Consuming a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet reverses the peripheral lipid signature of Alzheimer's disease in humans.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with significant environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, influencing its onset and progression. Although previous studies have suggested that certain diets may reduce the incidence of AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Method: In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized crossover study of 20 elderly adults, we investigated the effects of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) on the plasma lipidome in the context of AD biomarkers, analyzing 784 lipid species across 47 classes using a targeted lipidomics platform.

Xalnesiran with or without an Immunomodulator in Chronic Hepatitis B.

Background: Xalnesiran, a small interfering RNA molecule that targets a conserved region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and silences multiple HBV transcripts, may have efficacy, with or without an immunomodulator, in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods: We conducted a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, controlled, adaptive, open-label platform trial that included the evaluation of 48 weeks of treatment with xalnesiran at a dose of 100 mg (group 1), xalnesiran at a dose of 200 mg (group 2), xalnesiran at a dose of 200 mg plus 150 mg of ruzotolimod (group 3), xalnesiran at a dose of 200 mg plus 180 μg of pegylated interferon alfa-2a (group 4), or a nucleoside or nucleotide analogue (NA) alone (group 5) in participants with chronic HBV infection who had virologic suppression with NA therapy. The primary efficacy end point was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss (HBsAg level, <0.

Tuning into urban birdsong: enhancing nature connectedness with an AI-powered wearable.

The rapid urbanization has led to the loss of natural spaces and a subsequent disconnection between humans and nature, negatively affecting residents' well-being and environmental awareness. There is a a growing interest in leveraging technology to address this gap in Human-Computer Interaction. This article introduces GoChirp, an AI-powered wearable device for enhancing nature relatedness within urban landscapes.

Extract Improves Vascular Dysfunction in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by impairing normal vascular function. Natural products are gaining momentum in the clinical setting due to their high efficacy and low toxicity. extract (CFE) has been shown to control appetite and promote weight loss; however, its effect on vascular function remains poorly understood.

Electrostatic Spray Drying of a Milk Protein Matrix-Impact on Maillard Reactions.

Electrostatic spray drying (ESD) of a milk protein matrix comprising whey protein isolate (WPI), skim milk powder (SMP), and lactose was compared to conventional spray drying (CSD) and freeze-drying (FD). ESD and CSD were used to produce powders at low (0.12-0.

Oncological resection and perioperative outcomes of robotic, laparoscopic and open pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma: a propensity score matched international multicenter cohort study.

Background: Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) typically presents at an early stage due to biliary obstruction and therefore might be specifically suitable for minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD). However, studies assessing MIPD specifically for AAC, including the robotic and laparoscopic approach, are limited. The aim of this study is to compare short- and long-term oncological resection and perioperative outcomes of robotic (RPD), laparoscopic (LPD) and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) performed specifically for AAC.

Patient-reported outcomes following ciltacabtagene autoleucel or standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4): results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: In CARTITUDE-4, ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) significantly improved progression-free survival (primary endpoint; previously reported) versus standard of care in patients with relapsed, lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. We report here patient-reported outcomes.

Methods: In the ongoing, phase 3, open-label CARTITUDE-4 study, patients were recruited from 81 sites in the USA, Europe, Asia, and Australia, and were randomly assigned 1:1 to cilta-cel (target, 0·75 × 10 CAR-T cells/kg) or standard of care (daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone; pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone).

The Future Hospital in Global Health Systems: The Future Hospital as an Entity.

Health care is changing rapidly. Hospitals are, and will remain, an essential setting to deliver it. We discuss how to maximise the benefits of hospitals in the future in different geographic and health system settings, highlighting a series of cross-cutting issues.

Unsymmetric hydroxylamine and hydrazine BAM15 derivatives as potent mitochondrial uncouplers.

Chemical mitochondrial uncouplers are protonophoric, lipophilic small molecules that transport protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix independent of ATP synthase, thus uncoupling nutrient oxidation from ATP production. Our previous work identified BAM15 (IC 0.27 μM) as a potent and efficacious mitochondrial uncoupler with potential for obesity treatment.

Gene Polymorphisms in Greek Primary Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct clinical subtypes, categorized by hormone receptor status, which exhibits different prognoses and requires personalized treatment approaches. These subtypes included luminal A and luminal B, which have different prognoses. Breast cancer development and progression involve many factors, including interferon-gamma ().

A stratified treatment algorithm in psychiatry: a program on stratified pharmacogenomics in severe mental illness (Psych-STRATA): concept, objectives and methodologies of a multidisciplinary project funded by Horizon Europe.

Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD) and major depression disorder (MDD) are severe psychiatric disorders that are challenging to treat, often leading to treatment resistance (TR). It is crucial to develop effective methods to identify and treat patients at risk of TR at an early stage in a personalized manner, considering their biological basis, their clinical and psychosocial characteristics. Effective translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice is essential for achieving this goal.

Toward Marker-Assisted Selection in Breeding for Wilt Tropical Race-4 Type Resistant Bananas.

wilt is a soil borne fungal disease that has devastated banana production in plantations around the world. Most Cavendish-type bananas are susceptible to strains of f. sp.

