Specific symptomatology profile associated with treatment resistant depression: A multicentric study from the Group for the Study of Resistant Depression with a focus on sex.

Background: Clinical predictors of treatment-resistant depression could improve treatment strategies. Depressive symptom profiles at baseline are potential outcome predictors, but little evidence is available, and sex-specific profiles have been scarcely investigated.

Methods: Baseline symptom scores of 1294 patients with major depressive disorder were assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) as part of a multicenter study by the "Group for the Studies of Resistant Depression".

Therapeutic strategies for fungating and ulcerating breast cancers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: To identify optimal therapeutic strategies for managing fungating, large or ulcerating breast tumors and highlight existing gaps in the literature.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase, APA, PsycInfo, CAB abstracts, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to June 30, 2024, including studies on patients with fungating, large, or ulcerating breast cancers.

Results: The search identified 7917 studies, with 79 meeting the inclusion criteria: 62 case reports, 7 case series, and 10 cohort studies.

Exploring the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options of Multiple Sclerosis.

The complicated neurological syndrome known as multiple sclerosis (MS) is typified by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Managing this crippling illness requires an understanding of the complex interactions between neurophysiological systems, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic methods. A complex series of processes, including immunological dysregulation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, are involved in the pathogenesis of MS.

Retinal Protection of New Nutraceutical Formulation.

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) protection represents an unmet need in glaucoma. This study assessed the neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effect of a new nutraceutical formulation named Epicolin, based on citicoline, homotaurine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, forskolin, and vitamins, through in vitro and in vivo studies. The neuroprotective effect of Epicolin or its single components, and Epicolin compared to an untreated control and two marketed formulations [Formulation G (FG) and N (FN)], was evaluated in neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) challenged with staurosporine.

Effects of Dietary Habits on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Subjects with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Comparison Between the Mediterranean Diet and a Gluten-Free Diet.

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MedD) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects that are beneficial in autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD). Recently, a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been proposed for non-celiac patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), but its usefulness is under debate. The present pilot study evaluates the effects of these two dietary regimes, with a focus on redox homeostasis, in HT.

Associations Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Incident Sarcopenia in Prospective Cohort Studies.

The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, is prevalent in older adults and linked to an increased risk of disability, frailty, and early mortality. Muscle health is crucial for the functionality and independence of older adults. As the aging population continuously grows, finding cost-effective strategies for preventing and treating sarcopenia is an important public health priority.

The Rise of Fentanyl: Molecular Aspects and Forensic Investigations.

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid widely used for its potent analgesic effects in chronic pain management and intraoperative anesthesia. However, its high potency, low cost, and accessibility have also made it a significant drug of abuse, contributing to the global opioid epidemic. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fentanyl's medical applications, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacogenetics while examining its adverse effects and forensic implications.

Management of Patients with Vulvar Cancers: A Systematic Comparison of International Guidelines (NCCN-ASCO-ESGO-BGCS-IGCS-FIGO-French Guidelines-RCOG).

Background: Vulvar carcinoma is an uncommon gynecological tumor primarily affecting older women. Its treatment significantly impacts the quality of life and, not least, aesthetics because of the mutilating surgery it requires.

Objectives: The management requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists who know how to care for the patient in her entirety, not neglecting psychological aspects and reconstructive surgery.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): A Targeted Antioxidant Strategy to Counter Oxidative Stress in Retinopathy.

Omega-3 fatty acids are critical components of cell membranes, including those in the retina. Specifically, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the primary omega-3 fatty acids that have been studied for their potential benefits in retinal health, preventing the progression of retinopathy. Several studies have shown that a higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a lower risk of developing diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Impact of Nasal Anatomical Variation Subtype on Surgical Outcomes for Rhinogenic Contact Point Headache.

Rhinogenic contact point headache (RCPH) is a controversial secondary headache disorder involving mucosal contact points in the nasal sinuses. The efficacy of surgical versus medical management has been debated, with some studies showing excellent long-term outcomes but others citing placebo effects. This study aimed to clarify the correlation with nasal anatomical variation detected by CT and RCPH treatment outcomes.

Determinants of Rotavirus Vaccine Acceptance in an Area of Southern Italy with Low Vaccination Coverage: A Case-Control Study by the Health Belief Model Questionnaire.

Background/objectives: Rotavirus (RV) is the primary cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under five years of age. The introduction of Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) has markedly reduced RV-related childhood deaths, especially in Europe, where substantial reductions in hospitalizations and disease prevalence have been observed. Despite these advances, RVV uptake in Italy remains below the desired targets, with notable regional disparities.

