The role of gadolinium-based contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging structured reporting and data systems (RADS).

Among the 28 reporting and data systems (RADS) available in the literature, we identified 15 RADS that can be used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Performing examinations without using gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) has benefits, but GBCA administration is often required to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current role of GBCA in MRI RADS.

Refinement of the diagnostic approach for the identification of children and adolescents affected by familial hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from the LIPIGEN study.

Background And Aims: We aimed to describe the limitations of familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) diagnosis in childhood based on the presence of the typical features of FH, such as physical sings of cholesterol accumulation and personal or family history of premature cardiovascular disease or hypercholesterolemia, comparing their prevalence in the adult and paediatric FH population, and to illustrate how additional information can lead to a more effective diagnosis of FH at a younger age.

Methods: From the Italian LIPIGEN cohort, we selected 1188 (≥18 years) and 708 (<18 years) genetically-confirmed heterozygous FH, with no missing personal FH features. The prevalence of personal and familial FH features was compared between the two groups.

Arterial lactate as a risk factor for death in respiratory failure related to coronavirus disease 2019: an observational study.

Background: Arterial lactate is a recognized biomarker associated with death in critically ill patients. The prognostic role of arterial lactate in acute respiratory failure due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of arterial lactate levels at admission in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure.

Case Report: Sequential postzygotic mutation and gains of the paternal chromosome 11 carrying the mutated allele in a patient with epidermal nevus and rhabdomyosarcoma: evidence of a multiple-hit mechanism involving in oncogenic transformation.

We report a 7-year-old boy born with epidermal nevi (EN) arranged according to Blaschko's lines involving the face and head, right upper limb, chest, and left lower limb, who developed a left paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at 18 months of age. Parallel sequencing identified a gain-of-function variant (c.37G>C, p.

Complete or Culprit-Only PCI in Older Patients with Myocardial Infarction.

Background: The benefit of complete revascularization in older patients (≥75 years of age) with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease remains unclear.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized trial, we assigned older patients with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease who were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion to receive either physiology-guided complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions or to receive no further revascularization. Functionally significant nonculprit lesions were identified either by pressure wire or angiography.

Comparison of MRI vs. [F]FDG PET/CT for Treatment Response Evaluation of Primary Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Literature Review and Future Perspectives.

The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of [F]FDG PET/CT and breast MRI for primary breast cancer (BC) response assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to evaluate future perspectives in this setting. We performed a critical review using three bibliographic databases (i.e.

Prostate MRI and PSMA-PET in the Primary Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer.

Over the last years, prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained a key role in the primary diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). While a negative MRI can avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and the overdiagnosis of indolent cancers, a positive examination triggers biopsy samples targeted to suspicious imaging findings, thus increasing the diagnosis of csPCa with a sensitivity and negative predictive value of around 90%. The limitations of MRI, including suboptimal positive predictive values, are fueling debate on how to stratify biopsy decisions and management based on patient risk and how to correctly estimate it with clinical and/or imaging findings.

Persistent hemiplegia with normal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in supratentorial neurosurgery: a case report and review of literature.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is needed for evaluating and demonstrating the integrity of the central and peripheral nervous system during surgical manoeuvres that take place in proximity to eloquent motor and somatosensory nervous structures. The integrity of the monitored motor pathways is not always followed by consistent clinical normality, particularly in the first hours/days following surgery, when surgical resection involves brain structures such as the supplementary motor areas (SMA). We report the case of a patient who underwent surgical excision of a right frontal glioblastoma with normal preoperative, intraoperative (IONM), and postoperative central motor conduction, but with persistent postoperative hemiplegia (> 6 months).

Clinical and molecular description of the first Italian cohort of 33 subjects with hypophosphatasia.

Introduction: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease caused by inactivating variants of the ALPL gene. Few data are available on the clinical presentation in Italy and/or on Italian HPP surveys.

Methods: There were 30 suspected HPP patients recruited from different Italian tertiary cares.

Prognostic factors in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (Jeavons syndrome).

Purpose: To describe the prognostic factors of drug resistance in 40 patients with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia or Jeavons syndrome.

Method: Retrospective analysis from two French tertiary centers.

Results: Forty patients were enrolled (31 females and 9 males; mean age at epilepsy onset: 6.

Accuracy of ChatGPT-Generated Information on Head and Neck and Oromaxillofacial Surgery: A Multicenter Collaborative Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of Chat-Based Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in answering questions and solving clinical scenarios of head and neck surgery.

Study Design: Observational and valuative study.

Setting: Eighteen surgeons from 14 Italian head and neck surgery units.

Reduced pulmonary oxygen diffusion at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants of less than 32 weeks without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm infants are at increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). There is limited information on pulmonary oxygen diffusion of SGA preterm infants, particularly in those without BPD.

