Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss Leads to Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Higher Tracheotomy Rates in Critically Ill Patients.

: Skeletal muscle mass depletion adversely affects critically ill patient outcomes. Standardized methods for assessing muscle mass in this population are limited, particularly regarding changes during ICU stays and their implications for risk stratification. : In this secondary analysis of our prospective data registry of surgical ICU patients, we used a single slice extracted from a computed tomography scan to determine the patient's direction of absolute change in skeletal muscle mass between two different time points (-14 d to +0 d and +5 d to +21 d) during his or her critical illness.

Different Time Courses of Mono- and Bi-Liganded Bursts of Channel Openings of Adult nAChR Molecules Formed by the Reactions of Transmembrane Regions.

We recorded transmembrane currents through single nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cell-attached patches at high temporal resolutions from cultured and transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Receptor activation was elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) or epibatidine (Ebd) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µM, binding to one (R or R) or both extracellular ligand binding sites (R).

Open-source Large Language Models can Generate Labels from Radiology Reports for Training Convolutional Neural Networks.

Rationale And Objectives: Training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires large datasets with labeled data, which can be very labor-intensive to prepare. Radiology reports contain a lot of potentially useful information for such tasks. However, they are often unstructured and cannot be directly used for training.

Novel, standardized sample collection from the brain-nose interface.

Background: Diagnostics for neurodegenerative diseases lack non-invasive approaches suitable for early-stage biochemical screening and routine examination of neuropathology. Biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases pass through the brain-nose interface (BNI) and accumulate in nasal secretion. Sample collection from the brain-nose interface presents a compelling prospect as basis for a non-invasive molecular diagnosis of neuropathologies.

Genomic and phenotypic stability of fusion-driven pediatric sarcoma cell lines.

Human cancer cell lines are the mainstay of cancer research. Recent reports showed that highly mutated adult carcinoma cell lines (mainly HeLa and MCF-7) present striking diversity across laboratories and that long-term continuous culturing results in genomic/transcriptomic heterogeneity with strong phenotypical implications. Here, we hypothesize that oligomutated pediatric sarcoma cell lines mainly driven by a fusion transcription factor, such as Ewing sarcoma (EwS), are genetically and phenotypically more stable than the previously investigated adult carcinoma cell lines.

The giant genome of lily provides insights into the hybridization of cultivated lilies.

Lilies are economically important monocots known for their ornamental flowers, bulbs, and large genomes. The absence of their genomic information has impeded evolutionary studies and genome-based breeding efforts. Here, we present reference genomes for Lilium sargentiae (lily, 35.

Distinct regulation of Tau Monomer and aggregate uptake and intracellular accumulation in human neurons.

Background: The prion-like spreading of Tau pathology is the leading cause of disease progression in various tauopathies. A critical step in propagating pathologic Tau in the brain is the transport from the extracellular environment and accumulation inside naïve neurons. Current research indicates that human neurons internalize both the physiological extracellular Tau (eTau) monomers and the pathological eTau aggregates.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Carboxyl ester lipase hybrid 1 (CEL-HYB1) haplotypes confer varying risk for chronic pancreatitis.

The CEL-HYB1 hybrid allele of the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene and its pseudogene (CELP) has been associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Recent work indicated that amino acid positions 488 and 548 in CEL-HYB1 determined pathogenicity. Haplotype Thr488-Ile548 was associated with CP while haplotypes Thr488-Thr548 and Ile488-Thr548 were benign.

Real-world multicentre cohort study on choices and effectiveness of immunotherapies in NMOSD and MOGAD.

Background: Recurrent attacks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can lead to severe disability. We aimed to analyse the real-world use of immunotherapies in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD, focusing on changes in treatment strategies, effects on attack rates (ARR) and risk factors for attacks.

Methods: This longitudinal registry-based cohort study included 493 patients (320 with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive NMOSD (65%), 44 with AQP4-IgG seronegative NMOSD (9%) and 129 MOGAD (26%)) with 1247 treatments from 19 German and one Austrian centre from the registry of the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS).

Anatomy-centred deep learning improves generalisability and progression prediction in radiographic sacroiliitis detection.

