Comparing Operative Outcomes and Resection Quality in Robotic vs Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Meta-analysis of 54,000 Patients.

Background: High morbidity and mortality make pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) one of the most complicated surgical procedures. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD).

Method: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar was conducted from inception to November 2024.

Diagnostic utility of chest wall vessel involvement sign on ultra-high-resolution CT for primary lung cancer infiltrating the chest wall.

Objectives: Chest wall infiltration in primary lung cancer affects the surgical and therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the efficacy of the chest wall vessel involvement in subpleural lung cancer (CWVI)　on ultra-high-resolution CT (UHR-CT) for detecting chest wall invasion.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of lung cancer cases with confirmed pleural and chest wall invasion was conducted from November 2019 to April 2022.

Can response to ADHD medication be predicted?

Predictors for the pharmacological effect of ADHD medication in children and adolescents are lacking. This study examined clinically relevant factors in a large (N = 638) prospective cohort reflecting real-world evidence. Children and adolescents aged 6-17 diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated at baseline and three months following ADHD medication initiation.

Differential impact of frailty on surgical and non-surgical site complications in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the differential impact of frailty on surgical site complications (SSCs) and non-surgical site complications (non-SSCs) in gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing gastrectomy.

Methods: In this study, frailty was assessed preoperatively using a frailty index (FI) in 395 patients scheduled for gastrectomy for GC between January 2016 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups (high FI vs.

Association of BCHE gene SNP rs1803274 (K-variant) and rs3495 with obesity in Pakistani population group.

Background: Obesity plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic disorders including diabetes, coronary and renal diseases. There are several factors involved in the pathology of obesity, including chronic inflammation and exposure to environmental contaminants. Recently, the cholinergic co-hydrolyzing enzyme BChE has been associated with clinical conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

Evaluation of parotid and submandibular salivary glands with ultrasonography in diabetic patients.

Objectives: The main symptom of diabetes mellitus (DM) is hyperglycaemia, and patients with DM often have microvascular complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy; macrovascular complications, such as coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular disease; and oral complications, such as xerostomia, hyposalivation and periodontal disease. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the submandibular and parotid glands in type 2 DM patients and healthy individuals and to determine the changes in the salivary glands caused by diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In this study, the salivary glands of 100 patients (50 individuals with type 2 DM and 50 healthy individuals) were evaluated by ultrasonography (US).

Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.

Assessment of retinal pigment epithelium tears in eyes with submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

To assess retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears in eyes which underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to age-related macular degeneration and to investigate the prognostic factors of visual outcomes. This study was a retrospective, observational case series that included 24 eyes of 24 patients who underwent PPV with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator and air for SMH. RPE tears were investigated using spectral-domain or swept-source optical coherence tomography images with raster scan, combined confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope near-infrared images and color fundus photographs.

Urology on a changing planet: links between climate change and urological disease.

Urological diseases and their varied forms of management warrant special attention in the setting of climate change. Regarding urological cancers, climate change will probably increase the incidence and severity of cancer diagnoses through exposures to certain environmental risk factors, while simultaneously disrupting cancer care delivery and downstream outcomes. Regarding benign urological diseases, a burgeoning body of work exists on climate-related heat waves, dehydration, urolithiasis, renal injury and infectious and vector-borne diseases.

Lenvatinib versus sorafenib as second-line therapy following progression on atezolizumab-bevacizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study from Korea and Japan.

Purpose: Atezolizumab-bevacizumab (AB) is the established first-line systemic therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, the optimal second-line treatment for patients unresponsive to AB remains undefined.

Patients And Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included patients with uHCC who underwent second-line treatment with lenvatinib (LEN) or sorafenib (SOR) after AB failure at two academic centers between June 2018 and November 2023.

Impact of severe dysphagia on overall survival after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

In this study, we investigated the effect of severe dysphagia on the overall survival of patients who underwent PEG. A cohort of patients who underwent PEG between April 2016 and April 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The Hyodo-Komagane score was used to evaluate swallowing via endoscopy.

Effect of nutrition education and iron-folic acid supplementation on anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nutrition education and counseling using health belief health model constructs along with iron-folic acid supplementation on hemoglobin level and adherence to IFAs during pregnancy. The study was a three-month quasi-experimental study design in Butajira town, Ethiopia. Community-based nutrition education and counseling sessions using the Health belief model, and IFAS for six weeks were given to the pregnant women.

A copy number variation detection method based on OCSVM algorithm using multi strategies integration.

Copy number variation (CNV) is an important part of human genetic variations, which is associated with various kinds of diseases. To tackle the limitations of traditional CNV detection methods, such as restricted detection types, high error rates, and challenges in precisely identifying the location of variant breakpoints, a new method called MSCNV (copy number variations detection method for multi-strategies integration based on a one-class support vector machine model) is proposed. MSCNV establishes a multi-signal channel that integrates three strategies: read depth, split read, and read pair.

