Analysis of whole transcriptome reveals the immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and tylvalosin tartrate treatment in the porcine alveolar macrophages.

Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen that has caused severe economic losses in the swine industry. Screening key host immune-related genetic factors in the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) is critical to improve the anti-virial ability in pigs.

Methods: In this study, an model was set to evaluate the anti-PRRSV effect of tylvalosin tartrates.

Healthy individuals genetically at-risk for the development of Pemphigus vulgaris or Alopecia areata share disease-like cytokine dysregulation.

Autoimmune diseases (AID) are defined by immune dysregulation characterized by specific humoral and/or cell mediated responses directed against the body's own tissues. Cytokines in particular play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AID, with proinflammatory cytokines contributing to the initiation and propagation of autoimmune inflammation, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines facilitate regression of inflammation and recovery from acute phases of the disease. Parallel work by our group evaluating a comprehensive set of pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines in Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) as well as Alopecia areata (AA) uncovered a similar pattern of inheritance specific immune dysregulation in these two distinct autoimmune skin diseases.

CompSafeNano project: NanoInformatics approaches for safe-by-design nanomaterials.

The CompSafeNano project, a Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) project funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 program, aims to advance the safety and innovation potential of nanomaterials (NMs) by integrating cutting-edge nanoinformatics, computational modelling, and predictive toxicology to enable design of safer NMs at the earliest stage of materials development. The project leverages Safe-by-Design (SbD) principles to ensure the development of inherently safer NMs, enhancing both regulatory compliance and international collaboration. By building on established nanoinformatics frameworks, such as those developed in the H2020-funded projects NanoSolveIT and NanoCommons, CompSafeNano addresses critical challenges in nanosafety through development and integration of innovative methodologies, including advanced models, approaches including machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven predictive models and 1st-principles computational modelling of NMs properties, interactions and effects on living systems.

An NGS approach for the identification of precise homoeologous recombination sites between A and C genomes in genus.

The introgression of heterologous genomes through interspecific hybridization offers a great opportunity to expand the gene pool of crops, thereby broadening the traits that can be targeted for improvement. The introgression of C genomic regions carrying desirable traits from (AACC) into the diploid (AA) via homoeologous recombination (HR) has been commonly used. However, the precise identification of HR sites remains a significant challenge, limiting the practical application of genome introgression via HR in breeding programs.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Brain-Cognition Fingerprinting via Graph-GCCA with Contrastive Learning.

Many longitudinal neuroimaging studies aim to improve the understanding of brain aging and diseases by studying the dynamic interactions between brain function and cognition. Doing so requires accurate encoding of their multidimensional relationship while accounting for individual variability over time. For this purpose, we propose an unsupervised learning model (called ntrastive Learning-based ph Generalized nonical Correlation Analysis (CoGraCa)) that encodes their relationship via Graph Attention Networks and generalized Canonical Correlational Analysis.

Thermodynamics Properties of Leucine and Isoleucine Peptides in Water.

Thermodynamic properties of amino acids explore the ideas about the energetic contribution in biomolecular interfaces. In our work, we have estimated the solvation free energy of leucine and isoleucine peptides with the variation of chain length or residues of different monomer units (n=1, 2, 4, 8 & 16) using molecular dynamic simulation. We modeled our system using OPLS-AA force field and TIP3P water model at 310 K temperature.

Furin-Mediated Modification Is Required for Epithelial Sodium Channel-Activating Activity of Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor in Cultured Collecting Duct Cells.

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) contains overlapping cleavage site for site-1 protease (S1P) and furin for generation of soluble PRR (sPRR). Although S1P-mediated cleavage mediates the release of sPRR, the functional implication of furin-mediated cleavage is unclear. Here we tested whether furin-mediated cleavage was required for the activity of sPRR in activating ENaC in cultured M-1 cells.

Increasing cellular NAD protects hepatocytes against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by preventing PARP-1 inhibition and the mTORC1-p300 pathway activation.

Hepatic lipotoxicity, resulting from excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic liver diseases. Despite recent progress, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Employing excessive exposure to palmitate in hepatocytes as our primary experimental model and mice studies, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms behind hepatic lipotoxicity, thereby developing potential treatments.

Gingival Debulking Surgery for a Child With Severe Aplastic Anemia: A Case Report.

Introduction: Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare condition that frequently manifests with pancytopenia. Management of severe disease is through either allogenic stem cell transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy with supportive care. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a potential complication of a number of medications, including cyclosporine and amlodipine.

Tau oligomers impair memory and synaptic plasticity through the cellular prion protein.

Deposition of abnormally phosphorylated tau aggregates is a central event leading to neuronal dysfunction and death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Among tau aggregates, oligomers (TauOs) are considered the most toxic. AD brains show significant increase in TauOs compared to healthy controls, their concentration correlating with the severity of cognitive deficits and disease progression.

Association of MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) gene polymorphism with the risk of congenital heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We did this study to better clarify the correlations of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1)-G1958A (rs2236225) gene polymorphism with the risk of congenital heart diseases (CHD) and its subgroups.