Objective: To compare the pulmonary oxygen diffusion of SGA to that of appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm infants without BPD.

Extraintestinal Cancers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic multifactorial inflammatory disorders including two major entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Preliminary evidence suggests that patients with IBD may be at increased risk of developing intestinal and extraintestinal cancers (EICs). Actually, little is known about the association between IBD and EICs, and there is ever-growing concern regarding the safety of immunomodulators and biological therapy, which may represent a risk factor for carcinogenesis.

Perioperative Renal Ultrasonography of Arterio-to-Venous Coupling Predicts Postoperative Complications after Major Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery.

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) with concomitant venous and arterial Doppler assessment enables clinicians to assess organ-specific blood supply. To date, no studies have investigated the usefulness of including a comprehensive perioperative POCUS assessment of patients undergoing major laparoscopic surgery. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the combined venous and arterial renal flow evaluation, measured at different time points of perioperative period, may represent a clinically useful non-invasive method to predict postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after major laparoscopic urologic surgery.

Transient ischemic attack and minor stroke as "surgeons affairs": a narrative review.

Objective: The scope of this paper is to review the subtypes of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke (mS) in which a surgical treatment is needed, discussing the importance and the timing of a multidisciplinary approach, in order to achieve an optimized management and prevent major strokes or other critical complications.

Materials And Methods: The keywords "transient ischemic attack," "minor stroke," "surgical treatment," "vascular surgery," "heart surgery," "neurosurgery," and "multidisciplinary" were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. Relevant search results were discussed by the authors for references inclusion.

Endobronchial ultrasound: a pictorial essay.

Background And Aim: endobronchial ultrasound has gained widespread popularity in the last decade, becoming the primary technique for minimally invasive evaluation of the mediastinum and staging of lung cancer. Several tertiary and quaternary care institutes use this method, performed by trained and accredited specialists. Its main indications are (I) diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, (II) mediastinal lymphadenopathy diagnosis (III) sampling peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic collections with dedicated metal stents: A nationwide, multicenter, propensity score-matched comparison.

Background: The new dedicated stents for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transluminal drainage of peri‑pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) demonstrated optimal efficacy and safety profiles.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the safety, technical and clinical success, and recurrence rate of PFCs drained with Lumen Apposing Metal Stent (LAMS) or Bi-Flanged Metal Stent (BFMS).

Methods: Data from a multicenter series of PFCs treated with LAMS or BFMS at 30 Italian centers during a 5-year period were retrieved.

Association Between Rome Classification Among Hospitalized Patients With COPD Exacerbations and Short-Term and Intermediate-Term Outcomes.

Background: Recently, the Rome proposal updated the definition of exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD). However, such severity grade has not yet demonstrated intermediate-term clinical relevance.

Research Question: What is the association between the Rome severity classification and short-term and intermediate-term clinical outcomes?

Study Design And Methods: We retrospectively grouped hospitalized patients with ECOPD according to the Rome severity classification (ie, mild, moderate, severe).

Frontotemporal Dementia, Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease of growing interest, since it accounts for up to 10% of middle-age-onset dementias and entails a social, economic, and emotional burden for the patients and caregivers. It is characterised by a (at least initially) selective degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobe, generally leading to behavioural alterations, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Despite the recent advances, given its extreme heterogeneity, an overview that can bring together all the data currently available is still lacking.

ECLAPTE: Effective Closure of LAParoTomy in Emergency-2023 World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines for the closure of laparotomy in emergency settings.

Laparotomy incisions provide easy and rapid access to the peritoneal cavity in case of emergency surgery. Incisional hernia (IH) is a late manifestation of the failure of abdominal wall closure and represents frequent complication of any abdominal incision: IHs can cause pain and discomfort to the patients but also clinical serious sequelae like bowel obstruction, incarceration, strangulation, and necessity of reoperation. Previous guidelines and indications in the literature consider elective settings and evidence about laparotomy closure in emergency settings is lacking.

Optimizing efficiency in the creation of patient-specific plates through field-driven generative design in maxillofacial surgery.

Field driven design is a novel approach that allows to define through equations geometrical entities known as implicit bodies. This technology does not rely upon conventional geometry subunits, such as polygons or edges, rather it represents spatial shapes through mathematical functions within a geometrical field. The advantages in terms of computational speed and automation are conspicuous, and well acknowledged in engineering, especially for lattice structures.

Impact of Complete Revascularization on Development of Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease: A Subanalysis of the CORALYS Registry.

Background The impact of complete revascularization (CR) on the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remains to be elucidated. Methods and Results Consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome with multivessel coronary artery disease from the CORALYS (Incidence and Predictors of Heart Failure After Acute Coronary Syndrome) registry were included. Incidence of first hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death was the primary end point.