Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of developing kidney stones: Results from NHANES (2013-2018)-based and Mendelian randomization studies.

This study explores the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and kidney stone development via cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013 to 2018 to explore the associations of 25(OH)D metabolite, calcium, and ALP levels with kidney stone development, LDSC analysis to determine the associations between their genetically predicted levels and kidney stone development, and MR analysis to determine the causality of those relationship via genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The cross-sectional study revealed a relationship between ALP levels and kidney stone development (Model 1: OR = 1.

BMI-mediated association between glyphosate exposure and increased risk of atherosclerotic heart disease: A large-scale cross-sectional study.

Background: Glyphosate, as the main component of glyphosate pesticides, has been shown to have toxic effects on multiple human systems. However, the association between glyphosate and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of glyphosate exposure on ASCVD.

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of polyphenols from Mesua ferrea L. leaves.

Mesua ferrea L. is used in Ayurvedic and Thai medicine for treating various diseases, including diabetes. This study aimed to isolate and identify the bioactive constituents from M.

Research progress on N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in osteosarcoma: functions, mechanisms, and potential clinical applications.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic strategies against OS over the past few decades, the prognosis for this disease remains poor, largely due to its high invasiveness and challenges associated with its treatment. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most abundant epigenetic modifications of RNAs, and many studies have highlighted its crucial role in OS.

Aloin remodels the cell wall of Candida albicans to reduce its hyphal virulence against oral candidiasis.

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Dynamics and regulatory roles of RNA mA methylation in unbalanced genomes.

-methyladenosine (mA) in eukaryotic RNA is an epigenetic modification that is critical for RNA metabolism, gene expression regulation, and the development of organisms. Aberrant expression of mA components appears in a variety of human diseases. RNA mA modification in has proven to be involved in sex determination regulated by and may affect X chromosome expression through the MSL complex.

Association Between Urinary Metal Levels and Chronic Kidney Dysfunction in Rural China: A Study on Sex-Specific Differences.

Background: While current epidemiological studies have documented associations between environmental metals and renal dysfunction, the majority have concentrated on plasma metal levels. The relationship between urinary metal exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains contentious, particularly within specific demographic groups.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2919 rural Chinese adults recruited between 2018 and 2019.

Biological Characteristics and Whole-Genome Analysis of a Porcine Phage.

(1) Background: In recent years, the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in pig farms has begun to pose a severe threat to animal welfare and, by extension, public health. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological characteristics and genomic features of bacteriophages that are capable of lysing porcine multidrug-resistant , which was isolated from sewage. In doing so, we provided a reference for phage therapies that can be used to treat multidrug-resistant strains.

In Vitro Evaluation of Ruminal Digestibility, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Diversity of Kenaf Crop at Various Cutting Heights.

The current study investigated the in vitro degradability, in vitro gas production, methane (CH) production, and ruminal bacterial community of kenaf plants cut at different heights (130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 cm). These samples were subjected to an in vitro batch culture system using buffalo rumen fluid to measure gas and CH production at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Results reveal that crude protein (CP) concentration was the highest at the 220 cm height compared with the other heights.

A Study on the Induction of Multi-Type Immune Responses in Mice via an mRNA Vaccine Based on Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Antigen.

Background: The Influenza A virus (IAV), a pathogen affecting the respiratory system, represents a major risk to public health worldwide. Immunization remains the foremost strategy to control the transmission of IAV. The virus has two primary antigens: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA).

The Comorbidity of Depression and Diabetes Is Involved in the Decidual Protein Induced by Progesterone 1 (Depp1) Dysfunction in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.

Background: There is a high rate of depressive symptoms such as irritability, anhedonia, fatigue, and hypersomnia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causes and underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity of depression and diabetes remain unknown.

Methods: For the first time, we identified Decidual protein induced by progesterone 1 (Depp1), also known as DEPP autophagy regulator 1, as a hub gene in both depression and T2DM models.

CRISPR/cas9 Allows for the Quick Improvement of Tomato Firmness Breeding.

Fruit firmness is crucial for storability, making cultivating varieties with higher firmness a key target in tomato breeding. In recent years, tomato varieties primarily rely on hybridizing ripening mutants to produce F hybrids to enhance firmness. However, the undesirable traits introduced by these mutants often lead to a decline in the quality of the varieties.

BSA-Assisted Synthesis of Au Nanoclusters/MnO Nanosheets for Fluorescence "Switch-On" Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase.

A fluorescence probe for "switch-on" detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was developed based on Au nanoclusters anchored MnO nanosheets (Au NCs-MnO NSs), which were synthesized using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as template through a simple one-pot approach. In the sensing system, MnO NSs function as both energy acceptors and target identifiers, effectively quenches the fluorescence of Au NCs via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The presence of ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) to ascorbic acid (AA), reducing MnO NSs to Mn and facilitate the fluorescence recovery of Au NCs.

Multi-Strategy Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm and Its Engineering Applications.

The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is recognized for its simplicity, few control parameters, and effective local optima avoidance. However, it struggles with global search efficiency and slow convergence. This paper introduces the Improved WOA (ImWOA) to overcome these challenges.

