Enhanced recovery after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a revised systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Purpose: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery (AIS) is often associated with high costs and significant recovery challenges. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to improve outcomes, reducing hospital stays and complications compared to traditional (TD) pathways. This study evaluates the impact of ERAS protocols on AIS treatment.

Impact of calreticulin mutations on treatment and survival outcomes in myelofibrosis during ruxolitinib therapy.

Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are detected in around 20% of patients with primary and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF). Regardless of driver mutations, patients with splenomegaly and symptoms are generally treated with JAK2-inhibitors, most commonly ruxolitinib. Recently, new therapies specifically targeting the CALR mutant clone have entered clinical investigation.

A comparison on safety and efficacy between 24 Fr versus 18 Fr pneumatic balloon dilators for percutaneous treatment of renal stones between 10 and 20 mm: results from a contemporary cohort.

Purpose: To assess differences in safety and efficacy between 24 and 18 Fr pneumatic balloon dilators for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) of renal stones between 10 and 20 mm.

Methods: Patients were randomized to dilatation with a 24 Fr (Group A) versus 18 Fr (Group B) Ultraxx pneumatic dilator (Cook Medical). In all procedures percutaneous puncture was performed under ultrasound guidance.

The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein interferes with the full enzymatic activation of UPF1 and its interaction with UPF2.

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway triggers the degradation of defective mRNAs and governs the expression of mRNAs with specific characteristics. Current understanding indicates that NMD is often significantly suppressed during viral infections to protect the viral genome. In numerous viruses, this inhibition is achieved through direct or indirect interference with the RNA helicase UPF1, thereby promoting viral replication and enhancing pathogenesis.

The antibiotic de-escalation strategy in patients with multidrug-resistant bacterial colonization after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Colonization by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and related bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with a high rate of mortality in patients with hematological malignancies after intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). In this retrospective study, we analyzed the outcomes of patients colonized with MDR bacteria (primarily carbapenem-resistant , KPC), before allo-SCT. We also investigated the feasibility and safety of an antimicrobial de-escalating approach in these patients.

Integration of CD200, CD43 and ROR1 in Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (MFC) Routine Panels for the Differential Diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative Disorders (B-LPDs).

Background: Clonal mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of mature B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and/or lymphoid tissues. B-LPDs classification into different subtypes and their diagnosis is based on a multiparametric approach. However, accurate diagnosis may be challenging, especially in cases of ambiguous interpretation.

investigation of layered TMGeTe alloys for phase-change applications.

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are among the most mature candidates for next-generation memory technology. Recently, CrGeTe (CrGT) emerged as a promising PCM due to its enhanced amorphous stability and fast crystallization for embedded memory applications. The amorphous stability of CrGT was attributed to the complex layered structure of the crystalline motifs needed to initiate crystallization.

Treatment of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Breast Cancer and Gynecologic Cancer Survivors: Retrospective Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Vaginal Estriol, Vaginal Dehydroepiandrosterone and Ospemifene.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of three different treatment options (vaginal estriol, vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and ospemifene) for treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in breast cancer and gynecologic cancer survivors.

Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis was performed among 185 cancer survivors (including breast, endometrial, ovarian, cervical, and vulvar cancer) affected by GSM. Women were divided into three groups according to the prescribed therapy (vaginal estriol, vaginal DHEA, and ospemifene).

An indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Dirofilaria spp. in cats.

Background: Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens are mosquito-borne filaroids that primarily infect dogs but also cats. Diagnosing feline dirofilariosis is challenging because of the low parasitic burdens and transient or absent microfilaremia.

The GLP-1R agonist semaglutide reshapes pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts reducing collagen proline hydroxylation and favoring T lymphocyte infiltration.

Background: Metabolic syndrome represents a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk factor. Metabolic alterations favor PDAC onset, which occurs early upon dysmetabolism. Pancreatic neoplastic lesions evolve within a dense desmoplastic stroma, consisting in abundant extracellular matrix settled by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

A multicenter Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled single-blind trial with the SV2A ligand seletracetam in photosensitive epilepsy patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seletracetam (SEL), a potent modulator of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), in patients with photoparoxysmal EEG response (PPR) to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) as proof-of-principle of efficacy in patients with epilepsy. In this multicenter, single-blind Phase II study, adults with photosensitive epilepsy, with/without concomitant antiseizure medication therapy, underwent IPS under 3 eye conditions (at eye closure, eyes closed and eyes open) after a single oral dose of placebo (day - 1) or SEL (day 1; 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 10, or 20 mg).

Bile acid diarrhea in patients with chronic diarrhea. Current appraisal and recommendations for clinical practice.

Bile Acid Diarrhea (BAD) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea, often accompanied by urgency, occasional fecal incontinence, abdominal pain, and fatigue. A nationwide survey has shown limited awareness of BAD within the Italian medical community, prompting a panel of experts to develop a Position Paper that outlines the most practical and cost-saving diagnostic investigations and treatments for this frequently overlooked condition. The document provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and classification of the different types of Bile Acid Diarrhea (BAD).

