How I do it: operative nuances of the Encephalo-Duro-Mio-Synangiosis (EDMS) technique for pediatric moyamoya disease and syndrome.

Background: Moyamoya disease, a progressive occlusive arteriopathy mainly affecting the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, leads to abnormal "Moyamoya vessels" and ischemic events in children due to decreased cerebral blood flow. Surgery, especially indirect revascularization, is suggested for pediatric Moyamoya cases.

Method: We present the Encephalo-Duro-Mio-Synangiosis (EDMS) technique, illustrated with figures and videos, based on 14 years' experience performing 71 surgeries by the senior author (SGJ) and the Moyamoya Interdisciplinary Workteam at "Prof.

The diagnostic workup of children with the radiologically isolated syndrome differs by age and by sex.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and spinal MRIs are often obtained in children with the radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) for diagnosis and prognosis. Factors affecting the frequency and timing of these tests are unknown.

Objective: To determine whether age or sex were associated with (1) having CSF or spinal MRI obtained or (2) the timing of these tests.

Feasibility of a pediatric long-term Home Ventilation Program in Argentina: 11 years' experience.

Background: Pediatric home ventilation (HV) has increased worldwide. A Home Ventilation Program (HVP) was started in the Pulmonary Department of the "Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr.

Identification of new risk factors for rolandic epilepsy: CNV at Xp22.31 and alterations at cholinergic synapses.

Background: Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common genetic childhood epilepsy, consisting of focal, nocturnal seizures and frequent neurodevelopmental impairments in speech, language, literacy and attention. A complex genetic aetiology is presumed in most, with monogenic mutations in accounting for >5% of cases.

Objective: To identify rare, causal CNV in patients with RE.

Pure subcutaneous seeding from medulloblastoma.

The authors present a patient with subcutaneous tumors associated with a desmoplastic medulloblastoma. This 6-year-old male who had previously undergone total removal of a cerebellar medulloblastoma was admitted because of new tumoral masses in the abdominal wall and the nuchal area. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated that both lesions were in the subcutaneous tissue.

Serum sex hormone-binding globulin and serum nonsex hormone-binding globulin-bound testosterone fractions in prepubertal boys with chronic renal failure.

We had previously reported that serum sex hormone binding-globulin (SHBG) decreases and serum non-SHBG-bound testosterone (T) and free T increase significantly from infancy to late prepuberty in normal prepubertal children of both sexes. We had also shown an age-related delay in these changes in hypopituitary boys, which was reversed by GH treatment. Stunted growth and delayed puberty are conspicuous features of chronic renal failure (CRF).