The tradeoff of solitude? Restoration and relatedness across shades of solitude.

Social interaction and solitude entail tradeoffs. Communicate Bond Belong (CBB) theory holds that social interaction can foster relatedness with others at the cost of social energy, whereas solitude can restore social energy at the cost of relatedness. The current study empirically tests this tradeoff of solitude and its implications for well-being by investigating different degrees of solitude.

Ultra-wide band near-infrared (NIR) optical thermometry (12-673 K) performance enhanced by Stark sublevel splitting in Er ions near the first biological window in the PbZrTiO:Er/Yb phosphor.

The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) approach, which relies on thermally coupled levels (TCLs), is significantly important for optical thermometry at room temperature and above, but was found to be impractical for low temperature sensing due to limited population density (thermal) or lack of spectrum at extremely low temperatures. Herein, we report a wide temperature range (12-673 K) sensing capability of the PbZrTiO:Er/Yb (C1:PZT) phosphor utilising the bandwidth of Stark sublevel split near-infrared (NIR) emission bands as one sensing parameter and FIR as another. Motivated by our previous studies on upconversion (UC) and the promising thermometry performance of the C1:PZT phosphor for real time nanothermometer monitoring (using visible TCLs), this work extends to the same thermometry application using UC-NIR emission as TCLs.

Variability in perinatal sleep quality is associated with an atypical cortisol awakening response and increased mood symptoms.

Objective: Pregnancy is often typified with a decrease in sleep quality, which for many women, progressively worsens across gestation and into the postpartum. A mechanism linking poor sleep with certain adverse pregnancy outcomes is dysregulation of the HPA axis resulting in atypically elevated cortisol production. While total cortisol output normally increases across pregnancy, the cortisol awakening response (CAR), a response to waking up, is influenced by factors such as stress and mood.

Associations between defensive victim-blaming responses (DARVO), rape myth acceptance, and sexual harassment.

DARVO (Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender) is a response frequently exhibited by perpetrators of wrongdoing after being confronted or held accountable for their harmful behaviors. Consistent with the original conceptualization of DARVO as a strategy used by sex offenders to deflect blame and responsibility, sexual violence survivors report experiencing DARVO from their perpetrators following an assault. The purpose of the current study was to extend research on the connections between DARVO and sexual violence.

Candidate genes in canine hepatocellular carcinoma for molecular targeted therapy.

Objectives: Unresectable canine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has limited nonsurgical treatment options. Sorafenib is a targeted therapy for unresectable canine HCC. However, there are limited reports on the expression of target genes.

Rewriting History in Integrable Stochastic Particle Systems.

Many integrable stochastic particle systems in one space dimension (such as TASEP-Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process-and its -deformation, the -TASEP) remain integrable if we equip each particle with its own speed parameter. In this work, we present intertwining relations between Markov transition operators of particle systems which differ by a permutation of the speed parameters. These relations generalize our previous works (Petrov and Saenz in Probab Theory Relat Fields 182:481-530, 2022), (Petrov in SIGMA 17(021):34, 2021), but here we employ a novel approach based on the Yang-Baxter equation for the higher spin stochastic six vertex model.

Marine heatwaves and disease alter community metabolism and DOC fluxes on a widespread habitat-forming seagrass species (Zostera marina).

Climate change and disease are two major threats to maintaining healthy seagrass habitats. Seagrasses, and the ecosystems they support, play a critical ecological role in global carbon (C) cycles, providing key ecosystem services, such as blue carbon storage. Zostera marina (eelgrass), the most widespread seagrass species globally, is increasingly affected by warming and is also regularly infected by the endophytic pathogen Labyrinthula zosterae.

Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Capture from Diluted Streams with Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Capturing carbon dioxide from diluted streams, such as flue gas originating from natural gas combustion, can be achieved using recyclable, humidity-resistant porous materials. Three such materials were synthesized by chemically modifying the pores of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with Lewis basic functional groups. These materials included aluminum 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl) benzene (Al-TCPB) and two novel MOFs: Al-TCPB(OH), and Al-TCPB(NH), both isostructural to Al-TCPB, and chemically and thermally stable.

Generating Biomedical Knowledge Graphs from Knowledge Bases, Registries, and Multiomic Data.

