Differences in the Interleukin Profiles in Inattentive ADHD Prepubertal Children Are Probably Related to Conduct Disorder Comorbidity.

Inflammatory cytokines are involved in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. To quantify the baseline levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their changes after methylphenidate (MPH), a total of 31 prepubertal children with ADHD were recruited and subclassified into only two ADHD presentations-ADHD attention deficit ( = 13) or ADHD combined ( = 18). The children were also screened for oppositional defiant conduct disorder (ODCD) and anxiety disorder.

Surgical Treatment in Post-Stroke Spastic Hands: A Systematic Review.

: For more than two decades, the surgical treatment of post-stroke spastic hands has been displaced by botulinum toxin therapy and is currently underutilized. : This article aimed to assess the potential of surgery for treating a post-stroke spastic upper extremity through a systematic review of the literature on surgical approaches that are adopted in different profiles of patients and on their outcomes and complications. : Medline PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational and experimental studies published in English up to November 2022.

Clinical implications of inflammation in atheroma formation and novel therapies in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Among all CVD, the most common is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD results from the complications promoted by atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques that limit and block the blood flow of the arteries involved in heart oxygenation.

Density mapping of nerve endings in the skin of the palm and flexor retinaculum of the hand. Application to open carpal tunnel release.

In order to re-evaluate the safest area to incise skin and the flexor retinaculum (FR) when performing a carpal tunnel release (CTR), we carried out a mapping study of the nerve endings in the skin and FR on cadaver specimens, which, unlike previous studies for the first time, includes histomorphometry and image digital analysis. After dividing the skin and FR into 20 and 12 sections, respectively, we carried out a histomorphological analysis of nerve endings. The analysis was performed by two neutral observers on 4-μm histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E), and Klüver-Barrera with picrosirius red (KB + PR) methods.

Eight-year analysis of bullfighting injuries in Spain, Portugal and southern France.

Improving knowledge on the epidemiology and analysing the prognostic factors of severity for injuries caused by fighting bulls in Spain, Portugal and southern France. Observational retrospective study including 1239 patients with a reported history of bull horn injuries between January 2012 and November 2019 in Spain, Portugal or southern France. A multiple logistic regression test was used to analyse the prognostic factors of severity and mortality rate of these lesions.

Survey of Radon Concentrations in the University of Granada in Southern Spain.

The objective of this pilot study was to gather and analyze data on radon concentrations in workplaces in three buildings of Granada University (Southern Spain) constructed in different centuries. All measurements were made at basement or ground floor level under normal use conditions except for one space (mineral store), in which measurements were compared between the door closed and open. Measurements were conducted during different time periods between October 2013 and March 2019 with a Radon-Scout PLUS portable Radonmonitor.

The association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and preterm delivery: a prospective study with a multivariable analysis.

Background: To determine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19 disease) exposure in pregnancy, compared to non-exposure, is associated with infection-related obstetric morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective study in pregnancy based on a universal antenatal screening program for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Throughout Spain 45 hospitals tested all women at admission on delivery ward using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) for COVID-19 since late March 2020.

Obstetric Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women.

Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients.

Increased Expression of Musashi-1 Evidences Mesenchymal Repair in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation.

This study aimed to analyze the expression of Musashi-1 (MSI1) in maxillary native bone and grafted bone after maxillary sinus floor elevation. To do so, fifty-seven bone biopsies from 45 participants were studied. Eighteen samples were collected from native bone while 39 were obtained 6 months after maxillary sinus grafting procedures.

Hepatitis C virus NS5A region mutation in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who are non-responders to two or more treatments and its relationship with response to a new treatment.

Aim: To determine the number of mutations in the NS5A region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its relationship to the response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 who are non-responders to two or more treatments.

Methods: Sequences within HCV NS5A [PKR binding domain (PKRBD) and the interferon-sensitivity-determining region (ISDR)] were analysed direct sequencing in a selected cohort of 72 patients, with a total of 201 treatments [interferon-alpha (IFN-α), = 49; IFN-α + ribavirin (RBV), = 75; pegylated (peg) IFN-α + RBV, = 47; first-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), = 13; and second-generation DAAs, = 17]. Of these, 48/201 achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) and 153/201 achieved no virological response (NVR).

Ghrelin and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve nerve regeneration in a rat model of epsilon-caprolactone conduit reconstruction.

Objective: Attempts have been made to improve nerve conduits in peripheral nerve reconstruction. We investigated the potential therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ASCs) and ghrelin (GHR), a neuropeptide with neuroprotective, trophic, and developmental regulatory actions, on peripheral nerve regeneration in a model of severe nerve injury repaired with nerve conduits.

Material And Methods: The right sciatic nerves of 24 male Wistar rats were 10-mm transected unilaterally and repaired with Dl-lactic-ε-caprolactone conduits.

Osteoarticular Expression of Musashi-1 in an Experimental Model of Arthritis.

Background: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a murine experimental disease model induced by immunization with type II collagen (CII), is used to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis. Adult stem cell marker Musashi-1 (Msi1) plays an important role in regulating the maintenance and differentiation of stem/precursor cells. The objectives of this investigation were to perform a morphological study of the experimental CIA model, evaluate the effect of TNFα-blocker (etanercept) treatment, and determine the immunohistochemical expression of Msi1 protein.

Significance of the Immunohistochemical Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 in Bone Maturation after Maxillary Sinus Grafting in Humans.

Background: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) protein superfamily and are known to be involved in bone and cartilage formation. Within this family, BMP-4 is one of the most studied members. It has been shown to induce osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells in vitro, but the intimate processes in which this protein promotes and regulates osseous repair still remains unclear.

Evaluation of pain in healthy newborns and in newborns with developmental problems (Down syndrome).

Newborns are often subjected to invasive and painful medical procedures. This happens even more frequently when they require hospitalization. The aim of this paper was to evaluate pain in healthy newborns and in newborns with Down syndrome (DS).

Peripheral nerve reconstruction with epsilon-caprolactone conduits seeded with vasoactive intestinal peptide gene-transfected mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model.

Objective: Attempts have been made to improve nerve conduits in peripheral nerve reconstruction. We investigated the potential therapeutic effect of a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide with neuroprotective, trophic and developmental regulatory actions, in peripheral nerve regeneration in a severe model of nerve injury that was repaired with nerve conduits.

Approach: The sciatic nerve of each male Wistar rat was transected unilaterally at 10 mm and then repaired with Dl-lactic-ε-caprolactone conduits.

Rupture of extensor tendon secondary to previously undiagnosed Kienböck disease.

We report three patients with an unusual pattern of rupture of the extensor tendon. All were found to have previously undiagnosed Kienböck disease. Radiographic study of the wrist is essential before treating any closed rupture of an extensor tendon.

Digital flexion contracture and severe carpal tunnel syndrome due to tophaceus infiltration of wrist flexor tendon: first manifestation of gout.

The authors report an unusual case of flexor tenosynovitis, severe carpal tunnel syndrome, and triggering at the carpal tunnel as the first manifestation of gout. A 69-year-old man presented with digital flexion contracture and severe carpal tunnel syndrome of his right hand and was treated surgically. A flexor tenosynovectomy and a median nerve neurolysis were performed through an extended carpal tunnel approach.

Organochlorine pesticides in placentas from Southern Spain and some related factors.

During pregnancy, lipophilic xenobiotics stored in maternal adipose tissue can be mobilized and enter her blood circulation and reach the placenta. This study measured residues of oestrogen-mimicking organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in 150 placenta samples from women in Southern Spain. OCs were extracted from placenta by solid-liquid technique and purified by preparative liquid chromatography.