812 results match your criteria: ""Kore" University of Enna.[Affiliation]"

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of prompt construction on the quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot responses in the context of head and neck surgery.

Study Design: Observational and evaluative study.

Setting: An international collaboration involving 16 researchers from 11 European centers specializing in head and neck surgery.

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Recent investigations into radiation-induced side effects have focused on understanding the physiopathological consequences of irradiation on late-responding tissues like the spinal cord, which can lead to chronic progressive myelopathy. Proton therapy, an advanced radiation treatment, aims to minimize damage to healthy tissues through precise dose deposition. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the variation in dose distribution, characterized by maximum deposition at the end of the proton range, known as the distal fall-off of a spread-out Bragg peak.

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In the Brain of Phosphodiesterases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Schizophrenia.

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

February 2025

Department of Mental Health of Enna, Psychiatry Unity, Enna Hospital, Enna, Italy.

Intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate) and downstream cellular signal transduction are regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter pathways, and neuroinflammation-controlling functions of PDEs were demonstrated in numerous in vitro and animal model studies. We comprehensively reviewed the literature regarding the expression of PDEs in various brain regions.

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Refractive surgery, which includes techniques such as Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), has revolutionized ophthalmology by offering advanced solutions for vision correction. However, the choice of the technique to be used in the individual patient is highly dependent on a thorough preoperative evaluation. This retrospective study aims to investigate how preoperative parameters, including corneal thickness, topography, and refraction, affect long-term post-operative clinical outcomes.

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Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Frail Older Adults is Associated with Increased Survival: A Retrospective Study.

Curr Pharm Des

January 2025

Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Background: In recent years, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a valuable treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure. Despite these medications seeming to be safe in older people, the literature about SGLT2i and frailty is still limited. This study aims to evaluate whether SGLT2i use is associated with increased survival in older adults and if frailty can affect the findings.

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Introduction: Thermal ablative methods (such as argon plasma coagulation (APC) and soft tip snare coagulation (STSC) are commonly used to treat polyp margins. We aim to appraise the current literature and compare clinical outcomes between patients with treated (with APC vs. STSC) and non-treated endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) margins.

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COVID-19 remains a significant global health problem with uncertain long-term consequences for convalescents. We investigated the relationships between anti-N protein antibody levels, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-associated TCR repertoire parameters, HLA type and epidemiological information from three cohorts of 524 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects subgrouped in acute phase, seronegative and seropositive convalescents from the Emilia Romagna region. Epidemiological information and anti-N antibody index were associated with TCR repertoire data.

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Exploring the Hearing Improvement and Parental Stress in Children with Hearing Loss Using Hearing Aids or Cochlear Implants.

J Clin Med

December 2024

Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Adult and Development Age Human Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.

This study aims to describe the stress levels experienced by parents of children with hearing loss who use conventional hearing aids or cochlear implants, and to assess the correlation between parental stress and the auditory skills acquired by the children. The study was conducted at the Policlinic "Gaetano Martino" in Messina, evaluating data from 42 pairs of parents of children using hearing aids or cochlear implants. Parents completed the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire (LEAQ) and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) 18 months after the initial device (hearing aid or cochlear implant) had been activated.

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: Firearm wounds tend to have a precise pattern. Despite this, real-world case presentations can present uncertain elements, sometimes deviating from what is considered standard, and present uncommon features that are difficult for forensic pathologists and ballistic experts to explain. : A retrospective analysis of autopsy reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Catania, covering 2019-2023, included 348 judicial inspections and 378 autopsies performed as part of the institute's overall activities.

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Tetanus Vaccination in Agricultural Workers: A Retrospective Study on Seroprevalence over 10 Years.

Vaccines (Basel)

December 2024

Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties 'Giuseppe D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.

Background/objectives: Tetanus is a serious, non-contagious infection caused by , which remains a global health threat despite the availability of an effective vaccine. The current state of immunization for agricultural workers in Italy reveals significant disparities, reflecting a non-homogeneous distribution of vaccination coverage across regions and subgroups. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of tetanus antibodies in a cohort of agricultural workers in Eastern Sicily in order to evaluate possible public health strategies for improving vaccination coverage.

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Audits allow analysis of the delivery of care and the prevalence of diseases. This study investigated kidney diseases' impact on end-stage renal disease (ERSD) in patients younger than 30 years. : This analysis is retrospectively conducted on young dialysis-dependent patients included in the Sicilian Registry of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Participants.

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Emergencies in Hematology: Why, When and How I Treat?

J Clin Med

December 2024

Hematology Unit with BMT, A.O.U. Policlinico "G.Rodolico-San Marco", 95123 Catania, Italy.

Hematological emergencies are critical medical conditions that require immediate attention due to their rapid progression and life-threatening nature. As various examples, hypercalcemia, often associated with cancers such as multiple myeloma, can lead to severe neurological and cardiac dysfunction. Hyperleukocytosis, common in acute myeloid leukemias, increases the risk of leukostasis and multiorgan failure.

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: 3D printing technology has gained considerable interest in the domain of orbital illnesses owing to its capacity to transform diagnosis, surgery planning, and treatment. This systematic review seeks to deliver a thorough examination of the contemporary applications of 3D printing in the treatment of ocular problems, encompassing tumors, injuries, and congenital defects. This systematic review of recent studies has examined the application of patient-specific 3D-printed models for preoperative planning, personalized implants, and prosthetics.

