in the treatment of depression: a comprehensive review and perspectives.

Background: In recent years, the incidence of depression, recognized as a serious psychological disorder, has escalated rapidly. (Scrophulariaceae; Rehmanniae Radix, Crude drug) and (Liliaceae; Lilii bulbus, Crude drug) constitute a classic anti-depressant combination, exhibiting pharmacological effects that include anti-depressive, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory properties. Current clinical studies have demonstrated that Baihe Dihuang Decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal compound, is effective in treating depression.

Distribution and diversity of cultured endophytic fungi in Maxim. at different altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Endophytic fungi are a crucial microbial resource that can influence plant growth and development through their interactions with host plants. Maxim. is an important traditional Tibetan herb used to treat a range of diseases in the Qinghai-Tibetan region.

Assembly of polysaccharide-based polymer brush for supramolecular hydrogel dressing.

Extracted from Platycodon grandiflorum, platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides (PGPs) with diverse biological functions have been extensively employed for modification and fabrication of hydrogels for biomedical applications, such as wound dressings. However, since the lack of effective structural design, the reported polysaccharide-based hydrogel dressings are still suffered from structural failures and limited bio-functionality. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and general strategy to fabricate a supramolecular hydrogel composed of PGP-based polymer brush as building blocks combined with a Ca-mediated self-assembly process.

Trend in Prescription Medication Utilization for Opioid Use Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder From 2015 to 2021: A Population-wide Study in a Canadian Province.

Objective: To examine the quarterly incidence and prevalence of medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) from 2015 to 2021.

Methods: A retrospective population-wide observational study in Manitoba, Canada, was conducted using administrative claims data from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy to examine the incidence and prevalence of OUD (methadone, buprenorphine-naloxone, buprenorphine) or AUD medications (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) per 10,000 individuals in each quarter between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021.

Results: There were 1179 and 451 individuals who received at least one prescription for OUD and AUD, respectively, in the first quarter of 2020.

Antipsychotic Prescribing in Older Adults after In-Hospital Initiation.

Background: In older adults, the use of antipsychotics to treat delirium or the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia is potentially inappropriate and may be associated with adverse effects. Antipsychotics newly initiated in hospital may be inadvertently continued after discharge. In the Saskatchewan Health Authority (SHA) - Regina area, the frequency and duration of antipsychotic continuation for older adults after initiation during a hospital stay is unknown.

Barriers and facilitators for family physicians prescribing opioid agonist therapy in Saskatchewan.

Objective: To explore barriers and facilitators for family physicians in Saskatchewan prescribing opioid agonist therapy (OAT).

Design: Self-administered postal survey.

Setting: Family medicine practices in Saskatchewan.

How Patient-Centred Are Inhaler Device Choices? A Survey of Canadian Prescribers.

Background: The choice of inhaler device type can play a crucial role in managing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). With various devices available, differences in choice and application may lead to confusion for both prescribers and patients. Furthermore, improper use of a device may lead to suboptimal or inadequate treatment.

Take-Home Naloxone Access and Use among Older Adults Living with Pain: A Scoping Review.

Background: Opioids are a common treatment for older adults living with pain. Given high rates of polypharmacy and chronic comorbidities, older adults are at risk of opioid overdose. Evidence is now available that take-home naloxone (THN) supports reduction of opioid-related harms.

Microbial-Transferred Metabolites and Improvement of Biological Activities of Green Tea Catechins by Human Gut Microbiota.

Green tea catechins (GTCs) are dietary polyphenols with broad bioactivities that undergo extensive microbial metabolism in the human gut. However, microbial-transferred metabolites and their health benefits are not fully understood. Herein, the microbial metabolism of GTCs by human fecal microbiota and dynamic alteration of the microbiota were integrally investigated via in vitro anaerobic fermentation.

Hospital-Wide Adherence to Postsurgical Opioid Prescribing Guidelines: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Lowering opioid prescription doses and quantity decreases the risk of chronic opioid usage. A tool was inserted into the brief operative note for the surgeon to assess the severity of pain associated with the procedure. We studied surgeon adherence to current opioid-prescribing recommendations.

Prodrugs as empowering tools in drug discovery and development: recent strategic applications of drug delivery solutions to mitigate challenges associated with lead compounds and drug candidates.

The delivery of a drug to a specific organ or tissue at an efficacious concentration is the pharmacokinetic (PK) hallmark of promoting effective pharmacological action at a target site with an acceptable safety profile. Sub-optimal pharmaceutical or ADME profiles of drug candidates, which can often be a function of inherently poor physicochemical properties, pose significant challenges to drug discovery and development teams and may contribute to high compound attrition rates. Medicinal chemists have exploited prodrugs as an informed strategy to productively enhance the profiles of new chemical entities by optimizing the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties as well as selectively delivering a molecule to the site of action as a means of addressing a range of limitations.

Advancing Health Equity: The Role of a Community-Academic-Public Health-Practice (CAPP) Partnership in Addressing COVID-19 Disparities in Louisiana.

We assessed the impact of an innovative Louisiana community-academic-public health-practice (CAPP) partnership in addressing COVID-19-associated Black-White vaccination disparities over 19 months. Initially (April 2021), the cumulative vaccinations for Black versus White Louisianans were 54 542 per 100 000 versus 62 435 per 100 000, respectively. By October 2022, cumulative vaccinations for Black versus White Louisianans were 142 437 per 100 000 versus 132 488 per 100 000, respectively.

Comparative effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy versus monotherapy in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of aspirin-clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin or clopidogrel antiplatelet monotherapy (AM) in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: It was a single-center, retrospective cross-sectional study of medical records of ischemic stroke patients admitted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between January 2015 and October 2019. The primary endpoints were ischemic stroke recurrence, rehospitalization, and all-cause mortality between DAPT and AM.

Lipid-lowering therapies for cardiovascular disease prevention and management in primary care: PEER umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews.

Objective: To assess the benefits and harms of lipid-lowering therapies used to prevent or manage cardiovascular disease including bile acid sequestrants (BAS), ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin, omega-3 supplements, proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and statins.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and a grey literature search.

Study Selection: Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials published between January 2017 and March 2022 looking at statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, BAS, niacin, and omega-3 supplements for preventing cardiovascular outcomes were selected.