Structural gender inequality and gender differences in adolescent substance use: A multilevel study from 45 countries.

-Societal gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent substance use.-The gender gap in adolescent substance use is larger in countries with higher levels of gender inequality.-Girls in these countries were less likely to get drunk, use alcohol or smoke cigarettes than boys.

Vaccination, Risk Factors and Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Psoriasis-A Single Centre Real-Life Experience from Eastern Slovakia.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents a threat for people with immune-mediated diseases. It seems that patients with psoriasis appear to have a similar SARS-CoV-2 infection rate as the general population. Our study aimed to identify factors associated with contracting COVID-19 and determining the severity of COVID-19 among psoriatic patients in a real practice setting.

Perception of dignity in older men and women in the early stages of dementia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dementia is a serious problem in old age, that impacts an individual's ability to function and may threaten personal dignity. Given the variable features of the illness and the diversity of life experiences, many factors may contribute to the perception of dignity by men and women with dementia. The purpose of the study was to explore the factors that contribute to dignity and its domains in men and women with dementia.

Indeterminacy of the Diagnosis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Leading to Problems with the Validity of Data.

The validity of infant mortality data is essential in assessing health care quality and in the setting of preventive measures. This study explores different diagnostic procedures used to determine the cause of death across forensic settings and thus the issue of the reduced validity of data. All records from three forensic medical departments that conducted autopsies on children aged 12 months or younger (n = 204) who died during the years 2007-2016 in Moravia were included.

Milestones in Hematology and Oncology: From Fatal to Curable Disease.

: The comprehensive management of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a success story in contemporary oncology. Over the past decades, the survival rate of patients with HL has significantly improved. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate and document the progress in the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients in our country, reflected in their vital statistics, over time periods defined by the respective standard of treatment.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: Variation in Different Ethnicities, Age, and Sex in North Macedonia.

Childhood obesity is assuredly one of the most important health challenges of the 21st century, particularly regarding long-term metabolic complications. In the last four decades, there has been a tenfold increase in childhood and adolescence obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to show the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared by age, sex, and ethnicity in n=1034 healthy male and female children, aged 6-13 years in North Macedonia.

Pharmacotherapeutic options for the prevention of kidney transplant rejection: the evidence to date.

Introduction: Although early rejection episodes are successfully controlled, the problem of unrecognized production of de novo anti-HLA antibodies and associated chronic rejection still persists.

Areas Covered: In addition to the standard induction and maintenance therapy, we present a couple of new drugs as induction (Alemtuzumab), CNI-free protocol (Belatacept, Sirolimus, and Everolimus), and maintenance treatment in transplant patients with various types of malignancies (T cell-targeted immunomodulators blocking the immune checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD1/PDL1) and TMA (aHUS)-eculizumab and IL6 receptor antagonists in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).

Expert Opinion: There are a couple of issues still preventing improvement in kidney transplant long-term outcomes with current and anticipated future immunosuppression: patients more susceptible to infection and CNI nephrotoxicity in kidneys obtained from elderly donors and highly sensitized patients with limited chances to get appropriate kidney and a higher risk for late AMR.

Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality: A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries.

Purpose: Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors.

Ambivalent bonds, positive and negative emotions, and expectations in teachers' perceptions of relationship with their students with ADHD.

A growing body of research has been focusing recently on the life and well-being of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and also on the well-being of their teachers. However, there is a need for in-depth, qualitative insights into ADHD issues from the teachers' perspectives. Therefore, the main aim of this qualitative study was to use thematic analysis to explore how teachers perceive the relationship with students with ADHD and the factors that influence the quality of this relationship.

Early Identification of Risk of Child Abuse Fatalities: Possibilities and Limits of Prevention.

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to analyse the structure of registered fatal violent crimes against children under 5 years of age and to identify the main characteristics and risk factors of fatal violence against children in order to discuss the possibilities and limits of prevention of these crimes. (2) Methods: Mixed-method design: 1. retrospective statistical analysis of data extracted from Czech statistics about crime.

Reproductive Issues in Long-Term Surviving Patients following Therapy for Hodgkin's Disease in the Republic of North Macedonia: Risks of Infertility According to First-Line Treatment Regimens.

Infertility as a consequence of therapy presents a high psychosocial burden for HL patients. In the cohort of our analyzed patients, within the post-ABVD surviving patients, alterations of the spermogram were documented in a total of 6.1% of the male patients and 5.

Bullying, Mental Health, and the Moderating Role of Supportive Adults: A Cross-National Analysis of Adolescents in 45 Countries.

