Off-label long acting injectable antipsychotics in real-world clinical practice: a cross-sectional analysis of prescriptive patterns from the STAR Network DEPOT study.

Introduction: Information on the off-label use of Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the real world is lacking. In this study, we aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients treated with on- vs off-label LAIs and predictors of off-label First- or Second-Generation Antipsychotic (FGA vs. SGA) LAI choice in everyday clinical practice.

Impact of methodological choices in comparative effectiveness studies: application in natalizumab versus fingolimod comparison among patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Natalizumab and fingolimod are used as high-efficacy treatments in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Several observational studies comparing these two drugs have shown variable results, using different methods to control treatment indication bias and manage censoring. The objective of this empirical study was to elucidate the impact of methods of causal inference on the results of comparative effectiveness studies.

Nanoporous Titanium Enriched with Calcium and Phosphorus Promotes Human Oral Osteoblast Bioactivity.

Implant surfaces are known to influence the osseointegration process; therefore, their modifications represent an important subject of investigation. On this basis, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of human oral osteoblasts (hOBs) to three different GR4 titanium discs: Machined, double-etched (Osteopore), and double-etched, surface-enriched with calcium and phosphorus (CaP) (Nanopore). The superficial topography was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the sessile drop technique.

Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways in Primary Liver Tumours: From Microenvironment Signaling to Therapeutic Agents.

Primary liver cancers (PLCs) are steadily increasing in incidence and mortality in the world. They have a poor prognosis due to their silent nature, late discovery and resistance to common chemotherapy. At present, there are limited treatment alternatives, and the understanding of PLC molecular aspects is essential to develop more efficient drugs and therapeutic surgical and loco-regional strategies.

Exploring the self-reported motivations of kratom ( Korth.) use: a cross-sectional investigation.

Kratom ( Korth.) use outside of Southeast Asia has increased over the past decade. This investigation clarifies kratom's role in perceived well-being, overall health, and temporal correlation with drug use to understand kratom's role in the self-treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs).

Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) improves the accuracy of individualized prediction in MS.

Background: The MSBase prediction model of treatment response leverages multiple demographic and clinical characteristics to estimate hazards of relapses, confirmed disability accumulation (CDA), and confirmed disability improvement (CDI). The model did not include Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), a disease duration-adjusted ranked score of disability.

Objective: To incorporate MSSS into the MSBase prediction model and compare model accuracy with and without MSSS.

The Impact of NRF2 Inhibition on Drug-Induced Colon Cancer Cell Death and p53 Activity: A Pilot Study.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) protein is the master regulator of oxidative stress, which is at the basis of various chronic diseases including cancer. Hyperactivation of NRF2 in already established cancers can promote cell proliferation and resistance to therapies, such as in colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in industrialized countries with limited patient overall survival due to its escape mechanisms in both chemo- and targeted therapies. In this study, we generated stable NRF2 knockout colon cancer cells (NRF2-Cas9) to investigate the cell response to chemotherapeutic drugs with regard to p53 oncosuppressor, whose inhibition we previously showed to correlate with NRF2 pathway activation.

Emerging Role of Oxidative Stress on EGFR and OGG1-BER Cross-Regulation: Implications in Thyroid Physiopathology.

Thyroid diseases have a complex and multifactorial aetiology. Despite the numerous studies on the signals referable to the malignant transition, the molecular mechanisms concerning the role of oxidative stress remain elusive. Based on its strong oxidative power, HO could be responsible for the high level of oxidative DNA damage observed in cancerous thyroid tissue and hyperactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt, which mediate ErbB signaling.

Incidence and outcome of prenatal brain abnormality in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of antenatally diagnosed brain injury in twin pregnancy complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and to quantify the perinatal mortality, morbidity and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of these fetuses.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and The Cochrane Library databases were searched.

Oxidative Distress Induces Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Modulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Perspectives on APC Retained Functions.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process that arises in the colic tissue microenvironment. Oxidative stress plays a role in mediating CRC cell survival and progression, as well as promoting resistance to therapies. CRC progression is associated with Wnt/β-Catenin signaling dysregulation and loss of proper APC functions.

Validation of the DYALS (dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) questionnaire for the evaluation of dysphagia in ALS patients.

Background: Dysphagia is a common symptom during the trajectory of ALS, and it can significantly impact on the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Nowadays, no specific tool for the screening of dysphagia in ALS is validated, and the approach is heterogeneous across the Italian centres.

Objective: To validate the DYALS (dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) questionnaire, adapting the DYMUS (dysphagia in multiple sclerosis) questionnaire, for the assessment of dysphagia in ALS patients, in order to uniform the evaluations across the Italian ALS network.

Cortical network modularity changes along the course of frontotemporal and Alzheimer's dementing diseases.

Cortical network modularity underpins cognitive functions, so we hypothesized its progressive derangement along the course of frontotemporal (FTD) and Alzheimer's (AD) dementing diseases. EEG was recorded in 18 FTD, 18 AD, and 20 healthy controls (HC). In the FTD and AD patients, the EEG recordings were performed at the prodromal stage of dementia, at the onset of dementia, and three years after the onset of dementia.

Editorial for the Special Issue "Molecular Bases of Senescence".

The increasing life expectancy of populations worldwide represents the most evident success of the last century thanks to varying interacting social and medical achievements [...

Cannabis use disorder and dissociation: A report from a prospective first-episode psychosis study.

Background: Cannabis is the most used recreational drug worldwide. Its use can increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders and exacerbate their course. However, the relationship between cannabis use and dissociative symptoms has been scarcely investigated.

Non-Ceruloplasmin Copper as a Stratification Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: How to Measure and Use It.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a type of dementia very common in the elderly. A growing body of recent evidence has linked AD pathogenesis to Copper (Cu) dysmetabolism in the body. In fact, a subset of patients affected either by AD or by its prodromal form known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) have been observed to be unable to maintain a proper balance of Cu metabolism and distribution and are characterized by the presence in their serum of increased levels of Cu not bound to ceruloplasmin (non-ceruloplasmin Cu).

Mechanisms of Network Changes in Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with functional connectivity abnormalities. While there have been calls to use functional connectivity measures as biomarkers, there remains to be a full understanding of why they are affected in MS. In this cross-sectional study, we tested the hypothesis that functional network regions may be susceptible to disease-related "wear and tear" and that this can be observable on co-occurring abnormalities on other magnetic resonance metrics.

Complex Electromagnetic Fields Reduce Planktonic Growth and Its Adhesion to Titanium Surfaces.

This study evaluates the effects of different programs of complex electromagnetic fields (C.M.F.

Viability of a MSQOL-54 general health-related quality of life score using bifactor model.

Background: MSQOL-54 is a multidimensional, widely-used, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument specific for multiple sclerosis (MS). Findings from the validation study suggested that the two MSQOL-54 composite scores are correlated. Given this correlation, it could be assumed that a unique total score of HRQOL may be calculated, with the advantage to provide key stakeholders with a single overall HRQOL score.

Long-term outcomes in patients presenting with optic neuritis: Analyses of the MSBase registry.

Background: Short-term outcomes of optic neuritis (ON) have been well characterized. Limited data exists on longer-term visual outcomes in patients who present with ON. The large MSBase registry allows for characterization of long-term visual outcomes after ON.

Perinatal and long-term outcome of fetal intracranial hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Healthcare professionals often find it challenging to counsel parents due to its rarity and diverse presentation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the perinatal outcome of fetuses with ICH.