HDAC3 genetic and pharmacologic inhibition radiosensitizes fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma by promoting DNA double-strand breaks.

Radiotherapy (RT) plays a critical role in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. The high risk PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-positive subtype (FP-RMS) is often resistant to RT. We have recently demonstrated that inhibition of class-I histone deacetylases (HDACs) radiosensitizes FP-RMS both in vitro and in vivo.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation and management of mitral valve prolapse - a comprehensive review.

Mitral valve prolapse is a common valve disorder that usually has a benign prognosis unless there is significant regurgitation or LV impairment. However, a subset of patients are at an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, which has led to the recognition of "arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse" as a clinical entity. Emerging risk factors include mitral annular disjunction and myocardial fibrosis.

Antitumour effects of SFX-01 molecule in combination with ionizing radiation in preclinical and in vivo models of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Despite a multimodal approach including surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, the 5-year event-free survival rate for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, remains very poor for metastatic patients, mainly due to the selection and proliferation of tumour cells driving resistance mechanisms. Personalised medicine-based protocols using new drugs or targeted therapies in combination with conventional treatments have the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects, while minimizing damage to healthy tissues in a wide range of human malignancies, with several clinical trials being started. In this study, we analysed, for the first time, the antitumour activity of SFX-01, a complex of synthetic d, l-sulforaphane stabilised in alpha-cyclodextrin (Evgen Pharma plc, UK), used as single agent and in combination with irradiation, in four preclinical models of alveolar and embryonal RMS.

Operational classification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas based on unsupervised clustering of real cases by experts.

Background: There is currently no staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is adapted to decision-making and universally used. Experts have unconscious ability to simplify the heterogeneity of clinical situations into a few relevant groups to drive their therapeutic decisions. Therefore, we have used unsupervised clustering of real cases by experts to generate an operational classification of cSCCs, an approach that was successful for basal cell carcinomas.

Computer-assisted urine cytology: Faster, cheaper, better?

Recent advancements in computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) have catalysed significant progress in pathology, particularly in the realm of urine cytopathology. This review synthesizes the latest developments and challenges in CAD for diagnosing urothelial carcinomas, addressing the limitations of traditional urinary cytology. Through a literature review, we identify and analyse CAD models and algorithms developed for urine cytopathology, highlighting their methodologies and performance metrics.

A global survey on the use of the international classification of diseases codes for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.

Methods: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.

Feasibility of MALDI-MSI-Based Proteomics Using Bouin-Fixed Pathology Samples: Untapping the Goldmine of Nephropathology Archives.

The application of innovative spatial proteomics techniques, such as those based upon matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) technology, has the potential to impact research in the field of nephropathology. Notwithstanding, the possibility to apply this technology in more routine diagnostic contexts remains limited by the alternative fixatives employed by this ultraspecialized diagnostic field, where most nephropathology laboratories worldwide use bouin-fixed paraffin-embedded (BFPE) samples. Here, the feasibility of performing MALDI-MSI on BFPE renal tissue is explored, evaluating variability within the trypsin-digested proteome as a result of different preanalytical conditions and comparing them with the more standardized formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) counterparts.

Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin: Drug Candidates in Post-COVID-19 Critical Illness Neuropathy and Positioning-Related Peripheral Nerve Injury of the Upper Extremity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most dramatic pandemic of the new millennium and patients with serious infection can stay in intensive care unit (ICU) for weeks in a clinical scenario of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, likely related to the subsequent development of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP). It is in fact now accepted that COVID-19 ICU surviving patients can develop CIP; moreover, prone positioning-related stretch may favor the onset of positioning-related peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). Therefore, the urgent need to test drug candidates for the treatment of these debilitating sequelae is emerged even more.

Left Ventricle Noncompaction Phenotype: Cause or Consequence?

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is commonly described as a congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by prominent myocardial trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses extending in the left ventricular chamber. Clinical presentation can differ considerably from asymptomatic individuals to those presenting with heart failure and other serious complications. Diagnosis is usually made by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance.

