Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Neuroinflammation: Overview of Studies and Perspectives of Clinical Applications.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are lipid mediators derived from poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which have been demonstrated to have an important role in the inflammation environment, preventing an overreaction of the organism and promoting the resolution of inflammation. Our purpose was to point out the current evidence for specialized pro-resolving mediators, focusing on their role in neuroinflammation and in major neurological diseases.

Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis Due to Co-infection with Mucormycosis and in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Invasive fungal infections remain an important cause of complication and morbidity in the management of acute leukemias. Here we report the case of a 27-year-old patient from French Polynesia who was diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After induction chemotherapy, she developed rhinosinusitis with extensive bone lysis.

A novel deuterium-based model for measurement of exogenous surfactant using deuterium-depleted water.

Stable isotope tracers, like C, can be used for the measurement of the partition between the endogenous and exogenous pulmonary disaturated-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). Deuterium labeling methods are still not fully explored. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of using deuterium-depleted water (DDW) and deuterium-enriched water (DEW) to measure endogenous and exogenous pulmonary DSPC in a rabbit model of surfactant depletion.

Hypertension in children and adolescents.

Definition and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents are uncertain, due to different positions of current guidelines. The European Society of Cardiology task-force, constituted by Associations and Councils with interest in arterial hypertension, has reviewed current literature and evidence, to produce a Consensus Document focused on aspects of hypertension in the age range of 6-16 years, including definition, methods of measurement of blood pressure, clinical evaluation, assessment of hypertension-mediated target organ damage, evaluation of possible vascular, renal and hormonal causes, assessment and management of concomitant risk factors with specific attention for obesity, and anti-hypertensive strategies, especially focused on life-style modifications. The Consensus Panel also suggests aspects that should be studied with high priority, including generation of multi-ethnic sex, age and height specific European normative tables, implementation of randomized clinical trials on different diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and long-term cohort studies to link with adult cardiovascular risk.

Novel Harmonization Method for Multi-Centric Radiomic Studies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The purpose of this multi-centric work was to investigate the relationship between radiomic features extracted from pre-treatment computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and clinical outcomes for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One-hundred and seventeen patients who received SBRT for early-stage NSCLC were retrospectively identified from seven Italian centers. The tumor was identified on pre-treatment free-breathing CT and PET images, from which we extracted 3004 quantitative radiomic features.

Quality of Life of Families with Children Presenting Congenital Heart Disease:Longitudinal Study Protocol.

Background: Advances in medicine have caused a notable increase in the survival rates of children born with congenital heart disease, even in the most complicated cases, almost mitigating the disease's pathology from lethal to chronic. The quality of life perceived by such children is influenced by the perceptions of their parents. However, the international literature has rarely considered the entire family nucleus.

The new educational project Televascular Games during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.

Objective: To report methodology and first-year results of a new educational project called Televascular Games," which took place during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods: Complex aneurysmal aortic disease was discussed during a 2-hour competition webinar, according to three modalities. (1) Planning case competition (PCC): Two to four preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans of an already performed selected case were submitted for the competition.

Uric acid and cardiometabolic risk by gender in youth with type 1 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between uric acid (UA) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) by sex in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Retrospective data collected from 1323 children and adolescents (5-18 years; 716 boys) with T1D recruited in 9 Italian Pediatric Diabetes Centers were analyzed. CMRFs included UA, HbA, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol (TC), HDL, triglycerides (TG), neutrophils (N) and lymphocytes (L) count, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (calculated using Schwartz-Lyon equation).

Mycophenolate mofetil-induced hypogammaglobulinemia and infectious disease susceptibility in pediatric patients with chronic rheumatic disorders: a monocentric retrospective study.

Unlabelled: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug used for the treatment of autoimmune rheumatological diseases. To test the risk of hypothetical drug-induced hypogammaglobulinemia, the aim of this study was to report the trend of the immunoglobulin (Ig) values and of the infectious diseases in children treated with MMF. This study retrospectively evaluated demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of a cohort of patients affected by a chronic rheumatic disease receiving MMF, followed at the Rheumatology Unit of Meyer Children Hospital, Florence.

Carmustine Wafers Implantation in Patients With Newly Diagnosed High Grade Glioma: Is It Still an Option?

Background: The implantation protocol for Carmustine Wafers (CWs) in high grade glioma (HGG) was developed to offer a bridge between surgical resection and adjuvant treatments, such as radio- and chemotherapy. In the last years, however, a widespread use of CWs has been limited due to uncertainties regarding efficacy, in addition to increased risk of infection and elevated costs of treatment.

