High-Temperature and High-Electron Mobility Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Based on N-Type Diamond.

Diamond holds the highest figure-of-merits among all the known semiconductors for next-generation electronic devices far beyond the performance of conventional semiconductor silicon. To realize diamond integrated circuits, both n- and p-channel conductivity are required for the development of diamond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, as those established for semiconductor silicon. However, diamond CMOS has never been achieved due to the challenge in n-type channel MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

Feeble Single-Atom Pd Catalysts for H Production from Formic Acid.

Single-atom catalysts are thought to be the pinnacle of catalysis. However, for many reactions, their suitability has yet to be unequivocally proven. Here, we demonstrate why single Pd atoms (Pd) are not catalytically ideal for generating H from formic acid as a H carrier.

Ionic Liquid Interface as a Cell Scaffold.

In sharp contrast to conventional solid/hydrogel platforms, water-immiscible liquids, such as perfluorocarbons and silicones, allow the adhesion of mammalian cells via protein nanolayers (PNLs) formed at the interface. However, fluorocarbons and silicones, which are typically used for liquid cell culture, possess only narrow ranges of physicochemical parameters and have not allowed for a wide variety of cell culturing environments. In this paper, it is proposed that water-immiscible ionic liquids (ILs) are a new family of liquid substrates with tunable physicochemical properties and high solvation capabilities.

Subphthalocyanines as fluorescence sensors for metal cations.

Subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) and their aza-analogues (SubTPyzPzs) are fluorophores with strong orange fluorescence emission; however, their sensing ability towards metal cations remains uncharted. To fill this gap, we have developed an efficient method for introducing aza-crown moieties at the axial position of SubPcs and SubTPyzPzs to investigate the structure-activity relationship for sensing alkali (Li, Na, K) and alkaline earth metal (Ca, Mg, Ba) cations. SubPcs showed better photostability than SubTPyzPzs and even a commonly utilized dye, 6-carboxyfluorescein.

Materials Nanoarchitectonics at Dynamic Interfaces: Structure Formation and Functional Manipulation.

The next step in nanotechnology is to establish a methodology to assemble new functional materials based on the knowledge of nanotechnology. This task is undertaken by nanoarchitectonics. In nanoarchitectonics, we architect functional material systems from nanounits such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials.

Photoinduced Puffing with Large Volume Expansion and Photomechanical Motions induced by Topochemical [4+4] Reactions in Molecular Crystal Solvates.

In this work, we report the first example of two crystal solvates of an anthracene-benzhydrazide based molecule (Ant) that display very distinct photo-responsive behaviour when 365 or 405 nm or visible light is illuminated. For the first time, the crystal hydrate that has water molecule in the lattice (hereafter named as Ant-HO) display fascinating puffing behavior with large volume expansion upto 50 % accompanied with surface modulation when illuminated with 405 nm light, a phenomenon very much similar to the rice or popcorn puffing by thermal treatment. Utilizing the properties of photoconverted Ant-HO crystals, we have demonstrated their application in photoinduced enhanced liquid absorption using various liquids/solutions.

Nanomechanical Mapping of Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Electrodes in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Configuration during Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation.

An bimodal atomic force microscopy system was constructed to perform nanomechanical mapping of an amorphous Si thin film electrode deposited on a LiLaZrTaO solid electrolyte sheet during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. The evolution of Young's modulus maps of the Si electrode was successfully tracked as a function of apparent Li content in lithium silicide (LiSi) simultaneously with real-time surface topography observation. At the initial stage of lithiation, the average modulus steeply decreased due to the generation of LiSi from intrinsic Si, followed by a moderate modulus reduction until the electrode capacity reached 3300 mAh g (Li content = 3.

Lateral Heterometal Junction Rectifier Fabricated by Sequential Transmetallation of Coordination Nanosheet.

Heterostructures of two-dimensional materials realise novel and enhanced physical phenomena, making them attractive research targets. Compared to inorganic materials, coordination nanosheets have virtually infinite combinations, leading to tunability of physical properties and are promising candidates for heterostructure fabrication. Although stacking of coordination materials into vertical heterostructures is widely reported, reports of lateral coordination material heterostructures are few.