Relationships with supportive adults during adolescence may be a protective factor that lowers the risks associated with bullying. The current study aimed to examine the moderating role of supportive adults in the associations between bullying involvement (in-person and cyber) and mental health problems (psychological symptoms and low life satisfaction). Data from 45 countries and regions taking part in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study ( = 230,757) were used.

Leisure Time Use and Adolescent Mental Well-Being: Insights from the COVID-19 Czech Spring Lockdown.

Background: As leisure-one of the crucial life domains-was completely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, our study aimed to investigate how adolescents spent their leisure time during the Spring 2020 lockdown. Secondly, we aimed to investigate the associations between the perceived changes in leisure time use, the leisure activities adolescents engaged in, and the associations with well-being during the Spring 2020 lockdown in Czechia.

Methods: Data from 3438 participants were included in this study (54.

Neuropeptide Y as a risk factor for cardiorenal disease and cognitive dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: translational opportunities and challenges.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide member of a family also including peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide, which are all ligands to Gi/Go coupled receptors. NPY regulates several fundamental biologic functions including appetite/satiety, sex and reproduction, learning and memory, cardiovascular and renal function and immune functions. The mesenteric circulation is a major source of NPY in the blood in man and this peptide is considered a key regulator of gut-brain cross talk.

Leptin, Obesity Parameters, and Atopy Among Children with Asthma.

Leptin, as a major adipokine, positively correlates with the body's fat, while atopy is an important feature in the development of childhood asthma. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between leptin, parameters of obesity, and atopy in children with asthma. The study included 112 children (73 boys, 39 girls, mean age 11.

New DXA Diagnostic Indexes of Abdominal Obesity.

: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with weight gain and extreme central, visceral, abdominal obesity which is confirmed with dual-energy X-rays absorptiometric (DXA) diagnostic cut-off point (CP) values of central obesity indexes (COI), determined as an android to gynoid tissue and fat mass ratios. These best differentiate CS from non-CS obese women matched with CS according to their age and BMI. The aim of this study was to determine the CP values of new DXA indexes of central, abdominal obesity as a ratio of android and trunk to legs as well as trunk and legs to total tissue and fat mass that best differentiate CS and matched non-CS obese women in order to confirm central abdominal obesity, and to determine their normal CP values that best differentiate healthy non-obese women from CS and non-CS obese women, and to exclude abdominal obesity completely.

Vaccine Refusal in the Czech Republic Is Associated with Being Spiritual but Not Religiously Affiliated.

A strong reduction in the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic can be achieved by vaccination. Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) may play an important role in vaccine acceptance. However, evidence is lacking for the associations with religious conspiracy theories (RCT) in a non-religious environment.

The Abbreviated Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) and the Abbreviated Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS): Psychometric Properties and Evaluation of the Czech Versions.

Short and effective tools for measuring depression, anxiety and their resulting impairments are lacking in the Czech language. The abbreviated versions of the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) and the Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS) show very good psychometric properties in English and other languages, and can be used in different settings for research or clinical purposes. The aim of this study was the psychometric evaluation and validation of the Czech versions of the abbreviated forms of both tools in the general population.

Association of the chronic kidney disease urinary proteomic predictor CKD273 with clinical risk factors of graft failure in kidney allograft recipients.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end-stage kidney disease but is still associated with long-term graft failure. In this study, we evaluated the application of urinary proteomics to identify grafts with high failure risk before initial decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with irreversible graft changes.

Methods: Fifty-two living donor kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with 8-year follow-up were enrolled.

Unintentional Opioid Overdoses Treated at University Clinic of Toxicology-Skopje in a Nine-Year-Period.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological profile of unintentional opioid overdoses, the prevalence and number of psychotropic substances involved in opioid overdoses.

Methods: This was a descriptive study, in which 180 participants were enrolled, and covered a nine-years-period. For collecting data was used the National patient electronic system "My term".

Time trends in schoolwork pressure among Dutch adolescents, 2001-2017: Gender and educational differences.

Aims: This study investigated gender and educational differences in trends in schoolwork pressure between 2001 and 2017 in nationally representative samples of Dutch adolescents in secondary education.

Methods: Data from five surveys of the Dutch Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study were used.

Results: Across the surveys, an increase in perceived schoolwork pressure was observed.

Temperament and School Readiness - A Literature Review.

This review study was conducted to describe how temperament is related to school readiness. The basic research question was whether there is any relationship between later school success and temperament in children and, if so, what characterizes it. A systematic search of databases and journals identified 27 papers that met the two criteria: temperament and school readiness.