Objective: The aims of our study were to investigate the epidemiology of patients that underwent surgery for HGG with CW implantation, in addition to the assessment of related complications, long-term overall survival (), and associated prognostic factors.

Left subclavian artery as an alternative site for left ventricular assist device outflow graft in challenging situations.

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has emerged as an effective surgical therapy for end-stage heart failure. In an attempt to reduce invasiveness and avoid difficult sternal re-entries, alternative surgical approaches have been adopted. In particular, when the thoracic aorta is severely diseased or difficult to expose, subclavian arteries could serve as site for outflow graft anastomosis.

Clinical outcomes of patients with complicated post-operative course after gastrectomy for cancer: a GIRCG study using the GASTRODATA registry.

Gastrectomy for gastric cancer is still performed in Western countries with high morbidity and mortality. Post-operative complications are frequent, and effective diagnosis and treatment of complications is crucial to lower the mortality rates. In 2015, a project was launched by the EGCA with the aim of building an agreement on list and definitions of post-operative complications specific for gastrectomy.

Predictors of germline status for hereditary melanoma: 5 years of multi-gene panel testing within the Italian Melanoma Intergroup.

Background: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing in Italy, in parallel with the implementation of gene panels. Therefore, a revision of national genetic assessment criteria for hereditary melanoma may be needed. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of susceptibility variants in the largest prospective cohort of Italian high-risk melanoma cases studied to date.

Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: an ECCO CONFER Multicentre Case Series.

Background: Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes [HCCS] are rare polyposis or nonpolyposis syndromes with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer [CRC]. Coexisting inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], including ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD], with HCCS is exceedingly rare and presumably increases the risk of early-onset CRC.

Methods: This was a multicentre case series performed as a part of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] Collaborative Network of Exceptionally Rare case reports [CONFER] project.

Neurological disorders in COVID-19: a case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in an adult patient.

Different neurological complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been widely documented. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated demyelinating disorder, described within the spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Herein, we describe a case of adult-ADEM presenting with diplopia and slowly progressive ataxia developed one month after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Reconstructive surgery after Female Genital Mutilation: a multidisciplinary approach.

Background And Aim: Female Genital Mutilations (FMGs) are all interventions involving partial or total removal of external female genital apparatus, perpetrated not for therapeutic purposes. This review aims to describe a multidisciplinary approach to clinical management of women with FGM, requiring reconstructive surgery and therapeutic deinfibulation. Furthermore, these traditional procedures are harmful to women's physical integrity, being able to result in severe psychological damage with strong inhibitions in sexual and emotive life.

Does the distance between residency and implanting center affect the outcome of patients supported by left ventricular assist devices? A multicenter Italian study on radial mechanically assisted circulatory support (MIRAMACS) analysis.

Background: Patients with LVAD require continuous monitoring and care, and since Implanting Centers (ICs) are more experienced in managing LVAD patients than other healthcare facilities, the distance between patient residency and IC could negatively affect the outcomes.

Methods: Data of patients discharged after receiving an LVAD implantation between 2010 and 2021 collected from the MIRAMACS database were retrospectively analyzed. The population was divided into two groups: A (n = 175) and B (n = 141), according to the distance between patient residency and IC ≤ or >90 miles.

Salivary microbiota composition may discriminate between patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE subjects.

Background: Data on the role of the microbiome in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) are limited.

Aims: To prospectively collect and characterise the salivary, oesophageal and gastric microbiome in patients with EoE, further correlating the findings with disease activity.

Methods: Adult patients with symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction undergoing upper endoscopy were consecutively enrolled.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac structure and function.

SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes in patients at high cardiovascular risk and in those with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In patients with HF and preserved EF, empagliflozin also showed favorable effects mainly related to the reduction of hospitalization for heart failure. These favorable effects are beyond the reduction of glycemic levels and mainly related to beneficial hemodynamic and anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs and improved cardiac energy metabolism.

Narrative review on the management of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis in pediatric age of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP) and of the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP).

Currently, there are a few detailed guidelines on the overall management of children and adolescents with moderate-severe atopic dermatitis. AD ​​is a complex disease presenting with different clinical phenotypes, which require an individualized and multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, appropriate interaction between primary care pediatricians, pediatric allergists, and pediatric dermatologists is crucial to finding the best management strategy.