Life threating onset of Cardiac Sarcoidosis with mediastinal involvement.

We have described a clinical case with atypical onset of sarcoidosis. A young patient presented to the emergency room with acute heart failure and severe cardiac dysfunction simulating dilated cardiomyopathy or severe myocarditis. Hypoxic respiratory failure refractory to oxygen therapy was treated with steroids.

Gilteritinib and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage: a case series of a possible, under-reported side effect.

Gilteritinib is currently approved for patients with relapsed/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations, based on the positive results of the pivotal ADMIRAL study. In ADMIRAL trial, no increased risk of bleeding was reported, but in the previous dose finding study, a single event of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was registered after exposure to subtherapeutic doses of gilteritinib. Here, we report the first case series on five ICHs diagnosed in patients with FLT3-mutated AML, occurred within the first month of exposure to gilteritinib.

Posaconazole and midostaurin in patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: Pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical facts in a real life study.

Midostaurin is used in combination with chemotherapy to treat patients with newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia exposes these patients to a significant risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). International guidelines recommend primary antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole (PCZ) but nested analysis of a phase III trial showed that strong PCZ inhibition of CYP3A4 diminished midostaurin metabolism and increased midostaurin plasma levels; however, midostaurin-related adverse events (AEs) were only moderately exacerbated.

How acute myeloid leukemia (AML) escapes from FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors? Still an overrated complication?

FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, present in about 25%-30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, constitute one of the most frequently detected mutations in these patients. The binding of FLT3L to FLT3 activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and RAS pathways, producing increased cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis. Two types of FLT3 mutations exist: FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD (point mutations in D835 and I836 or deletion of codon I836).

Electron transport chain and mTOR inhibition synergistically decrease CD40 signaling and counteract venetoclax resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

CD40 signaling upregulates BCL-XL and MCL-1 expression in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymph node microenvironment, affording resistance to the BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax. Venetoclax resistance in the therapeutic setting and after long-term laboratory selection has been linked to metabolic alterations, but the underlying mechanism(s) are unknown. We aimed here to discover how CD40 stimulation as a model for tumor microenvironment-mediated metabolic changes, affects venetoclax sensitivity/resistance.

Pattern and clinical correlates of renal iron deposition in adult beta-thalassemia major patients.

We evaluated pattern and clinical correlates of renal T2* measurements in adult β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients. Ninety β-TM patients (48 females, 38.15 ± 7.

The Role of Diabetic Choroidopathy in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic choroidopathy was first described on histopathological specimens of diabetic eyes. This alteration was characterized by the accumulation of PAS-positive material within the intracapillary stroma. Inflammation and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) activation are crucial elements in choriocapillaris impairment.

Novel Drugs and Radiotherapy in Relapsed Lymphomas: Abscopal Response and Beyond.

Combined modality has represented a mainstay of treatment across many lymphoma histologies, given their sensitivity to both multi-agent chemotherapy and intermediate-dose radiotherapy. More recently, several new agents, including immunotherapies, have reshaped the therapeutic panorama of some lymphomas. In parallel, radiotherapy techniques have witnessed substantial improvement, accompanied by a growing understanding that radiation itself comes with an immune-mediated effect.

Gilteritinib: The Story of a Proceeding Success into Hard-to-Treat -Mutated AML Patients.

The traditionally dismal outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carrying the FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 () mutations has been mitigated by the recent introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) into clinics, such as midostaurin and gilteritinib. The present work summarizes the clinical data that led to the use of gilteritinib in clinical practice. Gilteritinib is a second-generation TKI with deeper single-agent activity than first-generation drugs against both and TKD mutations in human studies.

Impact of immunochemotherapy with R-bendamustine or R-CHOP for treatment naïve advanced-stage follicular lymphoma: A subset analysis of the FOLL12 trial by Fondazione Italiana Linfomi.

We conducted a post hoc analysis of the FOLL12 trial to determine the impact of different initial immunochemotherapy (ICT) regimens on patient outcomes. Patients were selected from the FOLL12 trial, which included adults with stage II-IV follicular lymphoma (FL) grade 1-3a and high tumor burden. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either standard ICT followed by rituximab maintenance (RM) or the same ICT followed by a response-adapted approach.

Dupilumab in the treatment of severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): A multicentric observational Phase IV real-life study (DUPIREAL).

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with significant morbidity and reduced health-related quality of life. Findings from clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of dupilumab in CRSwNP, although real-world evidence is still limited.

Methods: This Phase IV real-life, observational, multicenter study assessed the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP (n = 648) over the first year of treatment.

