5,258 results match your criteria: "(Homi Bhabha National Institute)[Affiliation]"

« Augmented radiotherapy » in the management of high-risk prostate cancer (PCa): a systematic review.

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol

January 2025

Centre de Radiothérapie Charlebourg, La Défense, Groupe Amethyst, 65, avenue Foch, 92250 La Garenne-Colombes, France; Department of radiation oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.

Background: In patients with high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), intensification with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) improves overall survival (OS), at the cost of significant side-effects. We hypothesized that "augmented RT" schedules (defined as either dose-escalation on the prostate gland over 78Gy and/or addition of whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT)), combined with long-term ADT can reach excellent prostate cancer specific survival (PCSS) in this population with little detrimental impact on quality of life.

Methods: We searched Pubmed database until February 8, 2024.

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Susceptibility to pseudoexfoliation linked to intronic variant rs4926246 in CACNA1A: Evidence from an Indian population study.

Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech

January 2025

School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India. Electronic address:

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is an age-related, complex systemic disorder of protein aggregopathy. It is characterized by the extracellular fibril depositions, termed PEX fibrils, initially observed in various organ tissues during pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) and with significant prominence in the eye during advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG). The study explores the association between CACNA1 A (calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1 A subunit) variants and PEX in an Indian population.

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The efficacy of photodynamic treatment (PDT) against deep-seated tumor is hindered by low penetration depth of light as well as hypoxic conditions which prevails in tumor. To overcome this limitation, Near-infrared (NIR) absorbing photosensitizers have been investigated actively. In the present study we evaluated the PDT efficacy of an NIR absorbing chlorophyll derivative 'Cycloimide Purpurin-18 (CIPp-18)' in Human Breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela) cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

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Availability of a suitable tool for carrying out non-invasive measurement of Raman signatures in situ, from biological tissues having low Raman cross section is a clinically unmet need faced with manifold challenges. A Raman probe can prove to be an invaluable component of clinical Raman diagnostic systems. We present development of a Raman probe capable of measuring artefact free Raman spectra of biological tissues in situ.

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Purpose: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are in general treated with conventional fractionation regimen of 1.8-2 Gy per fraction. Altered fractionation (ALFT) strategies such as hypofractionation radiotherapy (HYPO-RT), accelerated fractionation radiotherapy (AFRT), and hyperfractionation radiotherapy (HFRT) have not been practiced uniformly across centers in different parts of the world.

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Learning curve and proficiency assessment for gynecological brachytherapy amongst radiation oncology trainees in India: Results from a prospective study.

Brachytherapy

January 2025

Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, India. Electronic address:

Purpose: The quality of cervical cancer intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) depends on the training and experience of the radiation oncologist (RO). The present study was performed to establish primary learning curve for ICBT.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three skill parameters were identified for performing ICBT and were included for Brachytherapy Proficiency Assessment and Scoring System (Brachy-PASS) questionnaire.

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Understanding the resistive switching (RS) behavior of oxide-based memory devices at nanoscale is crucial for advancement of high-integration density in-memory computing platforms. This study explores a comprehensive growth parameter space to address the RS behavior of pulsed-laser-deposited substoichiometric TiO (TiO) thin films in search of tailored nanoscale memristors with low-power consumption and high stability. Conductive-atomic-force-microscopy-based measurements facilitate deciphering the switching behavior at nanoscale, providing a direct avenue to understand the microstructure-property relationships.

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The precise identification of various toxic gases is important to prevent health and environmental hazards using cost-effective, efficient, metal oxide-based chemiresistive sensing methods. This study explores the sensing properties of a chemiresistive sensor based on a ZnSnO-SnO microcomposite for detecting -butanol vapours. The microcomposite, enriched with oxygen vacancies, was thoroughly characterized, confirming its structure, crystallinity, morphology and elemental composition.

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We explore the role of activity in the occurrence of the Mpemba effect within a system of an active colloid diffusing in a potential landscape devoid of metastable minimum. The Mpemba effect is characterized by a phenomenon where a hotter system reaches equilibrium quicker than a colder one when both are rapidly cooled to the same low temperature. While a minimal asymmetry in the potential landscape is crucial for observing this effect in passive colloidal systems, the introduction of activity can either amplify or reduce the threshold of this minimal asymmetry, resulting in the activity-induced and suppressed Mpemba effect.

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Intrathecal pemetrexed in NSCLC patients with leptomeningeal metastasis.

Ecancermedicalscience

October 2024

Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400012, India.

Spread of lung cancer to the leptomeninges is rare and difficult to treat. Standard therapy comprises CNS-penetrant targeted agents with or without intrathecal chemotherapy. We performed a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with advanced NSCLC and leptomeningeal disease treated with intrathecal pemetrexed 50 mg.

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Unravelling Eribulin's role in metastatic breast cancer: evaluating benefits for both triple negative and non-triple negative patients in real-world scenarios in resource-constrained settings.

Ecancermedicalscience

November 2024

Department of Palliative Medicine, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre and Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Varanasi 221005, India.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients have numerous options for treatment. However, it is essential to consider treatments with favorable toxicity profiles and convenient modes of administration. Eribulin has shown effectiveness in aggressive MBC, but there is a lack of sufficient real-world data specific to Indian patients.

