Inside the granulosa transcriptome.

The somatic component of follicular structure is a mixture of different cell types, represented by Granulosa cells (GCs) that are the paracrine regulators of the oocyte growth. GCs finely support this process by a continuous bidirectional talk with oocyte, which ensure oocyte quality and competence. Specific pathways are involved in the cross-talk and in both GCs and oocyte development.

Laser-Treated Titanium Implants: An In Vivo Histomorphometric and Biomechanical Analysis.

Purpose: The aim of the present histological and biomechanical analysis was to compare, in vivo, the strength and quality of osseointegration between a laser-treated implant surface and a standard machined surface.

Material And Methods: Customized titanium implants, having 2 different surfaces, were used. Implants were longitudinally split in the 2 surfaces: one side was laser treated and the opposite one had a machined surface.

Inflammation and thrombosis - testing the hypothesis with anti-inflammatory drug trials.

The hypothesis of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory process has been a leitmotiv in cardiology for the past 20 years, and has now led to the launch of clinical trials aimed at testing whether drugs that primarily target inflammation can reduce cardiovascular events. Inflammation indeed drives all phases of atherosclerosis, from inception, through progression, and ultimately acute thrombotic complications (plaque rupture and probably plaque erosion). Since plaque rupture and erosion cause most acute coronary syndromes, appropriately tuned anti-inflammatory treatments should limit myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death.

Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients ≥75 Years Old in Clinical Practice: A Multicenter Analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer patients have a median age of incidence >65years although they are largely under-represented in phase-III trials. This large population contains patients unfit for treatment, those suitable for monotherapy or for doublets and the impact of chemotherapy outside clinical trial is unclear. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse Overall Survival(OS) of elderly metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) patients treated with chemotherapy in daily practice.

Abciximab as a bridging strategy to overcome morphine-prasugrel interaction in STEMI patients.

Objective: The present study investigated whether the glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab might be a successful bridging strategy to achieve adequate levels of platelet inhibition rapidly in cases where prasugrel is used in morphine-pretreated ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods: In a prospective observational cohort study, 32 patients presenting with STEMI were given prasugrel at a loading dose of 60 mg. Patients were stratified into four groups, according to morphine and/or abciximab use.

Rosuvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Damage during Coronary Angioplasty - the Remedy Trial.

Background: Periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Statins might reduce its incidence. The aims of the present study are to assess whether such benefit is a class-effect or whether differences exist between various lipid-lowering strategies and whether cardioprotection is exerted by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

Polypill: quo vadis?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. The overall growth of this epidemic during the last decade is largely because of the increasing incidence of CVD in low and middle-income countries, where inadequate health policies, poor availability, and lack of affordable medications, as well as poor patient adherence to treatment all limit the efficacy of cardiovascular prevention strategies. Complementary to a promotion of healthy lifestyles, a fixed dose combination or a 'polypill,' containing two or more drugs addressed at controlling various risk factors, might reduce costs and improve patient accessibility and adherence to treatment.

The Effects of High Insertion Torque Versus Low Insertion Torque on Marginal Bone Resorption and Implant Failure Rates: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.

Objectives: The aim was to analyze the data about the effects on marginal bone resorption and implant failure rates between implants inserted with high or low insertion torque values.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search until July 2015 was conducted. Data were summarized qualitatively in descriptive tables and quantitatively by performing random effects meta-analyses of effect sizes (ESs) for bone resorption and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and relative risks (RRs) for implant failures.

Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group Cellular Biology of the Heart: cell-based therapies for myocardial repair and regeneration in ischemic heart disease and heart failure.

Despite improvements in modern cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and worldwide. Patients with IHD may benefit from therapies that would accelerate natural processes of postnatal collateral vessel formation and/or muscle regeneration. Here, we discuss the use of cells in the context of heart repair, and the most relevant results and current limitations from clinical trials using cell-based therapies to treat IHD and HF.

Targeting thrombin long-term after an acute coronary syndrome: Opportunities and challenges.

Patients after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk of recurrent thrombotic events, justifying the search for additional antithrombotic treatments. The pathophysiology of ACS involves arterial thrombus formation, in turn occurring because of a combination of platelet activation and fibrin formation, with thrombin playing a key role in both. Antiplatelet therapy, targeting the thromboxane pathway and the ADP P2Y12 receptor has been widely accepted for secondary prevention after an ACS.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Testicular Microlithiasis in Children and Adolescents: Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of the Italian Society of Pediatric Urology.

 Testicular microlithiasis (TM), characterized by the presence of intratubular calcifications in a single or both the gonads, is an uncommon entity with unknown etiology and outcome in pediatric and adolescent age. In this study, the results of a multicenter long-term survey are presented.  From 11 units of pediatric urology/surgery, patients with TM were identified and yearly, followed up in a 7-year period, adopting a specific database.

Oral anticoagulants in coronary heart disease (Section IV). Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis - Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease.

Until recently, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were the only available oral anticoagulants evaluated for long-term treatment of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Despite efficacy in this setting, VKAs are rarely used because they are cumbersome to administer. Instead, the more readily manageable antiplatelet agents are the mainstay of prevention in ACS patients.

C1q/TNF-related protein-1: an adipokine marking and promoting atherosclerosis.

Aims: We investigated the association of the adipokine C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) 1 with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the biological vascular effects of CTRP1.

Methods And Results: We analysed CTRP1 levels in sera of CAD patients (n = 451) and non-CAD controls (n = 686), and in coronary endarterectomy specimens (n = 32), non-atherosclerotic internal mammary arteries (n = 26), aortic atherosclerotic plaques (n = 15), and non-atherosclerotic aortic samples (n = 10). C1q/TNF-related protein-levels were higher in sera, endarterectomy specimens, aortic atherosclerotic plaques, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CAD patients compared with controls, and were related to CAD severity.

