IIIA subfamily in Puccinia Striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Background: Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) causes wheat stripe (yellow) rust disease, which is one of the most destructive diseases affecting wheat worldwide.

[Microneedle combined with photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral leukoplakia].

Objective: To explore whether microneedle pretreatment can significantly improve the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of oral leukoplakia.

Methods: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Patients with clinical and pathological diagnosis of oral leukoplakia in the Department of Oral Mucosa, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were divided into experimental group and control group.

Genotype-phenotype correlations for 17 Chinese families with inherited retinal dystrophies due to homozygous variants.

In this study, patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) who visited Ningxia Eye Hospital from January 2015 to September 2023 were analyzed. Through Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Sanger verification, 17 probands carrying homozygous variants were detected. The association between the genotype and clinical phenotype of patients with homozygous variants was analyzed.

Autophagic flux-lipid droplet biogenesis cascade sustains mitochondrial fitness in colorectal cancer cells adapted to acidosis.

Cancer development is associated with adaptation to various stressful conditions, such as extracellular acidosis. The adverse tumor microenvironment also selects for increased malignancy. Mitochondria are integral in stress sensing to allow for tumor cells to adapt to stressful conditions.