Purpose: To examine whether incorporating anatomy-centred deep learning can improve generalisability and enable prediction of disease progression.

Methods: This retrospective multicentre study included conventional pelvic radiographs of four different patient cohorts focusing on axial spondyloarthritis collected at university and community hospitals. The first cohort, which consisted of 1483 radiographs, was split into training (n=1261) and validation (n=222) sets.

Systematic assessment of COVID-19 host genetics using whole genome sequencing data.

Courses of SARS-CoV-2 infections are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal COVID-19. Though research has shown that host genetic factors contribute to this variability, cohort-based joint analyses of variants from the entire allelic spectrum in individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections are still lacking. Here, we present the results of whole genome sequencing in 1,220 mainly vaccine-naïve individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 827 hospitalized COVID-19 cases.

European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 2: Treatment - Update 2024.

A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.

Visual quality of life in NMOSD and MOGAD: profiles, dynamics and associations with ageing and vision.

Objective: In this multicentric study, we were interested in the vision-related quality of life and its association with visual impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in comparison to multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.

Methods: We analysed extracted data from the German NEMOS registry including National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) scores, high and low contrast visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), visually evoked potentials (VEP) and the scores for the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and other neurological tests which assessed their disease-related impairment. The mean follow-up time of our patients was 1.

Automating Blueprints for the Assembly of Colloidal Quasicrystal Clusters.

One of the frontiers of nanotechnology is advancing beyond the periodic self-assembly of materials. Icosahedral quasicrystals, aperiodic in all directions, represent one of the most challenging targets that has yet to be experimentally realized at the colloidal scale. Previous attempts have required meticulous human-designed building blocks and often resulted in interactions beyond the current experimental capabilities.

European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: Diagnostics - Update 2024.

This guideline was developed in close collaboration with multidisciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma were developed on the basis of systematic literature research and consensus conferences. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most dangerous form of skin tumor and accounts for 90 % of skin cancer mortality.

Prosody-focused feedback enhances the efficacy of anti-depressive self-statements in depressed individuals - A randomized controlled trial.

This study was aimed to evaluate whether the efficacy of invoking anti-depressive self-statements to cope with depressed mood can be enhanced for depressed individuals by systematically guiding them to amplify the expression of conviction in their voice. Accordingly, we recruited N = 144 participants (48 clinically depressed individuals, 48 sub-clinically depressed individuals, and 48 non-depressed individuals). Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental or control condition.

"Pyogenic spondylodiscitis from oral odontogenic origins: a frequently overlooked entity".

Background Context: Primary spondylodiscitis occurs through the hematogenous spread of a pathogen entering the body via a point of entry. The infection's origin often remains unclear. During dental procedures or through minor traumas, oral bacteria can enter the bloodstream and disseminate throughout the body.

Homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer: Global expert consensus on testing and a comparison of companion diagnostics.

Background: Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are a treatment option for patients with advanced high-grade serous or endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (OC). Recent guidelines have clarified how homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may influence treatment decision-making in this setting. As a result, numerous companion diagnostic assays (CDx) have been developed to identify HRD.

Cropformer: An Interpretable Deep Learning Framework for Crop Genome Prediction.

Machine learning and deep learning have been employed in genomic selection (GS) to expedite the identification of superior genotypes and accelerate breeding cycles. However, a significant challenge for current data-driven deep learning models in GS is their low robustness and interpretability. To address this challenge, we developed Cropformer, a deep learning framework for predicting crop phenotypes and exploring downstream tasks.

Lateral Extraarticular Tenodesis in Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Failure Rates.

: Lateral extraarticular tenodesis (LET) has been advocated in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to improve knee stability and furthermore, decrease failure rates. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes, knee laxity, and failure rates after revision ACLR with LET (ACLR + LET) versus without LET. It was hypothesized that ACLR + LET improves clinical outcomes and reduces the failure rate.

Outcomes of Revision surgery for surgically treated insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

Introduction: There is a clear roadmap for the treatment of primary insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT), but data on the outcome of revision surgery is missing. The current study aimed to analyze the outcome following revision surgery for surgically failed IAT.

Material And Methods: Included were patients with IAT revision surgery at a single reference center (01/2010-10/2016) and a follow-up of at least 12 months.