No clinically relevant difference in patient-reported outcomes between the direct superior approach and the posterolateral or anterior approach for primary total hip arthroplasty: analysis of 37,976 primary hip arthroplasties in the Dutch Arthroplasty Registry.

Background And Purpose: The direct superior approach (DSA) is a modification of the posterolateral approach (PLA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of the DSA have not been investigated previously using nationwide data. Our aim was to assess PROMs after THA using the DSA compared with the PLA and, secondarily, with the anterior approach (DAA).

Efficacy of haloperidol to decrease the burden of delirium in adult critically ill patients: the EuRIDICE randomized clinical trial.

Background: The role of haloperidol as treatment for ICU delirium and related symptoms remains controversial despite two recent large controlled trials evaluating its efficacy and safety. We sought to determine whether haloperidol when compared to placebo in critically ill adults with delirium reduces days with delirium and coma and improves delirium-related sequelae.

Methods: This multi-center double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial at eight mixed medical-surgical Dutch ICUs included critically ill adults with delirium (Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist ≥ 4 or a positive Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU) admitted between February 2018 and January 2020.

A rapidly growing fibroadenoma in a pregnant woman: A case report.

Background: Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast lesions in women. They present as a unilateral mass and can rapidly enlarge in size through hormonal changes. Fibroadenomas could be classified as small or giant, and as simple or complex.

Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Tumor Models for Experimental Cancer Treatments.

To promote the preclinical development of new treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we established NSCLC xenograft tumor assays on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos. Five NSCLC cell lines were compared for tumor take rate, tumor growth, and embryo survival. Two of these, A549 and H460 CAM tumors, were histologically characterized and tested for susceptibility to systemic chemotherapy and gene delivery using viral vectors.

The PKG Inhibitor CN238 Affords Functional Protection of Photoreceptors and Ganglion Cells against Retinal Degeneration.

Hereditary retinal degeneration (RD) is often associated with excessive cGMP signalling in photoreceptors. Previous research has shown that inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) can reduce photoreceptor loss in two different RD animal models. In this study, we identified a PKG inhibitor, the cGMP analogue CN238, which preserved photoreceptor viability and functionality in and mutant mice.

Deep learning for the detection of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in non-screening chest CT scans.

Background: Outside a screening program, early-stage lung cancer is generally diagnosed after the detection of incidental nodules in clinically ordered chest CT scans. Despite the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) systems for lung cancer detection, clinical validation of these systems is lacking in a non-screening setting.

Method: We developed a deep learning-based AI system and assessed its performance for the detection of actionable benign nodules (requiring follow-up), small lung cancers, and pulmonary metastases in CT scans acquired in two Dutch hospitals (internal and external validation).

Trends in the pre-operative diagnosis and surgical management of axillary lymph node metastases in women with screen-detected breast cancer.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate time-trends in pre-operative diagnosis and surgical treatment of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancers detected at screening mammography.

Methods: We included all women who underwent screening mammography in the South of the Netherlands between 2005 and 2020. During a follow-up period of at least two years, data on clinical radiological examinations, biopsy procedures and surgical interventions were obtained.

The Effect of Sex on the Incidence, Latency, Duration and Perceived Burden of Adverse Events Following Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in the Netherlands.

Introduction: The annual reformulation of the seasonal influenza vaccine results in fluctuating frequencies and severity of adverse effects following immunization (AEFIs), which stresses the importance of pharmacovigilance. Also, sex-related factors are known to influence the development of AEFIs. This study aims to describe the difference in incidence and course (i.

Automatic segmentation and labelling of wrist bones in four-dimensional computed tomography datasets via deep learning.

This study developed a deep learning model for fully automatic segmentation and labelling of wrist bones from four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans. This is a crucial step towards implementing 4DCT for diagnosing wrist ligament lesions, reducing time-consuming analysis of extensive data.

Adherence to guideline recommendations for Barrett's esophagus (BE) surveillance endoscopies: Effects of dedicated BE endoscopy lists.

For non-dysplastic Barrett's Esophagus (BE) patients, guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance every 3 to 5 years with four-quadrant random biopsies every 2 cm of BE length. Adherence to these guidelines is low in clinical practice. Pooling BE surveillance endoscopies on dedicated endoscopy lists performed by dedicated endoscopists could possibly enhance guideline adherence, detection of visible lesions, and dysplasia detection rates (DDRs).

Adverse Drug Reactions to Opioids: A Study in a National Pharmacovigilance Database.

Introduction: Opioids are commonly used as analgesics; however, like any medicine, they can produce adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including nausea, constipation, dependence, and respiratory depression, that result in harmful and fatal events. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the safety of these drugs in clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the safety profile of opioids by conducting a descriptive study based on a spontaneous reporting system (SRS) for ADRs in The Netherlands, focusing on abuse, misuse, medication errors, and differences between sexes.

