Enablers and inhibitors of nursing and midwifery leadership in Pacific Island collectivist cultures.

Aim: To identify and explore inhibitors and enablers of nursing and midwifery leadership in the Pacific; to develop context-specific recommendations for policy and practice.

Background: Many Pacific Island countries experience poor health outcomes and are vulnerable to climate-related health emergencies. Nursing and midwifery leadership is essential to improve regional health outcomes through influencing policy decisions, strengthening health systems and ensuring optimal health workforce utilisation.

Relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Although meteorological factors are connected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) incidence, available findings have been inconsistent. This study was performed to systematically evaluate the correlation between meteorological factors and SFTS incidence.

Methods: We performed a thorough literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases from databases initiatives to November 30, 2024.

How to: share and reuse data - challenges and solutions from PrIMAVeRa project.

Background: Data sharing accelerates scientific progress and improves evidence quality. Even though journals and funding institutions require investigators to share data, only a small part of studies made their data publicly available upon publication. The procedures necessary to share retrospective data for re-use in secondary data analysis projects can be cumbersome.

Educational attainment as a potential effect modifier of alcohol use and 100% alcohol-attributable mortality in the United States-A longitudinal analysis of mortality linked survey data from 1997 to 2018.

Aims: To measure effects between educational attainment and alcohol use as a driver of unequal alcohol-attributable mortality.

Design: Nation-wide cohort study using a longitudinal design, linking data from the 1997-2018 National Health Interview Survey to mortality data of the National Death Index in 2019. The study has an average follow-up time of 10.

Higher Levels of Dispositional Mindfulness Are Associated With More Effective Ecological Momentary Intervention Outcomes in Reducing the Frequency of Awake Bruxism Behaviours.

Background: Previous research has highlighted the multifactorial nature of awake bruxism (AB), including its associations with stress, anxiety and other psychological factors. Dispositional mindfulness, known for its benefits in enhancing emotional regulation and reducing stress, has not yet been thoroughly investigated in association with AB.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether levels of dispositional mindfulness predict the efficacy of ecological momentary intervention (EMI) in reducing the frequency of AB behaviours.

Laboratory Comparison of Rapid Antigen Diagnostic Tests for Lymphatic Filariasis: STANDARD Q Filariasis Antigen Test (QFAT) Versus Bioline Filariasis Test Strip (FTS).

Accurate rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are needed to diagnose lymphatic filariasis (LF) in global elimination programmes. We evaluated the performance of the new STANDARD Q Filariasis Antigen Test (QFAT) against the Bioline Filariasis Test Strip (FTS) for detecting antigen (Ag) in laboratory conditions, using serum (n = 195) and plasma (n = 189) from LF-endemic areas (Samoa, American Samoa and Myanmar) and Australian negative controls (n = 46). The prior Ag status of endemic samples (54.

YAT2150 is irresistible in Plasmodium falciparum and active against Plasmodium vivax and Leishmania clinical isolates.

We recently characterized the potent antiplasmodial activity of the aggregated protein dye YAT2150, whose presumed mode of action is the inhibition of protein aggregation in the malaria parasite. Using single-dose and ramping methods, assays were done to select Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to YAT2150 concentrations ranging from 3× to 0.25× the in vitro IC of the compound (in the two-digit nM range) and performed a cross-resistance assessment in P.

Ultraviolet radiation vs air filtration to mitigate virus laden aerosol in an occupied clinical room.

Mitigation measures against infectious aerosols are desperately needed. We aimed to: 1) compare germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) at 254 nm (254-GUV) and 222 nm (222-GUV) with portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to inactivate/remove airborne bacteriophage ϕX174, 2) measure the effect of air mixing on the effectiveness of 254-GUV, and 3) determine the relative susceptibility of ϕX174, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A(H3N2) to GUV (254 nm, 222 nm). A nebulizer generated ϕX174 laden aerosols in an occupied clinical room (sealed-low flow).

Trends and Association between Smoking and the Socio-Demographic Index Among 11 South American Countries, 1990-2019.

Objectives: To examine prevalence trends in the use of smoked tobacco products in 11 South American (SA) countries (i.e., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela) and their association with country-specific socio-demographic index (SDI) over 30 years.

Policy options for sustainable access to off-patent antibiotics in Europe.

Securing sustainable access to existing antibiotics optimises agent choice for individual treatments and is crucial to curb antibiotic resistance. Access to antibiotics is often restricted in many countries, due to general market unavailability or episodic shortages. This article outlines key policy options to maintain availability of existing antibiotics and enhance antibiotic supply chain resilience focusing on the perspectives of European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) institutions and member states.

Flumequine, a fluoroquinolone in disguise.

Fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates from livestock in Europe remains high despite EMA restrictions on fluoroquinolone use in animals. However, flumequine, a quinolone not classified as a fluoroquinolone by various regulatory bodies, is still used in livestock in the Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and France.