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Refractive errors, particularly myopia, are among the most prevalent visual impairments globally, with rising incidence in children and adolescents. This review explores the epidemiology and risk factors associated with the development of refractive errors, focusing on the environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to the current surge in myopia. We provide an overview of key genetic factors and molecular pathways driving the pathogenesis of myopia and other refractive errors, emphasizing the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.

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The management of glaucoma in pregnancy and breastfeeding requires a careful evaluation of treatment choices to guarantee the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. This review explores the intricacies of controlling glaucoma in pregnant and breastfeeding women, including a comprehensive overview of existing glaucoma treatment methods, clinical guidelines, and future therapeutic approaches. The efficacy and safety profiles of traditional treatment approaches, such as topical and systemic medicines and surgical treatments, are evaluated specifically about their use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

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Background: The Physical Self has been defined as the set of perceptual, descriptive, and evaluative aspects that each person uses to describe his or her physical domains. The Revised Physical Self-Perception Profile questionnaire (PSPP-R) is a self-reported measure of physical self-concept domains, including a Perceived Importance Profile questionnaire that assesses the subjective importance assigned to physical domains. Although the PSPP-R has been validated in several countries, it has not been validated in the Italian context.

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/: Optic neuropathies are a category of illnesses that ultimately cause damage to the optic nerve, leading to vision impairment and possible blindness. Disorders such as dominant optic atrophy (DOA), Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and glaucoma demonstrate intricate genetic foundations and varied phenotypic manifestations. This narrative review study seeks to consolidate existing knowledge on the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ocular neuropathies, examine genotype-phenotype correlations, and assess novel therapeutic options to improve diagnostic and treatment methodologies.

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Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are frequently detected incidentally and vary from benign to malignant. Accurate differentiation between mucinous (M-PCLs) and non-mucinous PCLs (NM-PCLs) is essential for appropriate management. This study aims to validate the accuracy of on-site glucose measurement using a glucometer with a cut-off of 50 mg/dL for distinguishing M-PCLs from NM-PCLs.

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Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) effectively diagnoses malignant and pre-malignant gastrointestinal lesions. In the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in enhancing EUS sensitivity and accuracy, particularly for subepithelial lesions (SELs) like gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Furthermore, AI models have shown high accuracy in predicting malignancy in gastric GISTs and distinguishing between benign and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

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Objectives: Chronic otitis media (COM) is a prevalent condition affecting auditory function. Ossiculoplasty is a known treatment strategy, but its effectiveness concerning the presence of cholesteatoma has not been extensively studied.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre study involving 153 patients diagnosed with COM without cholesteatoma (ncCOM) and with cholesteatoma (cCOM).

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Retinal diseases, which can lead to significant vision loss, are complex conditions involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, particularly Oncostatin M (OSM), has garnered attention for their roles in retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. This comprehensive review explores the dual nature of OSM and other IL-6 family members in retinal pathophysiology, highlighting their contribution to both degenerative and regenerative processes.

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Unraveling the complexity of HRD assessment in ovarian cancer by combining genomic and functional approaches: translational analyses of MITO16-MaNGO-OV-2 trial.

ESMO Open

January 2025

Uro-Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Ovarian cancer (OvC) constitutes significant management challenges primarily due to its late-stage diagnosis and the development of resistance to chemotherapy. The standard treatment regimen typically includes carboplatin and paclitaxel, with the addition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. However, the variability in treatment responses suggests the need to investigate factors beyond BRCA1/2 mutations, such as DNA repair mechanisms and epigenetic alterations.

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Complications of Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty with Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Narrative Review.

Aesthetic Plast Surg

January 2025

Primus Medical Center (GVM), Gruppo Otorinolaringoiatrico della Romagna, Via Punta di Ferro 2/c, 47122, Forlì, FC, Italy.

Background: The increasing popularity of cosmetic procedures has led to a rise in both surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Rhinoplasty, particularly nonsurgical rhinoplasty using injectable fillers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), has become highly sought after due to its minimally invasive nature. Despite its benefits, complications can occur, ranging from minor to severe.

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A Clinically Oriented Review of New Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat

December 2024

Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna (EN), Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • Current antipsychotics mainly target dopamine but often fail to address the complexity of schizophrenia and can cause significant side effects, highlighting a need for new treatments.
  • Recent research is focusing on non-dopaminergic antipsychotics, such as muscarinic agonists and 5-HT2A antagonists, to offer better therapeutic options for schizophrenia.
  • While new drugs like xanomeline-trospium have been approved, others like bitopertin and pimavanserin were halted in development, emphasizing the need for cautious evaluation of their efficacy and safety.
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Patients affected by metastatic carcinoma of the colon/rectum (mCRC) harboring mutations in the BRAF gene (MBRAF) respond poorly to conventional therapy and have a prognosis worse than that of patients without mutations. Despite the promising outcomes of targeted therapy utilizing multi-targeted inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling system, the therapeutic efficacy, especially for the microsatellite stable/DNA proficient mismatch repair (MSS/PMMR) subtype, remains inadequate. Patients with MBRAF/mCRC and high microsatellite instability or DNA deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/DMMR) exhibit a substantial tumor mutation burden, suggesting a high probability of response to immunotherapy.

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