A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the pioneer plant Stylosanthes angustifolia: insights into genome evolution and drought adaptation.

Background: Drought is a major limiting factor for plant survival and crop productivity. Stylosanthes angustifolia, a pioneer plant, exhibits remarkable drought tolerance, yet the molecular mechanisms driving its drought resistance remain largely unexplored.

Results: We present a chromosome-scale reference genome of S.

Ultralow Power Cold-Fuse Memory Based on Metal-Oxide-CNT Structure.

One-time programmable (OTP) memory is an essential component in chips, which has extremely high security to protect the stored critical information from being altered. However, traditional OTP memory based on the thermal breakdown of the dielectric has a large programming current, which leads to high power consumption. Here, we report a gate tunneling-induced "cold" breakdown phenomenon in carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors, and based on this we construct a "cold" fuse (C-fuse) memory where applying a mild gate voltage can break down the CNT channel without damaging the gate dielectric.

Identification and characterization of multiple novel viruses in fecal samples of cormorants.

Introduction: Cormorants, as protected wild animals by the State Forestry Administration of China, have a broad distribution across China. Previous studies have shown that they can be infected with multiple viruses in the , , , and families. There is limited knowledge about the other viruses that cormorants may carry and infect.

Long-Term Real-World Outcomes of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Chronic Hepatitis B: Detailed Analysis of Treatment-Naive and Experienced Patients.

Background/aims: This study assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in real-world settings.

Methods: Patients who were candidates for TAF treatment and were followed up at 12-week intervals over 192 weeks were enrolled in this study.

Results: One hundred and forty-four patients (50 treatment-naive and 94 treatment-experienced) were included in this study.

Enhancing shelf-life of dried goji berry: Effects of drying methods and packaging conditions on browning evolution.

Preservation and shelf-life extension are of paramount importance for dried goji berry, especially those dehydrated using pulsed vacuum drying (PVD), which are generally applied for the high-quality dried products in the markets. This study compared the storage stability of dried goji berry dehydrated using PVD versus conventional hot wind drying (HWD), focusing on the complex interactions between packaging conditions and physicochemical compounds during accelerated storage. The results showed that PVD-dried goji berry exhibited higher browning degree (2.

Trends in pretreatment and determination methods for furfurals in foods: Update since 2017.

Background: Furfurals, key derivatives of Maillard reactions commonly found in everyday foods, have been identified as having significant toxic effects on human health. Excessive intake of furfurals can lead symptoms such as weight loss, poor nutrient metabolism which followed by disease occurrence. The severe carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of furfurals were well recognized recently.

Green preparation of low-molecular-weight galactomannan from Gleditsia sinensis and mechanistic investigation on ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Galactomannan comes from a wide range of plant resources and has some biological activities, but its bioavailability is limited due to its large molecular weight and complex structure. In this study, three degradation methods (HO, ultrasound, and β-mannanase) combined with ethanol fractional precipitation (25 %, 50 %, and 75 %) were used to degrade and separate Gleditsia sinensis galactomannans (GSG), and the physicochemical properties and biological activities of GSG after degradation were analyzed. Comprehensive comparison indicates that HO exhibits had a better degradation effect.

A combined drying process involving hot air and roasting for improving summer congou black tea quality.

The present study aim to investigate the effects of three drying processes on the flavor-related compounds and sensory quality of summer black tea. A total of 234 flavonoids and 1200 volatile compounds were identified in tea samples by using UPLC-MS/MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS, respectively. It was found that the combining hot-air and roasting drying process increased the level of epigallocatechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, theaflavins, and umami and sweet amino acids in tea samples.

Evaluation of key taste components in Huangjin green tea based on electronic tongue technology.

A random forest algorithm combined with correlation analysis, was employed to identify key taste compounds in Huangjin green tea by using an electronic tongue. A total of 45 commercial Huangjin green teas were analysed for their amino acids, catechins, gallic acid, and caffeine using an amino acid analyser and HPLC. In this study, taste compounds of 30 were quantified, and 16 of these compounds exhibited taste activity values greater than 1 in the tea samples, including 6 amino acids, 8 catechins, as well as gallic acid and caffeine.

Long-term effects of Nε-carboxymethyllysine intake on intestinal barrier permeability: Associations with gut microbiota and bile acids.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in processed foods are closely linked to intestinal injury. However, the long-term effects of exposure to free Nɛ-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), a prevalent AGE molecule, on intestinal barrier integrity have been rarely evaluated. This study investigated the temporal effects of CML exposure on intestinal barrier permeability in C57BL/6N mice at diet-related doses over 12, 14, and 16 weeks.

Effects of catechins with different structure characteristics on the structure and properties of gluten-catechin covalent complex.

Effects of catechins with different structure characteristics on the structure and properties of gluten-catechin covalent complex were investigated, and the structure-activity relationship was further explored. Catechins including epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could successfully covalently bind with gluten through C-N and/or C-S bonds. The physicochemical properties of covalent complex, including particle size, thermal stability, content of free amino groups, free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds, were significantly affected by different catechins, and the action order was: EGCG > ECG > EGC > EC.