Extensive antibody search with whole spectrum black-box optimization.

In designing functional biological sequences with machine learning, the activity predictor tends to be inaccurate due to shortage of data. Top ranked sequences are thus unlikely to contain effective ones. This paper proposes to take prediction stability into account to provide domain experts with a reasonable list of sequences to choose from.

Quantitative Analysis of Photochemical Reactions in Pentacene Precursor Films.

On-surface reactions are rapidly gaining attention as a chemical technique for synthesizing organic functional materials, such as graphene nanoribbons and molecular semiconductors. Quantitative analysis of such reactions is essential for fabricating high-quality film structures, but until our recent work using p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (pMAIRS), no analytical technique is available to quantify the reaction rate. In the present study, the pMAIRS technique is employed to analyze the photochemical reaction from 6,13-dihydro-6,13-ethanopentacene-15,16-dione to pentacene in thin films.

Ultrasensitive Visual Tracking of Toxic Cyanide Ions in Biological Samples Using Biocompatible Metal-Organic Frameworks Architectures.

The extraordinary accumulation of cyanide ions within biological cells is a severe health risk. Detecting and tracking toxic cyanide ions within these cells by simple and ultrasensitive methodologies are of immense curiosity. Here, continuous tracking of ultimate levels of CN-ions in HeLa cells was reported employing biocompatible branching molecular architectures (BMAs).

A Design Strategy for Surface Nanostructures to Realize Sensitive Refractive-Index Optical Sensors.

Refractive-index optical sensors have been extensively studied. Originally, they were surface plasmon resonance sensors using only a flat gold film. Currently, to develop practically useful label-free optical sensors, numerous proposals for refractive index sensors have been made using various nanostructures composed of metals and dielectrics.

Room-Temperature Columnar Liquid Crystals from Twisted and Macrocyclic 9,9'-Bifluorenylidene Mesogen with Ambipolar Carrier Transport Properties.

We herein report the synthesis and characterization of a series of twisted and conjugated 9,9'-bifluorenylidene () derivatives and a ladder-shaped cyclic dimer () bearing eight long alkoxy chains at peripheral positions. These contorted aromatics formed hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline mesophases over a wide temperature range, including room temperature. Ambipolar carrier transport properties with electron and hole mobility values of approximately 10 and 10 cm V s, respectively, were achieved for the derivatives forming a monodomain orientation at ambient temperature.

TurboGenius: Python suite for high-throughput calculations of ab initio quantum Monte Carlo methods.

TurboGenius is an open-source Python package designed to fully control ab initio quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) jobs using a Python script, which allows one to perform high-throughput calculations combined with TurboRVB [Nakano et al. J. Phys.

Ferroic Order for Anisotropic Magnetic Dipole Term in Collinear Antiferromagnets of (t_{2g})^{4} System.

We present the possibility of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism on RuO_{2} with collinear antiferromagnetism (AFM). Given that the crystal symmetry breaks the time reversal symmetry when the antiparallel spin aligns along the [100] direction, the expectation vector of the anisotropic magnetic dipole operator ⟨t⟩ remains uncanceled along the [010] direction. Our Letter reveals that the magnetic dipole (T_{z}) term in the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism is induced by the residual ⟨t⟩.

Theoretical and DFT Study of Atypical Pentanuclear [(PrP)Ni]H ( = 4, 6, 8) Clusters: What are the Rules?

The structure, bonding, and properties of a series of atypical pentanuclear nickel hydride clusters supported by electron-rich PrP of the type [(PrP)Ni]H ( = 4, 6, 8; , , ) and their anionic models where PrP are substituted by H (, , ) were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All clusters were calculated to adopt a similar square pyramidal core geometry. Calculations indicate singlet ground states with small singlet-triplet gaps for and , similar to previously reported experimental values.

Quadrupole anomalous Hall effect in magnetically induced electron nematic state.