Haplotypes of Chloroquine Resistance Marker Genes Among Uncomplicated Malaria Cases in Lagos, Nigeria.

Drug resistance resulting from mutations in Plasmodium falciparum, that caused the failure of previously effective malaria drugs, has continued to threaten the global malaria elimination goal. This study describes the profiles of P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and P.

[Prevalence and genetic characteristics of infections among HIV-positive individuals in Jiangxi Province].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of infection and the distribution of parasite species and genotypes among HIV-positive individuals in Jiangxi Province.

Methods: HIV-positive individuals' sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from three AIDS designated hospitals in Jiangxi Province from January 2022 to March 2023. Subjects' stool samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from stool samples.

[Health education and health promotion during the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination Ⅰ Investigation on health education needs and available resource based on integration of community resources].

Objective: To investigate the health education needs and available resources in schistosomiasis-endemic areas based on integration of community resources, and to explore the operation pathways for health education and promotion during the stage of schistosomiasis elimination.

Methods: A community was selected from Nanji Township, Xinjian District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province around the Poyang Lake areas as the study site, and a questionnaire survey on health education needs for schistosomiasis control was conducted among permanent residents at ages of 20 years in the community during the period between June and July, 2022 using face-to-face interviews. In addition, the resources available for the community-based schistosomiasis control health education were investigated among workers in township-level specialized institutions, members of civil society organizations, villagers, teachers and high and primary school students through field observations, field surveys and thematic interviews.

Predicting dengue incidence in high-risk areas of China through the integration of Southeast Asian and local meteorological factors.

Dengue, a climate-sensitive mosquito-borne viral disease, is endemic in many tropical and subtropical areas, with Southeast Asia bearing the highest burden. In China, dengue epidemics are primarily influenced by imported cases from Southeast Asia. By integrating monthly maximum temperature and precipitation from Southeast Asia and local provinces in China, we aim to build models to predict dengue incidence in high-risk areas of China.

Proteomic Identification and Functional Analysis of Reveals Heparin-Binding Proteins.

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules on the surface of red blood cells play an important regulatory role in the invasion of merozoites of apicomplexan protozoa. Heparan sulfate, a type of GAG molecule, has been identified as an important receptor facilitating the invasion of red blood cells by these parasites. Proteins in the parasite that exhibit strong affinity for heparin may play a pivotal role in this invasion process.

Study of Children Aged Under 2 Years Admitted With RSV at Four Australian Hospitals [2021-2022].

Aims: Primary aim was to review severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) hospitalisations caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children aged < 2 years in paediatric hospitals in Australia. Secondary aims included RSV subtyping, assessing RSV seasonality and contributing to the World Health Organisation's RSV surveillance programme.

Methods: We prospectively reviewed the medical records of children (< 2 years of age) with a confirmed SARI who were admitted to one of four major Australian paediatric hospitals and had a respiratory sample analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Tests for diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage at vaginal birth.

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Accurate diagnosis of PPH can prevent adverse outcomes by enabling early treatment.

Objectives: What is the accuracy of methods (index tests) for diagnosing primary PPH (blood loss ≥ 500 mL in the first 24 hours after birth) and severe primary PPH (blood loss ≥ 1000 mL in the first 24 hours after birth) (target conditions) in women giving birth vaginally (participants) compared to weighed blood loss measurement or other objective measurements of blood loss (reference standards)?

Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.

Antibody responses against influenza A decline with successive years of annual influenza vaccination.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity can be compromised with repeated vaccination. We assessed immunological markers in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) from six public hospitals around Australia during 2020-2021. Sera were collected pre-vaccination and ~14 and ~180 days post-vaccination and assessed in haemagglutination inhibition assay against egg-grown vaccine and equivalent cell-grown viruses.

Effectiveness of a stepped-care programme of WHO psychological interventions in a population of migrants: results from the RESPOND randomized controlled trial.

Migrant populations - including labour migrants, undocumented migrants, asylum seekers, refugees, internationally displaced persons, and other populations on the move - are exposed to a variety of stressors that affect their mental health. We designed and tested the effectiveness of a stepped-care programme consisting of two scalable psychological interventions developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and locally adapted for migrant populations. A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in Italy.

Improving influenza forecast in the tropics and subtropics: a case study of Hong Kong.

Influenza forecasts could aid public health response as shown for temperate regions, but such efforts are more challenging in the tropics and subtropics due to more irregular influenza activities. Here, we built six forecast approaches for influenza in the (sub)tropics, with six model forms designed to model seasonal infection risk (i.e.

Disparities in response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to sex and age: A systematic review.

Background: The rapid development and distribution of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines has been essential in containing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic around the globe. For ongoing and future immunization campaigns globally, there is a need to evaluate the impact of population demographics such as age and sex, on vaccine efficacy and safety.

Methods: This systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42023328245) conducted according to PRISMA guidelines evaluates the impact of age and sex on the safety and efficacy of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations administrated in 15 studies that were chosen according to strict criteria.