Competitive season effects on polyunsaturated fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes of female football players.

Background: An optimal and correctly balanced metabolic status is essential to improve sports performance in athletes. Recent advances in omic tools, such as the lipid profile of the mature erythrocyte membranes (LPMEM), allow to have a comprehensive vision of the nutritional and metabolic status of these individuals to provide personalized recommendations for nutrients, specifically, the essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, individuating deficiencies/unbalances that can arise from both habitual diet and sportive activity. This work aimed to study the LPMEM in professional female football players during the football season for the first time and compare it with those defined as optimal values for the general population and a control group.

Menopause is associated with postprandial metabolism, metabolic health and lifestyle: The ZOE PREDICT study.

Background: The menopause transition is associated with unfavourable alterations in health. However, postprandial metabolic changes and their mediating factors are poorly understood.

Methods: The PREDICT 1 UK cohort (n=1002; pre- n=366, peri- n=55, and post-menopausal females n=206) assessed phenotypic characteristics, anthropometric, diet and gut microbiome data, and fasting and postprandial (0-6 h) cardiometabolic blood measurements, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data.

The effects of adaptation to urea on feeding rates and growth in larvae.

A collection of forty populations were used to study the phenotypic adaptation of larvae to urea-laced food. A long-term goal of this research is to map genes responsible for these phenotypes. This mapping requires large numbers of populations.

Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement.

Background & Aims: Emergency measures in the face of the recent COVID-19 pandemic have been different among countries, although most have opted for confinement and restrictions on social contact. These measures have generated lifestyle changes with potential effects on individuals' health. The disturbances in daily routines due to confinement and remote work have impacted circadian rhythms and energy balance; however, the consequences of these disruptions have not been studied in depth.

Dietary lycopene attenuates cigarette smoke-promoted nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by preventing suppression of antioxidant enzymes in ferrets.

Cigarette smoke (CS) is an independent risk factor in development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Lycopene, a carotenoid naturally occurring in tomatoes, has been shown to be a protective agent against tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced NASH. In the present study using a ferret model we investigated whether CS promotes NASH and whether dietary lycopene can inhibit CS-promoted NASH development, and if so, what potential mechanisms were involved.

Personalized nutrition and healthy aging.

The human lifespan and quality of life depend on complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Aging research has been remarkably advanced by the development of high-throughput "omics" technologies. Differences between chronological and biological ages, and identification of factors (eg, nutrition) that modulate the rate of aging can now be assessed at the individual level on the basis of telomere length, the epigenome, and the metabolome.

Publisher Correction: Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition.

Metabolic responses to food influence risk of cardiometabolic disease, but large-scale high-resolution studies are lacking. We recruited n = 1,002 twins and unrelated healthy adults in the United Kingdom to the PREDICT 1 study and assessed postprandial metabolic responses in a clinical setting and at home. We observed large inter-individual variability (as measured by the population coefficient of variation (s.

Role of lycopene in smoke-promoted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung carcinogenesis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being the single most important risk factor for both. Emerging evidence indicates alterations in reverse cholesterol transport-mediated removal of excess cholesterol from lung, and intracellular cholesterol overload to be involved in smoke-promoted COPD and lung cancer development. Since there are currently few effective treatments for COPD and lung cancer, it is important to identify food-derived, biologically active compounds, which can protect against COPD and lung cancer development.

FADS1 and ELOVL2 polymorphisms reveal associations for differences in lipid metabolism in a cross-sectional population-based survey of Brazilian men and women.

Cardiometabolic risk involves environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma fatty acids and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located in elongase and desaturases genes, and cardiometabolic parameters in a cross-sectional population-based survey. A sample of 226 adults who participated in the Health Survey of Sao Paulo, Brazil, was selected.

Xanthophyll β-Cryptoxanthin Inhibits Highly Refined Carbohydrate Diet-Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in Mice.

Scope: β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both β-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids. We examined whether BCX feeding could inhibit diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, highly refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD)-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, dependent or independent of BCO1/BCO2 activity.

Methods And Results: Two-week-old male wild-type (WT) and BCO1 /BCO2 double knockout (DKO) mice are given a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (25 mg kg body weight) to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis.

Walnut-Associated Fatty Acids Inhibit LPS-Induced Activation of BV-2 Microglia.

Walnuts have high levels of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, ALA) and the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, LA). Previous research has demonstrated that pre-treatment of BV-2 microglia with walnut extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglia. As an extension of that study, the effects of walnut-associated fatty acids on BV-2 microglia were assessed.