Comprehensive assessment of caregiver burden and strain in early-stage Parkinson's disease: An exploratory study.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor and cognitive functions, reducing the quality of life (QoL) for both patients and caregivers. This study explored correlations between clinical and psychological factors in early-stage PD patients and their caregivers, focusing on disease burden and caregiver stress. Nineteen PD patients and their caregivers were assessed.

Time Estimation Following an Exhaustive Exercise.

Time estimation was investigated in 24 healthy adults, including 12 women and 12 men, before and after an exhaustive exercise. : We compared the ability of estimating time intervals in the range 1 to 5 s using tasks requiring mental counting and tasks that did not allow it. Time estimation and blood lactate levels were evaluated before and at the end of the exercise.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Contact Lenses in Therapeutic Care: A Comprehensive Review of Past Innovations, Present Applications, and Future Directions.

Contact lenses have become integral tools in the realm of ocular therapeutics, extending beyond their primary function of refractive correction to encompass a diverse array of therapeutic applications. This review explores the evolving role of contact lenses in managing various ocular conditions, highlighting their efficacy in enhancing patient outcomes. Initially developed to correct refractive errors, contact lenses now serve as effective vehicles for delivering medications directly to the ocular surface, offering targeted treatment for conditions such as dry eye syndrome and corneal ulcers.

Advanced UltraTech approach for distinguishing granulomatous from non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates in autoimmune rheumatic anterior uveitis.

Background: Anterior uveitis is a common manifestation in individuals with rheumatic conditions such as spondylarthritis, Behçet's syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and sarcoidosis. Clinical differentiation between granulomatous and non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates is crucial to subsequent diagnosis and treatment. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can ensure an accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate follow-up after local and systemic therapy.

Mepolizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Real life data in a multicentric Sicilian experience.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by a type 2 pattern of inflammation. Mepolizumab was approved for the treatment of CRSwNP in 2021. However, there is a lack of real-life studies.

Enhancing AI Chatbot Responses in Health Care: The SMART Prompt Structure in Head and Neck Surgery.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of prompt construction on the quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot responses in the context of head and neck surgery.

Study Design: Observational and evaluative study.

Setting: An international collaboration involving 16 researchers from 11 European centers specializing in head and neck surgery.

Physiopathological effects of entrance versus distal spread-out Bragg peak on mouse spinal cord neurons.

Recent investigations into radiation-induced side effects have focused on understanding the physiopathological consequences of irradiation on late-responding tissues like the spinal cord, which can lead to chronic progressive myelopathy. Proton therapy, an advanced radiation treatment, aims to minimize damage to healthy tissues through precise dose deposition. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the variation in dose distribution, characterized by maximum deposition at the end of the proton range, known as the distal fall-off of a spread-out Bragg peak.

In the Brain of Phosphodiesterases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Schizophrenia.

Intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate) and downstream cellular signal transduction are regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter pathways, and neuroinflammation-controlling functions of PDEs were demonstrated in numerous in vitro and animal model studies. We comprehensively reviewed the literature regarding the expression of PDEs in various brain regions.

Predicting Success: The Crucial Role of Preoperative Data in Refractive Surgery Outcomes.

Refractive surgery, which includes techniques such as Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), has revolutionized ophthalmology by offering advanced solutions for vision correction. However, the choice of the technique to be used in the individual patient is highly dependent on a thorough preoperative evaluation. This retrospective study aims to investigate how preoperative parameters, including corneal thickness, topography, and refraction, affect long-term post-operative clinical outcomes.

Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Frail Older Adults is Associated with Increased Survival: A Retrospective Study.

Background: In recent years, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a valuable treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure. Despite these medications seeming to be safe in older people, the literature about SGLT2i and frailty is still limited. This study aims to evaluate whether SGLT2i use is associated with increased survival in older adults and if frailty can affect the findings.

Soft Coagulation Versus Argon Plasma Coagulation After Large Non-pedunculated Colorectal Polyp Resection: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Thermal ablative methods (such as argon plasma coagulation (APC) and soft tip snare coagulation (STSC) are commonly used to treat polyp margins. We aim to appraise the current literature and compare clinical outcomes between patients with treated (with APC vs. STSC) and non-treated endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) margins.

Exploring the Relationship Between Humoral and Cellular T Cell Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Exposed Individuals From Emilia Romagna Region and COVID-19 Severity.

COVID-19 remains a significant global health problem with uncertain long-term consequences for convalescents. We investigated the relationships between anti-N protein antibody levels, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-associated TCR repertoire parameters, HLA type and epidemiological information from three cohorts of 524 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects subgrouped in acute phase, seronegative and seropositive convalescents from the Emilia Romagna region. Epidemiological information and anti-N antibody index were associated with TCR repertoire data.