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk markers: A comparative analysis of waist circumference, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

Background And Aims: This study compares three methods to determine central adiposity (waist circumference -WC - and visceral adipose tissue - VAT - estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry - DXA, and by magnetic resonance imaging - MRI) in their ability to predict increases in cardiometabolic risk (CMR) markers in young individuals. We examined their associations with CMR in 47 men and women aged 25-40.

Methods And Results: VAT mass was assessed using DXA and MRI.

A call for standardization: evaluating different methodologies to induce in vitro foreign body giant cell formation for biomaterials research and design.

Foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are crucial in the foreign body reaction at the biomaterial-tissue interface, forming through the fusion of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage and performing functions such as material degradation and fibrous encapsulation. Yet, their presence and role in biomaterials research is only slowly unveiled. This review analyzed existing FBGC literature identified through a search string and sources from FBGC articles to evaluate the most commonly used methods and highlight the challenges in establishing a standardized protocol.

High-impact trials with genetic and -omics information focus on cancer mutations, are industry-funded and less transparent.

Objective: To assess how genetics and -omics information is used in the most cited recent clinical trials, and to evaluate industry involvement and transparency patterns.

Study Design And Setting: This is a meta-research evaluation using a previously constructed database of the 600 most cited clinical trials published from 2019 to 2022. Trials that utilized genetic or -omics characterization of participants in the trial design, analysis, and results were considered eligible.

Return to Sport After Partum in Patients With Diastasis of the Rectus Abdominis Muscles: Ultrasound Evaluation and Rehabilitation Protocol.

Background: Diastasis rectus abdominis is a condition in which the rectus abdominis muscles separate and move laterally, causing stretching of the linea alba tissue with weakness of the abdominal wall. Although it can lead to hernia of the abdominal viscera, diastasis rectus abdominis is not a hernia in itself. This condition is common among women during pregnancy and the postpartum period and can significantly affect their quality of life and their return to sports activity.

Protocol for 3D photogrammetry and morphological digitization of complex skulls.

Here, we present a protocol for 3D photogrammetry and morphological digitization of skulls, including complex ones with tusks, antlers, and horns, which are challenging to reconstruct digitally. We describe steps for setting up specimens for image acquisition, including camera and lighting configurations, and the subsequent image processing to generate high-quality 3D models. We also outline the extraction of morphological data for accurate geometric morphometric analyses.

Molecular clustering on ctDNA improves the prognostic stratification of DLBCL patients compared to ctDNA levels.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels can help predict outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but its integration with DLBCL molecular clusters remains unexplored. Using the LymphGen tool in 77 DLBCL with both ctDNA and tissue biopsy, a 95.8% concordance rate in molecular cluster assignment was observed, showing the reproducibility of molecular clustering on ctDNA.

Inter-Rater Disagreements in Applying the Montreal Classification for Crohn's Disease: The Five-Nations Survey Study.

Background: The Montreal classification has been widely used in Crohn's disease since 2005 to categorize patients by the age of onset (A), disease location (L), behavior (B), and upper gastrointestinal tract and perianal involvement. With evolving management paradigms in Crohn's disease, we aimed to assess the performance of gastroenterologists in applying the Montreal classification.

Methods: An online survey was conducted among participants at an international educational conference on inflammatory bowel diseases.

Challenges and opportunities for digital twins in precision medicine from a complex systems perspective.

Digital twins (DTs) in precision medicine are increasingly viable, propelled by extensive data collection and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), alongside traditional biomedical methodologies. We argue that including mechanistic simulations that produce behavior based on explicitly defined biological hypotheses and multiscale mechanisms is beneficial. It enables the exploration of diverse therapeutic strategies and supports dynamic clinical decision-making through insights from network science, quantitative biology, and digital medicine.

DeepLabCut custom-trained model and the refinement function for gait analysis.

The current gold standard for the study of human movement is the marker-based motion capture system that offers high precision but constrained by costs and controlled environments. Markerless pose estimation systems emerge as ecological alternatives, allowing unobtrusive data acquisition in natural settings. This study compares the performance of two popular markerless systems, OpenPose (OP) and DeepLabCut (DLC), in assessing locomotion.

Improvement of measured and perceived disability in overweight patients with Multiple Sclerosis trough different patterns of Mediterranean hypocaloric diet.

Objectives: overweight and other cardiovascular risk factors are known contributors to disability accrual in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We aimed to explore the impact of three hypocaloric dietetic patterns, based on the Mediterranean diet, on cardiovascular risk and clinical status in overweight persons with MS (pwMS).

Material And Methods: overweight pwMS (body mass index-BMI ≥25 kg/m) were prospectively enrolled, randomly allocated to three hypocaloric dietetic plans differing in macronutrients composition (carbohydrates/proteins/lipids: diet A 65 %/15 %/20 %; diet B 35 %/25 %/40 %; diet C 50 %/20 %/30 %) and followed-up for 1 year (6 months of dietetic intervention + 6 months of observation).