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Why cancer cells disproportionately accumulate polyubiquitinated proteotoxic proteins despite high proteasomal activity is an outstanding question. While mis-regulated ubiquitination is a contributing factor, here we show that a structurally-perturbed and sub-optimally functioning proteasome is at the core of altered proteostasis in tumors. By integrating the gene coexpression signatures of proteasomal subunits in breast cancer (BrCa) patient tissues with the atomistic details of 26S holocomplex, we find that the transcriptional deregulation induced-stoichiometric imbalances perpetuate with disease severity.

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Magnetic field-dependent magnetization of highly crystalline FeO magnetic nanoparticles has been carried out to understand surface canting structures at low and room temperatures. The exchange bias () values of ∼18 to 27 Oe at 300 K for three samples prepared from different precursors are observed; and a decrease in value is obtained when the samples are measured at 5 K. However, with a decrease in temperature, coercivity () increases.

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The orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) based method is a convenient tool to carry out electronic structure calculations scaling almost linearly with the number of electrons. However, the main impediment in the application of this method is the unavailability of the accurate form for the non-interacting kinetic energy functional in terms of electron density. The Pauli kinetic energy functional is the unknown part of the kinetic energy functional, and the corresponding Pauli potential appears in the governing Euler equation.

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CuI cubane-type secondary building units are reticulated with a piperazine linker at room temperature to crystallize the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) CuI(Pip) in a non-centrosymmetric 622 space group. For the first time, cubane cluster type MOF's strong piezoelectric nature has been studied by switching spectroscopy piezo force microscopy (SS-PFM) and piezo force microscopy (PFM) mapping of the crystal, with piezoelectric constant () ∼52.33 pm V, highlighting its potential for mechanical energy harvesting processes.

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Linear-no-threshold concept for evaluating arsenic toxicity in rice grains.

J Hazard Mater

December 2024

Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085,  India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India. Electronic address:

Arsenic (As) is a potent carcinogen that enters the human food chain mainly through rice, which is one of the staple food crops worldwide. During February 2022, a market survey was conducted and 500 samples of rice grains were collected across 41 different locations in Mumbai/Navi-Mumbai. On the basis of grain As-accumulation, samples were grouped into three categories including low- (0-30 ng g DW), medium- (31-70 ng g DW) or high- (>71 ng g DW).

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Aeromonas inhabit diverse aquatic habitats and are recognized as both opportunistic and primary pathogens of fish and humans. This study delineates the biochemical and gyrB sequence-based molecular identification of 14 Aeromonas strains isolated from aquatic environments in Kerala, India, identifying them as A. dhakensis (50%), A.

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Extensive research on ultrashort laser-induced melting of noble metals like Au, Ag and Cu is available. However, studies on laser energy deposition and thermal damage of their alloys, which are currently attracting interest for energy harvesting and storage devices, are limited. This study investigates the melting damage threshold (DT) of three intermetallic alloys of Au and Cu (AuCu, AuCu and AuCu) subjected to single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation, comparing them with their constituent metals.

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In this study, a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of Rituximab and Chlorambucil (Rituximab-CMB) was synthesized. The average number of drug molecules attached per Rituximab molecule was determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing a range of 4-6 drug molecules per antibody. To further improve the therapeutic potential of the ADC, it was radiolabeled with the therapeutic radionuclide Lu via a DOTA chelator, achieving a final radiochemical purity of over 95%.

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Aims: Gut dysbiosis modulates CNS complications and cognitive decline through the gut-brain axis. The study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis-associated cognitive changes and the potential effects of probiotics in high fat-high carbohydrate diet-induced gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration.

Materials And Methods: We used high fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD) and high-fat diet (HFD) to induce gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration in C57BL/6 mice.

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Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical research, personal expertise, and patient values. The most robust forms of clinical evidence, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies, provide the strongest support for medical decision-making. RCTs are vital in radiology for evaluating new imaging technologies, contrast agents, and therapeutic procedures, despite challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical practice.

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Sub-cellular organelle anomalies are frequently observed in diseases such as cancer. Early and precise diagnosis of these alterations can be crucial for patient outcomes. However, current diagnostic tools using conventional organic dyes or metal quantum dots face limitations, including poor biocompatibility, stringent storage conditions, limited solubility in aqueous media, and slow staining speeds.

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The recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed serious threats to global health systems. Although several directions have been put by the WHO for effective treatment, use of antibiotics, particularly ciprofloxacin, in suspected and acquired Covid-19 patients has raised an even more serious concern of antibiotic resistance. Ciprofloxacin has been reported to inhibit entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells via interacting with the spike (S) protein.

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Primary Liver Rhabdomyosarcoma with Burnt-out Paravertebral Disease.

Indian J Pediatr

January 2025

Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India.

Less than 20 cases of primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma have been reported in literature. The authors present this occurrence in a neonate with paravertebral and peritoneal disease. Histopathology was the solution to authors' diagnostic dilemma.

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This paper deals with neuro-registration using tele-manipulation (Master-Slave Manipulation) to facilitate tele-surgery and enhance the overall accuracy and reach of the robot-assisted neurosurgery. Accurate Neuro-registration is important as the success of the surgical procedure highly depends on it. A 6-degree-of-freedom Parallel Kinematic Mechanism (6D-PKM) master-slave robot in tele-manipulation mode is utilized for both neuro-registration and neurosurgery.

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