Methods: Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP database and Wanfang DATA until October 2023. We will use odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine the potential associations of MTHFD1- G1958A gene polymorphism with CHD and its subgroups.

Identifying households with children who have complex needs: a segmentation model for integrated care systems.

Background: Adversity in childhood is increasing in the United Kingdom. Complex health and social problems affecting children cluster in families where adults also have high need, but services are rarely aligned to support the whole family. Household level segmentation can help identify households most needing integrated support.

Functions of thyroid hormone signaling in regulating melanophore, iridophore, erythrophore, and pigment pattern formation in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus).

Background: Spotted scat, a marine aquaculture fish, has variable body color development stages during their ontogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of body color patterns formation was poorly understood. Thyroid hormones (TH) function as an important endocrine factor in regulating metamorphosis.

The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database.

Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies.

Quantification of ivermectin in veterinary products consumed off-label as a treatment for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused global pandemonium, and due to an unprecedented global response, the popularity and use of (veterinary) ivermectin, amongst many other conceivable 'treatments', experienced a meteoric rise. Ivermectin is a macrocyclic lactone compound belonging to the avermectin drug class and is a registered medicine in many countries, although the most common use is as veterinary medicine. In this study, a fast HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantification of ivermectin in veterinary products that were used off-label by a substantial number of people during COVID-19.

Rethinking the residual approach: leveraging statistical learning to operationalize cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive resilience (CR) describes the phenomenon of individuals evading cognitive decline despite prominent Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Operationalization and measurement of this latent construct is non-trivial as it cannot be directly observed. The residual approach has been widely applied to estimate CR, where the degree of resilience is estimated through a linear model's residuals.

A new method for assessing the health status of aerospace equipment based on a belief rule base with balanced accuracy and complexity.

The health status of aerospace equipment directly affects the operational capability of the entire system. Belief rule base (BRB) is an effective method for assessing health status that combines expert knowledge and historical data. However, in the actual assessment, the data provided by experts only form the basic framework of the model.

Capacitance enhancement by ion-laminated borophene-like layered materials.

Atomically flat two-dimensional networks of boron are attracting attention as post-graphene materials. An introduction of cations between the boron atomic layers can exhibit unique electronic functions that are not achieved by neutral graphene or its derivatives. In the present study, we propose a synthesis strategy for ion-laminated boron layered materials in a solution phase, which enables the preparation of analogs by changing the alkali-metal species.

A probe-based capture enrichment method for detection of A-to-I editing in low abundance transcripts.

Exactly two decades ago, the ability to use high-throughput RNA sequencing technology to identify sites of editing by ADARs was employed for the first time. Since that time, RNA sequencing has become a standard tool for researchers studying RNA biology and led to the discovery of RNA editing sites present in a multitude of organisms, across tissue types, and in disease. However, transcriptome-wide sequencing is not without limitations.

Bioinformatic approaches for accurate assessment of A-to-I editing in complete transcriptomes.

A-to-I RNA editing is an RNA modification that alters the RNA sequence relative to the its genomic blueprint. It is catalyzed by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes, and contributes to the complexity and diversification of the proteome. Advancement in the study of A-to-I RNA editing has been facilitated by computational approaches for accurate mapping and quantification of A-to-I RNA editing based on sequencing data.

Nanopore sequencing to detect A-to-I editing sites.

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, mediated by the ADAR family of enzymes, is pervasive in metazoans and functions as an important mechanism to diversify the proteome and control gene expression. Over the years, there have been multiple efforts to comprehensively map the editing landscape in different organisms and in different disease states. As inosine (I) is recognized largely as guanosine (G) by cellular machineries including the reverse transcriptase, editing sites can be detected as A-to-G changes during sequencing of complementary DNA (cDNA).

Effect of SARS-CoV2 Infection on Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes - Data from the Florida Stroke Registry.

Background And Purpose: Endovascular thrombectomy outcomes are impacted by changes in stroke systems of care. During the pandemic, SARS-CoV2 positive status had major implications on hospital arrival and treatment models of non-COVID related hospital admissions. Using the Florida Stroke Registry, we compared the rates of in-hospital death and discharge outcomes of patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy who tested positive for SARS-CoV2 infection during their hospitalization.

Iron-based driven chitosan quaternary ammonium salt self-gelling powder: Sealing uncontrollable bleeding and promoting wound healing.

Uncontrollable bleeding poses a significant risk of death and cost in wars, vehicle accidents, and first aid. Hence, in order to seal uncontrollable bleeding and promote wound healing, the Fe-driven chitosan quaternary ammonium salt self-gelling powder (QPF) was prepared using 5%QCS/AA/Fe with the 52.72 % ± 0.

Protein glycation compromises the bioavailability of milk protein-derived lysine in vivo in healthy adult males: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial.

Background: Industrial processing and storage of milk products can strongly increase protein glycation level. Previously, we have reported that ingestion of highly glycated milk protein attenuates the post-prandial rise in plasma lysine concentrations when compared to the ingestion of an equivalent amount of milk protein with a low glycation level. Whether the attenuated increase in plasma lysine availability is attributed to compromised protein digestion and subsequent lysine absorption remains to be established.