As large clinical and multiomics datasets and knowledge resources accumulate, they need to be transformed into computable and actionable information to support automated reasoning. These datasets range from laboratory experiment results to electronic health records (EHRs). Barriers to accessibility and sharing of such datasets include diversity of content, size and privacy.

Assessing greenspace and cardiovascular health through deep-learning analysis of street-view imagery in a cohort of US children.

Background: Accurately capturing individuals' experiences with greenspace at ground-level can provide valuable insights into their impact on children's health. However, most previous research has relied on coarse satellite-based measurements.

Methods: We utilized CVH and residential address data from Project Viva, a US-based pre-birth cohort, tracking participants from mid-childhood to late adolescence (2007-21).

Peer-assisted telemedicine for hepatitis C in people who use drugs: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination requires treating people who use drugs (PWUD), yet fewer than 10% of PWUD in the United States access HCV treatment and access is especially limited in rural communities.

Methods: We randomized PWUD with HCV viremia and past 90-day injection drug or non-prescribed opioid use in seven rural Oregon counties to peer-assisted telemedicine HCV treatment (TeleHCV) versus peer-assisted referral to local providers (enhanced usual care; EUC). Peers supported screening and pre-treatment laboratory evaluation for all participants and facilitated telemedicine visits, medication delivery, and adherence for TeleHCV participants.

Association of Postpartum Temperature Exposure with Postpartum Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Southern California.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) has been associated with biological, emotional, social, and environmental factors. However, evidence regarding the effect of temperature on PPD is extremely limited.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the associations between postpartum temperature exposure and PPD.

How can robots facilitate physical, cognitive, and social engagement in skilled nursing facilities?

As people live longer, the population of older adults in need of support continues to expand relative to the available workforce of caregivers, necessitating new solutions to supplement caregiver availability for the physical, cognitive, and social needs of older adults. Robotics and automation present strong possible solutions. Past solutions have typically supported short-term rehabilitation and aging in place, yet many older adults live in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), a setting reached by relatively little research to date.

Direct Observations of Coastally Generated Near-Inertial Waves During a Wind Event.

Wind over the ocean generates near-inertial velocities. In the open ocean, horizontal variability in the inertial frequency and mesoscale vorticity generate internal waves that transport energy laterally and drive diapcynal mixing in remote locations. In the coastal ocean, horizontal variability is produced by the coastline.

Model-Measurement Comparisons for Surfactant-Containing Aerosol Droplets.

Surfactants are important components of atmospheric aerosols, potentially impacting their hygroscopic growth and eventual activation into cloud droplets. By adsorbing at the air-water interface, surfactants lower the surface tension of aqueous systems. However, in microscopic aerosol droplets, the bulk surfactant concentration can become depleted because of the droplets' high surface-area-to-volume ratio, reducing the bulk surfactant concentration at equilibrium and increasing droplet surface tension.

Multiscale Modeling of Nanoparticle Precipitation in Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Steels Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) enables the efficient production of near-net-shape oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys, which possess superior mechanical properties due to oxide nanoparticles (e.g., yttrium oxide, Y-O, and yttrium-titanium oxide, Y-Ti-O) embedded in the alloy matrix.

Discovery of subsp. Lytic Phages with Extensive Host Range Across Rapid- and Slow-Growing Pathogenic Mycobacterial Species.

Background/objectives: Developing interventions for Johne's disease, which focuses on controlling subsp. (MAP) in contaminated environments by treating infected cows and preventing transmission from diseased animals, is a critical priority. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy, an emerging biological intervention, offers a promising alternative for the treatment and management of MAP infections.

Wildfire Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy: Consensus-Building to Co-Create a Community-Engaged Study.

Relative to other Oregon counties, Klamath County experiences worse air quality due to wildfire smoke, as well as elevated rates of infant mortality and low birthweight. Klamath County Public Health (KCPH) raised concerns that wildfire smoke is a contributor to poor infant health. Thus, we built a multidisciplinary team and designed a community-engaged research (CEnR) project to capture community and individual-level exposure to wildfire smoke contaminants, alongside perinatal health outcomes.

The Toxic Masculinity Scale: Development and Initial Validation.

The present study sought to develop and validate the Toxic Masculinity Scale (TMS). Following scale development best practices, a thorough review of the literature and existing measures was conducted. Next, a qualitative inquiry using a grounded theory approach was employed to develop a data-driven definition of toxic masculinity and 165 proposed instrument items.