Oncological Outcomes in Men With Favorable Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer Enrolled in Active Surveillance.

Background/aim: To evaluate the long-term oncological outcomes in men with intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa) enrolled in active surveillance (AS).

Patients And Methods: From April 2015 to December 2022, 30 men with Gleason score 3+4/ISUP Grade Group2 (GG2), greatest percentage of cancer (GPC) ≤50%, Gleason pattern 4 ≤10%, ≤3 positive biopsy cores were enrolled in AS. All patients underwent confirmatory transperineal saturation biopsy (SPBx: 20 cores) 12 months from diagnosis plus multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) evaluation.

The biomarkers ATLAS: An audit on 1100 non-small cell lung cancer from an Italian knowledge-based database.

Aims: To date, precision medicine has revolutionized the clinical management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). International societies approved a rapidly improved mandatory testing biomarkers panel for the clinical stratification of NSCLC patients, but harmonized procedures are required to optimize the diagnostic workflow. In this context a knowledge-based database (Biomarkers ATLAS, https://biomarkersatlas.

The potential therapeutic role of Hericium erinaceus extract in pathologic conditions involving the urogenital-gut axis: insights into the involved mechanisms and mediators.

In this review we focused on the putative therapeutic effect of Hericium erinaceus extract in the treatment of pathologic conditions of the lower urinary tract in which intestinal inflammation may play a role. To this aim we reviewed the available evidence on pelvic cross-organ sensitization as a possible mechanism through which intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis may affect the lower urinary tract. Also, we reviewed the clinical and experimental evidence supporting the role of Hericium erinaceus extract as an anti-inflammatory agent highlighting the role of a number of putative mediators and mechanisms which might make this nutraceutical suitable for the management of 'difficult to treat' lower urinary tract disorders.

Dynamic shifts in lung cytokine patterns in post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease patients: a pilot study.

Introduction: The pathogenesis of post-COVID interstitial lung disease, marked by lung tissue scarring and functional decline, remains largely unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to elucidate the temporal cytokine/chemokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients with post-COVID interstitial lung disease to uncover potential immune drivers of pulmonary complications.

Design: We evaluated 16 females diagnosed with post-COVID interstitial lung disease, originating from moderate to severe cases during the second epidemic wave in the Autumn of 2020, treated at the Pneumology Department of the Arad County Clinical Hospital, Romania.

Patient journey in gastroesophageal reflux disease: real-world perspectives from Italian gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, and ENT specialists.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a challenging condition that involves different physicians, such as general practitioners (GPs), gastroenterologists, and ears, nose and throat (ENT) specialists. A common approach consists of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) administration. Adjunctive pharmacological treatment may have a role in the management of non-responders to PPIs.

Assessing Diabetic Retinopathy Staging With AI: A Comparative Analysis Between Pseudocolor and LED Imaging.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) staging system across pseudocolor, simulated white light (SWL), and light-emitting diode (LED) camera imaging modalities.

Methods: A cross-sectional investigation involved patients with diabetes undergoing imaging with an iCare DRSplus confocal LED camera and an Optos confocal, ultra-widefield pseudocolor camera, with and without SWL. Macula-centered and optic nerve-centered 45 × 45-degree photographs were processed using EyeArt v2.

Ductal prostate cancer staging: Role of PSMA PET/CT.

Introduction: To evaluate the accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in the diagnosis and clinical staging of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC).

Materials And Methods: Two Caucasian men 58 and 62 years old were admitted to our Department for dysuria: the patients had not familiarity for prostate cancer (PCa), PSA values were 5.6 and 2.

The JAK-STAT Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer Patients with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: A Narrative Review.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal component in the treatment of various malignancies, encompassing lung, skin, gastrointestinal, and head and neck cancers. The foundation of this therapeutic approach lies in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in impeding the neoplastic progression of these tumours, their use may give rise to substantial toxicity, notably in the gastrointestinal domain, where ICI colitis constitutes a significant aspect.