Berry phases in both momentum and real space cause transverse motion in itinerant electrons, manifesting various off-diagonal transport effect such anomalous and topological Hall effects. Although these Hall effects are isotropic within the plane perpendicular to the fictitious magnetic field, here, we report the manifestation of the anisotropic linear anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the spinel oxide NiCoO epitaxial film. The unconventional Hall effect indicates a quadrupole dependence on the in-plane current direction being added to the uniform AHE.

Observation of the Fluctuation Spin Hall Effect in a Low-Resistivity Antiferromagnet.

The spin Hall effect (SHE) can generate a pure spin current by an electric current, which is promisingly used to electrically control magnetization. To reduce the power consumption of this control, a giant spin Hall angle (SHA) in the SHE is desired in low-resistivity systems for practical applications. Here, critical spin fluctuation near the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase transition in chromium (Cr) is proven to be an effective mechanism for creating an additional part of the SHE, named the fluctuation spin Hall effect.

Long and isolated graphene nanoribbons by on-surface polymerization on Au(111).

Low electronic gap graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are used for the fabrication of nanomaterial-based devices and, when isolated, for mono-molecular electronics experiences, for which a well-controlled length is crucial. Here, an on-surface chemistry protocol is monitored for producing long and well-isolated GNR molecular wires on an Au(111) surface. The two-step Ullmann coupling reaction is sequenced in temperature from 100 °C to 350 °C by steps of 50 °C, returning at room temperature between each step and remaining in ultrahigh vacuum conditions.

Tungsten Nitride/Tungsten Oxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Oxynitride Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation in Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia.

Electrochemical NO reduction reaction (NORR) is a promising technique for green NH synthesis. Tungsten oxide (WO) has been regarded as an effective electrocatalyst for electrochemical NH synthesis. However, the weak adsorption and the sluggish hydrogenation of oxynitride intermediates (NO, e.

Two-Dimensional Nanoarchitectonics for Two-Dimensional Materials: Interfacial Engineering of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides.

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted increasing attention in fundamental studies and technological applications owing to their atomically thin thickness, expanded interlayer distance, motif band gap, and phase-transition ability. Even though TMDs have a wide variety of material assets from semiconductor to semimetallic to metallic, the materials with fixed features may not show excellence for precise application. As a result of exclusive crystalline polymorphs, physical and chemical assets of TMDs can be efficiently modified via various approaches of interface nanoarchitectonics, including heteroatom doping, heterostructure, phase engineering, reducing size, alloying, and hybridization.

Spontaneous generation of singlet oxygen on microemulsion-derived manganese oxides with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient aerobic oxidation.

Developing innovative catalysts for efficiently activating O into singlet oxygen (O) is a cutting-edge field with the potential to revolutionize green chemical synthesis. Despite its potential, practical implementation remains a significant challenge. In this study, we design a series of nitrogen (N)-doped manganese oxides (N-MnO, where represents the molar amount of the N precursor used) nanocatalysts using compartmentalized-microemulsion crystallization followed by post-calcination.

Redox-based ion-gating reservoir consisting of (104) oriented LiCoO film, assisted by physical masking.

Reservoir computing (RC) is a machine learning framework suitable for processing time series data, and is a computationally inexpensive and fast learning model. A physical reservoir is a hardware implementation of RC using a physical system, which is expected to become the social infrastructure of a data society that needs to process vast amounts of information. Ion-gating reservoirs (IGR) are compact and suitable for integration with various physical reservoirs, but the prediction accuracy and operating speed of redox-IGRs using WO as the channel are not sufficient due to irreversible Li trapping in the WO matrix during operation.

Kinetic study of NADPH activation using ubiquinone-rhodol fluorescent probe and an Ir-complex promoter at the cell interior.

Nicotine adenine dinucleotide derivatives NADH and NADPH are intimately involved in energy and electron transport within cells. The fluorescent ubiquinone-rhodol (Q-Rh) probe is used for NADPH activation monitoring. Q-Rh reacts with NADPH yielding its quenched hydroquinone-rhodol (HQ-Rh) form with concurrent NADPH activation ( NADP formation).