Epigenetics and male reproduction: the consequences of paternal lifestyle on fertility, embryo development, and children lifetime health.

The correlation between epigenetics and human reproduction represents a very interesting field of study, mainly due to the possible transgenerational effects related to epigenetic modifications of male and female gametes. In the present review, we focused our attention to the role played by epigenetics on male reproduction, evidencing at least four different levels at which sperm epigenetic modifications could affect reproduction: (1) spermatogenesis failure; (2) embryo development; (3) outcome of assisted reproduction technique (ART) protocols, mainly as concerning genomic imprinting; and (4) long-term effects during the offspring lifetime. The environmental agents responsible for epigenetic modifications are also examined, suggesting that the control of paternal lifestyle prior to conception could represent in the next future a novel hot topic in the management of human reproduction.

Typical and atypical symptoms of gastro esophageal reflux disease: Does Helicobacter pylori infection matter?

Aim: To analyze whether the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection could affect the quality of symptoms in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients.

Methods: one hundred and forty-four consecutive patients referred to our Unit for suspected GERD were recruited for the study.

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation accompanying mitral stenosis: the concept for a trial.

Patients at thromboembolic risk with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) can now be managed either with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or with a fixed dose of a non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC), while patients with valvular AF have been restricted to VKAs on the basis of a potentially higher risk and different mechanism of thrombosis, and the lack of sufficient data on the efficacy of NOACs. The terms 'non-valvular AF' and 'valvular AF' have not been however consistently defined. 'Valvular' AF has included any valvular disorder, including valve replacement and repair.

Apixaban Plus Mono Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From the APPRAISE-2 Trial.

Background: Bleeding limits anticoagulant treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Objectives: We investigated whether background concomitant antiplatelet therapy influences the effects of apixaban after ACS.

Methods: This study examined high-risk ACS patients who were treated with aspirin or aspirin plus clopidogrel and who were randomized to apixaban 5 mg twice daily or placebo.

Left hippocampus-amygdala complex macro- and microstructural variation is associated with BDNF plasma levels in healthy elderly individuals.

Introduction: Deep brain gray matter (GM) structures are involved in several neurodegenerative disorders and are affected by aging. In this study, we investigated the potential relationship between levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a putative biomarker of age- and clinically relevant brain dysfunctions, and the presence of structural modifications that were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging in six deep GM structures.

Methods: Volume changes and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scalars were studied in the thalamus, putamen, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, amygdala and pallidum of a cohort of 120 healthy subjects.

Improving the preclinical models for the study of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: a Position Paper of the Italian Working Group on Drug Cardiotoxicity and Cardioprotection.

Although treatment for heart failure induced by cancer therapy has improved in recent years, the prevalence of cardiomyopathy due to antineoplastic therapy remains significant worldwide. In addition to traditional mediators of myocardial damage, such as reactive oxygen species, new pathways and target cells should be considered responsible for the impairment of cardiac function during anticancer treatment. Accordingly, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies to protect the heart from pharmacologic injury, and improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients.

Pathways and Drugs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension - Focus on the Role of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), initially due to abnormal pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to endothelial injury. Recent studies have here confirmed the prominent role of endothelin (ET)-1 in vasoconstriction and remodelling of the pulmonary microcirculation. In patients who are acute-vasoreactive, classical treatments for PAH are calcium channels blockers (CCBs), while drugs targeting the prostacyclin, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways, i.

ANTIPSYCHOTICS REVERSE P-GLYCOPROTEIN-MEDIATED DOXORUBICIN RESISTANCE IN HUMAN UTERINE SARCOMA MES-SA/Dx5 CELLS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp) remains one of the major obstacles to effective cancer chemotherapy. Several chemosensitizers have been used in vivo and in vitro to reverse MDR but have exhibited several unwanted side effects. Antipsychotics are often administered to treat psychiatric disorders such as delirium, anxiety and sleep disorders in cancer patients during chemotherapy.

Determinants of subacute response to clopidogrel: relative impact of CYP2C19 genotype and PGE1/adenylate cyclase signalling.

Background: and

Hypotheses: The signal transduction pathway modulated by activation or blockade of platelet P2Y12 receptors is linked to PGE1-stimulated adenylate cyclase effects, but this link's impact on P2Y12 receptor antagonist response is uncertain. We therefore tested the hypothesis that pre-treatment platelet responsiveness to PGE1 predicts subsequent responsiveness to clopidogrel.

Methods: In order to maximise heterogeneity of platelet responsiveness to PGE1 we investigated both healthy subjects (n=30) and patients with CHD undergoing elective coronary stenting (n=22), all genotyped for common CYP2C19 variants associated with clopidogrel sensitivity (CS).

Impact of preoperative use of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors on clinical outcomes in cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To review systematically the evidence and perform a meta-analysis of benefits and risks associated with use of P2Y receptor inhibitors in coronary artery bypass graft-, non-cardiac- and device surgery. Data selection and analysis: We performed a meta-analysis of published studies. Patients with preoperative use of clopidogrel, ticagrelor or prasugrel (late discontinuation: <5 days before surgery or no discontinuation) were compared with patients without preoperative use of the respective drug (early discontinuation: ⩾5 days before surgery or no users of P2Y receptor inhibitors).

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to orthostatic hypotension: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.

Background: Whether orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and death is uncertain. Currently available evidence derives from non-homogeneous and partly ambiguous studies.

Objective: We aimed at assessing the relationship between OH and death or major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) by integrating results of previous studies.