Bayesian multilevel multivariate logistic regression for superiority decision-making under observable treatment heterogeneity.

Background: In medical, social, and behavioral research we often encounter datasets with a multilevel structure and multiple correlated dependent variables. These data are frequently collected from a study population that distinguishes several subpopulations with different (i.e.

The role of co-morbidities in the development of an AEFI after COVID-19 vaccination in a large prospective cohort with patient-reported outcomes in the Netherlands.

Background: The effect of a preexisting comorbidity on the occurrence of adverse events after immunization (AEFIs) has been studied poorly. In this longitudinal cohort study, we assess the association between co-morbidities and the occurrence of AEFIs after COVID-19 vaccination. Also, we described the occurrence of flare-ups and their manifestation after COVID-19 vaccination in people with rheumatic diseases.

Trends and overall survival after combined liver resection and thermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases: a nationwide population-based propensity score-matched study.

Background: In colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients, combination of liver resection and ablation permit a more parenchymal-sparing approach. This study assessed trends in use of combined resection and ablation, outcomes, and overall survival (OS).

Methods: This population-based study included all CRLM patients who underwent liver resection between 2014 and 2022.

External Validity and Consistency over Time of Patient Segmentation Based on Disease Acceptance and Perceived Control in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: The patient segmentation model based on disease acceptance and perceived control may guide personalized care in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the external validity of the segmentation model and its consistency over time.

Methods: This is a multicenter longitudinal cohort study of adult IBD patients with questionnaires on disease acceptance and perceived control (6-items, 7-point Likert scale) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (Short IBD questionnaire, range 10-70).

Risk of clozapine-associated agranulocytosis and mandatory white blood cell monitoring: Can the regulations be relaxed?

After the introduction of clozapine eight Finnish patients died after developing agranulocytosis. Clozapine was withdrawn from the market and only reintroduced with strict mandatory white blood cell monitoring as long as treatment lasts and thresholds at which clozapine must be discontinued definitively. The fear of agranulocytosis and the need for intensive blood monitoring is the single most important barrier for prescribers and patients alike and leads to underprescription of the only effective and approved medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has the potential to improve efficacy and diminish side effects. Measuring methotrexate-polyglutamate (MTX-PG) in erythrocytes might enable TDM for methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Aim: To investigate the relationship between MTX-PGs and methotrexate drug survival, efficacy and toxicity METHODS: In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients with CD starting subcutaneous methotrexate without biologics were included and followed for 12 months.

Differentiating Benign from Malignant Thyroid Tumors by Kinase Activity Profiling and Dabrafenib BRAF V600E Targeting.

Differentiated non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) can be effectively treated by surgery followed by radioactive iodide therapy. However, a small subset of patients shows recurrence due to a loss of iodide transport, a phenotype frequently associated with BRAF V600E mutations. In theory, this should enable the use of existing targeted therapies specifically designed for BRAF V600E mutations.

The course of self-perceived cognitive functioning among patients with lymphoma and the co-occurrence with fatigue and psychological distress.

Purpose: To investigate the proportion of patients with lymphoma with persistent clinically relevant cognitive impairment, and its relation to  treatment, fatigue, and psychological distress.

Methods: Patients with diffuse-large-B-cell-lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular-lymphoma (FL), and chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia (CLL)/small-lymphocytic-lymphoma (SLL), diagnosed between 2004-2010 or 2015-2019, were followed up to 8 years post-diagnosis. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Population-based HAematological Registry for Observational Studies.

The Use of eHealth for Pharmacotherapy Management With Patients With Respiratory Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes: Scoping Review.

Background: eHealth is increasingly considered an important tool for supporting pharmacotherapy management.

Objective: We aimed to assess the (1) use of eHealth in pharmacotherapy management with patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, or cardiovascular disease (CVD); (2) effectiveness of these interventions on pharmacotherapy management and clinical outcomes; and (3) key factors contributing to the success of eHealth interventions for pharmacotherapy management.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review) statement.

Forensic advisers working for all district courts and courts of appeal in the Netherlands: An overview and discussion.

Since late 2020, all district courts and courts of appeal in the Netherlands have internal forensic support in the form of "forensic advisers." This position was created in 2012 and resulted from the efforts made to expand knowledge of the forensic sciences within the inquisitorial Dutch criminal justice system. Forensic advisers are generalists and support judges in all matters concerning forensic science, for example, ensuring the logically correct interpretation of evidence, assessing the relevant expertise of forensic experts, and helping to avoid statistical fallacies.