An understimated maneuver for oculomotor nerve palsy due to posterior communicating artery aneurysm: the opening of the anterior petroclinoid ligament. A technical note.

Posterior communicating artery aneurysms (PcomAs) present with oculomotor nerve (OMN) palsy in 20-30% of cases, and the sudden onset of OMN palsy has to raise the suspicion of rupture, until proven otherwise. The surgical technique is described in a stepwise fashion. An illustrative case is reported: a 57-year-old female was admitted to our department with the diagnosis of a right sided-PcomA.

Impact of gemtuzumab ozogamicin consolidation on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mobilization in AML: analysis of 20 patients.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), is an anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody, approved for AML CD33 + , those patients with low and intermediate-risk who obtain a complete response may also be candidated for consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, there are scant data on the mobilization of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) after fractionated GO. We retrospectively studied data from five Italian centers and identified 20 patients (median age 54 years, range 29-69, 15 female, 15 NPM1) that attempted HSC mobilization after fractionated doses of GO + "7 + 3" regimen and 1-2 cycles of consolidation (GO + HDAC + daunorubicin).

Short- and long-term effects of very low- and low-calorie ketogenic diets on metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors: a narrative review.

Worldwide obesity and cardiovascular diseases have encouraged the adoption of new and efficient dietary strategies. Among various proposed diets, ketogenic diets, both the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) and the low-calorie ketogenic diet (LCKD), have been suggested in recent years as an effective nutritional approach for obesity management. The VLCKD and the LCKD are characterized by a low carbohydrate content (<50 g/day), 1-1.

Molecular targets for the treatment of AML in the forthcoming 5th World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease for which the treatment armamentarium has been historically restricted to chemotherapy. However, genomic and epigenomic alterations that contribute to AML initiation, maintenance, and relapse have disclosed new insights to the 5th update in WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours.

Areas Covered: After four decades of intensive chemotherapy as a 'one-size-fits-all' concept, several targeted agents have been approved for the treatment of AML.

Longitudinal Assessment of Multiple Immunological and Inflammatory Parameters during Successful DAA Therapy in HCV Monoinfected and HIV/HCV Coinfected Subjects.

In the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era, it is important to understand the immunological changes after HCV eradication in HCV monoinfected (mHCV) and in HIV/HCV coinfected (HIV/HCV) patients. In this study, we analyzed sub-populations of monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), T-lymphocytes and inflammatory biomarkers following initiation of DAA in 15 mHCV and 16 HIV/HCV patients on effective antiretroviral therapy at baseline and after sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12). Fifteen age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD) were enrolled as a control group.

Identification of Predictive Factors for Overall Survival and Response during Hypomethylating Treatment in Very Elderly (≥75 Years) Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Multicenter Real-Life Experience.

Elderly patients represent the most challenging and hard-to-treat patient population due to dismal characteristics of the disease, such as secondary-acute myeloid leukemia (AML), enrichment of unfavorable molecular genes () and comorbidities. We conducted a multicentric retrospective study to evaluate activity and safety in a real-life setting of hypomethylating drugs (HMAs) in patients older than 75 years with AML. Between September 2010 and December 2021, 220 patients were treated, 164 (74.

Molecular Characterization of Whole-Genome SARS-CoV-2 from the First Suspected Cases of the XE Variant in the Lazio Region, Italy.

We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant variant XE detected in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) of hospitalized patients with no evident epidemiological link in Lazio, Central Italy. Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) performed on an Ion Torrent GSS5 platform according to Italian flash surveys showed genomes corresponding to the PANGOLIN unclassified lineage and the Nextclade XE clade. Further analyses were then carried out to investigate more deeply the genetic characteristics of these XE-like sequences.

Efficacy of radiofrequency and laser thermal ablation in solving thyroid nodule-related symptoms and cosmetic concerns. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several studies have showed good/excellent results of thermal-ablation (TA) to reduce volume of benign thyroid nodule (TN). Nevertheless, no systematic review has reported information about clinical achievements with TA. Being the latter of high interest, this systematic review was undertaken to achieve high evidence about the efficacy of TA in reducing TN-related symptoms and cosmetic concerns.

CPX-351: An Old Scheme with a New Formulation in the Treatment of High-Risk AML.

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) and acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) represent aggressive diseases characterized by a dismal prognosis if compared with de novo acute myeloid leukemia, especially in older patients. In these AML subsets, standard chemotherapy regimens produce poor response rates and unsatisfactory outcomes. Historically, conventional approaches consisted of an anthracycline combined with continuous infusion of cytarabine for 7 days, the "3+7" regimen.