Association between changes in genital immune markers and vaginal microbiome transitions in bacterial vaginosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, is a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age and a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted infections, and preterm birth. BV is generally considered to induce mucosal inflammation, but the specific pathways and cell types involved are not well characterized. This prospective study aimed to assess associations between microbial changes and mucosal immune responses in BV patients.

Substrates, regulation, cellular functions, and disease associations of P4-ATPases.

P4-ATPases, a subfamily of the P-type ATPase superfamily, play a crucial role in translocating membrane lipids from the exoplasmic/luminal leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet. This process generates and regulates transbilayer lipid asymmetry. These enzymes are conserved across all eukaryotes, and the human genome encodes 14 distinct P4-ATPases.

Mendelian randomization analysis of plasma proteins reveals potential novel tumor markers for gastric cancer.

This study aimed to elucidate the potential causal relationship between 4,907 plasma proteins and the risk of gastric cancer using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. We utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, treating the 4,907 plasma proteins as exposure factors and gastric cancer as the outcome. Instrumental variables for plasma proteins were selected based on strongly correlated SNPs identified through data processing and screening of the GWAS data provided by the deCode database.

Meta-analysis of RNA-Seq datasets allows a better understanding of P. tricornutum cellular biology, a requirement to improve the production of Biologics.

The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is currently used for various industrial applications, including the pharmaceutical industry as a cost-effective cell biofactory to produce Biologics. Recent studies demonstrated that P. tricornutum can produce functional monoclonal antibodies, such application is currently limited by the production yield that hinders industrialization.

Isolation of PCSK9-specific nanobodies from synthetic libraries using a combined protein selection strategy.

Nanobodies (Nbs) hold great potential to replace conventional antibodies in various biomedical applications. However, conventional methods for their discovery can be time-consuming and expensive. We have developed a reliable protein selection strategy that combines magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-based screening of yeast surface display (YSD) libraries and functional ligand-binding identification by Tat-based recognition of associating proteins (FLI-TRAP) to isolate antigen-specific Nbs from synthetic libraries.

Association between ethylene oxide exposure and cognitive function in older adults from NHANES data.

Ethylene Oxide (EO), a volatile organic compound, has garnered considerable attention for its potential impact on human health. Yet, the ramifications of EO exposure on the cognitive functionality of the elderly remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether EO exposure in the elderly correlates with cognitive function.

Hypertensive load predicts recovery of renal function for patients undergoing revascularisation for renal artery stenosis.

Renal ischaemia due to renal artery stenosis produces two differing responses - a juxtaglomerular hypertensive response and cortical renal dysfunction. The reversibility of renal impairment is not predictable, and thus renal revascularisation is controversial. This study aims to test the hypothesis that the hypertensive response to renal ischaemia reflects viable renal parenchyma, and thus could be used to predict the recovery in renal function.

The association between age at menarche (AAM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the MASHAD cohort study.

Age at menarche may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in different ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to identify the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with age at menarche (AAM) in Mashhad, the second biggest city in Iran. This was a cross- sectional study based on cohort data of 2353 women (35-65 years) from Mashhad, Iran for whom the age at menarche was reported.

Prediction of subsequent vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation using MRI-based vertebral bone quality and CT-based Hounsfield units: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Subsequent vertebral fracture (SVF) is a common and refractory complication after percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Computed tomography (CT)-based Hounsfeld units (HU) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score can evaluate osteoporosis quantitatively, hyperlipidemia(HLP) might affect measurement result of VBQ score. The primary objective of this study is to compare the predictive capabilities of HU and VBQ for SVF, and to clarify the impact of hyperlipidemia on the predictive abilities.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using polyaniline-coated XTiO(X = Co, Ni) nanocomposites.

In this study, novel polyaniline-coated perovskite nanocomposites (PANI@CoTiO and PANI@NiTiO) were synthesized using an in situ oxidative polymerization method and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) a persistent organic pollutant. The nanocomposites displayed significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency compared to pure perovskites. The 1%wt PANI@NiTiO achieved an impressive 94% degradation of RhB under visible light after 180 min, while 1wt.

Nano urea's environmental edge and economic efficacy in boosting wheat grain yield across diverse Indian agro-climates.

The gradual increase in the consumption of mineral nitrogen is leading to heightened levels of harmful air pollutants, particularly NO emissions from the agriculture sector. A potential solution to address the issues arising from the excessive use of urea in wheat is the substitution of conventional urea with nano urea. This study aimed to quantify the effects of nano urea, both independently and in conjunction with prilled urea, under various agroclimatic and sowing conditions in India.

Biological correlates associated with high-risk breast cancer patients identified using a computational method.

Using a novel unsupervised method to integrate multi-omic data, we previously identified a breast cancer group with a poor prognosis. In the current study, we characterize the biological features of this subgroup, defined as the high-risk group, using various data sources. Assessment of three published hypoxia signatures showed that the high-risk group exhibited higher hypoxia scores (p < 0.