Association Between Folate Metabolites and the Development of Food Allergy in Children.

Background: Studies on the association between folate/folic acid exposure and the development of allergic disease have yielded inconsistent results, which may be due, in part, to lack of data distinguishing folate from folic acid exposure.

Objective: To examine the association between total folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), and unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) concentrations at birth and in early childhood and the development of food sensitization (FS) and food allergy (FA).

Methods: A nested case control study was performed in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC).

Lycopene Inhibits Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Carcinogenesis by Modulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Ferrets.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer share the same etiologic factor, cigarette smoking. Higher consumption of dietary lycopene has been associated with lower risks of COPD and lung cancer in smokers. We investigated whether lycopene feeding protects against COPD and lung cancer in ferrets, a nonrodent model that closely mimics cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung tumorigenesis in human.

Vitamin E - The Next 100 Years.

α-Tocopherol is the only tocopherol that has been shown to prevent the human deficiency disease Ataxia with Isolated Vitamin E Deficiency (AVED), and thus it is the only one that, for humans, can be called vitamin E. Vitamin E in addition to preventing AVED has documented immune boosting properties and an activity against nonalcoholic hepatosteatosis and low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies indicating that vitamin E could prevent cardiovascular events, neurodegenerative disease, macular degeneration, and cancer were in general not confirmed by clinical intervention studies.

Ablation of carotenoid cleavage enzymes (BCO1 and BCO2) induced hepatic steatosis by altering the farnesoid X receptor/miR-34a/sirtuin 1 pathway.

β-Carotene-15, 15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase (BCO2) are essential enzymes in carotenoid metabolism. While BCO1/BCO2 polymorphisms have been associated with alterations to human and animal carotenoid levels, experimental studies have suggested that BCO1 and BCO2 may have specific physiological functions beyond the cleavage of carotenoids. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ablation of both BCO1/BCO2 in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying molecular mechanism(s).

Genome-wide meta-analysis of macronutrient intake of 91,114 European ancestry participants from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium.

Macronutrient intake, the proportion of calories consumed from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases with significant familial aggregation. Previous studies have identified two genetic loci for macronutrient intake, but incomplete coverage of genetic variation and modest sample sizes have hindered the discovery of additional loci. Here, we expanded the genetic landscape of macronutrient intake, identifying 12 suggestively significant loci (P < 1 × 10) associated with intake of any macronutrient in 91,114 European ancestry participants.

Personalised nutrition and health.

consider that nutrition interventions tailored to individual characteristics and behaviours have promise but more work is needed before they can deliver

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acids: Results from the CHARGE Consortium.

Background: Odd-numbered chain saturated fatty acids (OCSFA) have been associated with potential health benefits. Although some OCSFA (e.g.

Weight gain prevention buffers the impact of CETP rs3764261 on high density lipoprotein cholesterol in young adulthood: The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP).

Background And Aims: Two weight gain prevention strategies, one targeting small changes to diet and physical activity and a second targeting large changes, significantly reduced weight gain in young adulthood. We examined whether weight gain prevention blunts genetic risk for body weight increase and/or high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) lowering over two years.

Methods And Results: Participants were 524 male and female young adults (mean age = 28.

New diet trials and cardiovascular risk.

Purpose Of Review: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing to epidemic proportions and current management centred on treatment with drugs is not enough to stop this pandemic. CVD prevention is of paramount importance. In this context, diet and behavioural intervention programs are the first step and have the advantage of lesser cost and side effects than pharmacological approaches.

Curcumin and piperine supplementation of obese mice under caloric restriction modulates body fat and interleukin-1β.

Background: Dietary bioactive compounds capable of improving metabolic profiles would be of great value, especially for overweight individuals undergoing a caloric restriction (CR) regimen. Curcumin (Cur), a possible anti-obesity compound, and piperine (Pip), a plausible enhancer of Cur's bioavailability and efficacy, may be candidate agents for controlling body fat, metabolism and low grade inflammation.

Methods: 47 eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 23 weeks to induce obesity.

Antioxidants: Wonder drugs or quackery?

An answer to the question posed by the title must be simple not to disturb in his tomb Albert Einstein, who wrote "Man muß die Dinge so einfach wie möglich machen. Aber nicht einfacher". A simple answer (not simpler) can be: Antioxidants are not antioxidants, they are not wonder drugs and they are not all quackery; but they are not nothing.