Interplay between A-site and oxygen-vacancy ordering, and mixed electron/oxide-ion conductivity in = 1 Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite SrNdZnO.

Oxygen vacancies in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites (PV) [AO][ABO] play a pivotal role in engineering functional properties and thus understanding the relationship between oxygen-vacancy distribution and physical properties can open up new strategies for fine manipulation of structure-driven functionalities. However, the structural origin of preferential distribution for oxygen vacancies in RP structures is not well understood, notably in the single-layer ( = 1) RP-structure. Herein, the = 1 RP phase SrNdZnO was rationally designed and structurally characterized by combining three-dimensional (3D) electron diffraction and neutron powder diffraction.

Comparative Effectiveness of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating COVID-19 Patients Infected With Omicron Variant: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Antiviral drugs likely remain effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, while monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have experienced drops in neutralizing ability. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to estimate the comparative effectiveness of antivirals and mAb therapies for treating COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron, capturing primarily acute outcomes. We searched multiple databases from July 4 to July 19, 2022, with updates through November 4, 2022.

Directed selective transport and enrichment of micropollutants by gradient hydrogels.

Selective autonomous enrichment of micropollutants in the aquatic media has attracted increasing attention because of their low concentration characteristics and diverse coexisting species. Herein, the gradient hydrogels were prepared via free redical polymerization of AA and NH-β-CD under the induction of unilateral UV illumination (P(AA-NH-β-CD)). The gradient hydrogels present autonomous enrichment towards Sb(III) with a higher selectivity both in single and binary solutions.

Predicting type 2 diabetes and testosterone effects in high-risk Australian men: development and external validation of a 2-year risk model.

Objective: We have shown that men aged 50 years+ at high risk of type 2 diabetes treated with testosterone together with a lifestyle program reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes at 2 years by 40% compared to a lifestyle program alone. To develop a personalized approach to treatment, we aimed to explore a prognostic model for incident type 2 diabetes at 2 years and investigate biomarkers predictive of the testosterone effect.

Design: Model development in 783 men with impaired glucose tolerance but not type 2 diabetes from Testosterone for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes; a multicenter, 2-year trial of Testosterone vs placebo.

Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology (THRIFT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of vision interventions and online banking among the elderly in Kurigram.

Introduction: Presbyopia, difficulty in seeing close-ups, affects a billion people globally. Mobile financial services (MFS) have been mandated since January 2021 for Bangladesh government social safety net payments, including old age allowance (OAA) and widow allowance (WA). We report the protocol for the Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology randomised trial assessing the impact on the use of online banking of providing presbyopic safety net beneficiaries with reading glasses, and brief smartphone and mobile banking app training.

Building global collaborative research networks in paediatric critical care: a roadmap.

Paediatric critical care units are designed for children at a vulnerable stage of development, yet the evidence base for practice and policy in paediatric critical care remains scarce. In this Health Policy, we present a roadmap providing strategic guidance for international paediatric critical care trials. We convened a multidisciplinary group of 32 paediatric critical care experts from six continents representing paediatric critical care research networks and groups.

Outcomes of Total Ankle Replacement Versus Ankle Arthrodesis for the Treatment of End-Stage Ankle Arthritis: A Concise Follow-up, at a Minimum of 10 Years, of a Previous Report.

Abstract: Despite the increasing utilization of total ankle replacement (TAR) for end-stage ankle arthritis, there remains a paucity of long-term follow-up data comparing arthroplasty to arthrodesis. The aim of the current paper was to provide the long-term clinical outcomes of TAR and ankle arthrodesis (AA), measured with use of validated scoring instruments, in a prospective multicenter cohort of patients with ankle arthritis. This cohort from the Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (COFAS) Prospective Ankle Reconstruction Database comprised patients who underwent TAR or AA between 2001 and 2007.

International workshop: what is needed to ensure outcome measures for Rett syndrome are fit-for-purpose for clinical trials? June 7, 2023, Nashville, USA.

Introduction: The clinical, research and advocacy communities for Rett syndrome are striving to achieve clinical trial readiness, including having fit-for-purpose clinical outcome assessments. This study aimed to (1) describe psychometric properties of clinical outcome assessment for Rett syndrome and (2) identify what is needed to ensure that fit-for-purpose clinical outcome assessments are available for clinical trials.

Methods: Clinical outcome assessments for the top 10 priority domains identified in the Voice of the Patient Report for Rett syndrome were compiled and available psychometric data were extracted.

Amino Acid Infusion for Kidney Protection in Cardiac Surgery Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Secondary Analysis of the PROTECTION Trial.

Background: In the PROTECTION trial, intravenous amino acids (AA) decreased the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Recruitment of renal functional reserve may be responsible for such protection. However, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have diminished renal functional reserve, and AA may be less protective in such patients.

Complications of total ankle arthroplasty versus ankle arthrodesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Ankle osteoarthritis affects 1-3 % of all adults. Contemporary evidence is equivocal when comparing the outcomes and complications of TAA and AA. This review aims to compare the complications between TAA and AA to provide surgeons with an additional perspective when managing ESAO.