Not all stains are made equal: impact of stain normalization on prostate cancer diagnosis.

Objective: Stain normalization is a technique used to standardize the color appearance of digital whole slide images (WSIs). This study aimed to assess the impact of digital stain normalization on prostate cancer diagnosis by pathologists.

Methods: A multi-institutional board of four pathologists evaluated 407 hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) prostate WSIs before and after stain normalization.

Eating- and Weight-Related Disorders in the Armed Forces.

Background/objectives: Like in the general population, the prevalences of eating- and weight-related health issues in the armed forces are increasing. Relevant medical conditions include the eating disorders (EDs) anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), as well as body dysmorphic disorder, muscle dysmorphia, and the relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) syndrome.

Methods: We performed a narrative literature review on eating- and weight-related disorders in the armed forces.

Multiparametric MRI targeted prostate biopsy: When omit systematic biopsy?

Introduction: To evaluate the detection rate for prostate cancer (PCa) performing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) fusion targeted biopsy (TPBx) combined only with ipsilateral systematic prostate biopsy (SPBx).

Materials And Methods: From January 2023 to December 2023, 495 men with clinical suspicion of PCa underwent transperineal SPBx plus TPBx in the presence of PI-RADS score lesions ≥ 3.

Results: In 250/495 men (50.

Non-surgical management of BPH: An updated review of current literature and state of the art on natural compounds and medical therapy.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disease that is strongly associated with the aging process and can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). LUTS due to BPH can significantly affect the quality of life of many patients. Among the treatments available for BPH to improve symptoms and functional outcomes, drug therapy and surgical therapy are the options of choice.

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease: Results from a Large Real-Life Cohort Study.

Ustekinumab (UST) is an interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Only limited real-life data on the long-term outcomes of CD patients treated with UST are available. This study assessed UST's long-term effectiveness and safety in a large population-based cohort of moderate to severe CD patients.

Clinical parameters of death and heart failure hospitalization in biventricular systolic dysfunction assessed via cardiac magnetic resonance.

Aims: While factors associated with adverse events are well elucidated in setting of isolated left ventricular dysfunction, clinical and imaging-based prognosticators of adverse outcomes are lacking in context of biventricular dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to establish role of clinical variables in prognosis of biventricular heart failure (HF), as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: Study cohort consisted of 840 patients enrolled in DERIVATE registry with coexisting CMR-derived right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, as defined by RV and LV ejection fractions ≤45 % and ≤ 50 %, respectively.

Sexual dysfunctions in inflammatory bowel disease: role of Mediterranean diet and quality of life.

Background: Dietary factors and chronic gastrointestinal diseases are frequent determinants of sexual dysfunctions (SD). Whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with SD is not well known as well as the role of diet and quality of life (QoL).

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of SD in a cohort of IBD patients and assess the role of clinical-demographic variables, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and QoL.

PSMA PET/CT Accuracy in Diagnosing Prostate Cancer Nodes Metastases.

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in pelvic nodal staging, using postoperative histopathology data as the reference standard.

Patients And Methods: From January 2020 to June 2024, 78 patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) (ISUP Grade Group 2) underwent radical prostatectomy plus extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND): 60 (77%) vs. 18 (23%) men had an intermediate vs.

Assessing the Validity of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels for Evaluating the Healthiness of Mediterranean Food Choices: A Global Comparison.

In response to growing public health concerns, governments worldwide have implemented various nutrition labelling schemes to promote healthier eating habits. This study aimed to assess the consistency and effectiveness of these labels in an out-of-home context, specifically focusing on restaurant, hospitality, and institutional food service settings. In total, 178 different dishes from Spain were analysed using labels from the Mazocco method, the UK's traffic light system, the Health Star Rating (Australia), Nutri-Score (France), multiple traffic lights (Ecuador), and warning labels (Chile and Uruguay).

Predictive value of perilesional edema volume in melanoma brain metastasis response to stereotactic radiosurgery.

Background And Aim: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is an established treatment for melanoma brain metastases (MBM). Recent evidence suggests that perilesional edema volume (PEV) might compromise the delivery and efficacy of radiotherapy to treat BM. This study investigated the association between SRT efficacy and PEV extent in MBM.

Improving the Annotation Process in Computational Pathology: A Pilot Study with Manual and Semi-automated Approaches on Consumer and Medical Grade Devices.

The development of reliable artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in pathology often depends on ground truth provided by annotation of whole slide images (WSI), a time-consuming and operator-dependent process. A comparative analysis of different annotation approaches is performed to streamline this process. Two pathologists annotated renal tissue using semi-automated (Segment Anything Model, SAM)) and manual devices (touchpad vs mouse).

Integrated diagnostics, complex biomarkers, and a new frontier for tissue pathology.

What will be the next disruptive technology that will change pathology's routine practice again? In this editorial we make a case for the need of more complex biomarkers in oncology diagnostics, to match the inherent complexity of cancer biology. This complexity will be achieved by the validation of technology able to generate more meaningful biological datapoints (epitomized in tissue pathology by technologies such as multiplex immunofluorescence) and, more important, by the systematic analysis of multimodal technology outputs with artificial intelligence tools, which is the essence of integrated diagnostics. While describing these processes, the authors highlight the pivotal role that histopathology will play, once again, in yet another transformation in diagnostics.

Correction: Gravina et al. ATX-101, a Peptide Targeting PCNA, Has Antitumor Efficacy Alone or in Combination with Radiotherapy in Murine Models of Human Glioblastoma. 2022, , 289.

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Global treatment of haemorrhoids-A worldwide snapshot audit conducted by the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons.

Aim: There is no universally accepted treatment consensus for haemorrhoids, and thus, management has been individualized all over the world. This study was conducted to assess a global view of how surgeons manage haemorrhoids.

Methods: The research panel of the International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ISUCRS) developed a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire evaluating surgeons' experience, volume and treatment approaches to haemorrhoids.

Multimodal representations of biomedical knowledge from limited training whole slide images and reports using deep learning.

The increasing availability of biomedical data creates valuable resources for developing new deep learning algorithms to support experts, especially in domains where collecting large volumes of annotated data is not trivial. Biomedical data include several modalities containing complementary information, such as medical images and reports: images are often large and encode low-level information, while reports include a summarized high-level description of the findings identified within data and often only concerning a small part of the image. However, only a few methods allow to effectively link the visual content of images with the textual content of reports, preventing medical specialists from properly benefitting from the recent opportunities offered by deep learning models.

Magnetic resonance mapping for the assessment of cardiomyopathies and myocardial disease.

In recent years, the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has grown exponentially in clinical practice. The keys for this success are represented by the possibility of tissue characterization, cardiac volumes and myocardial perfusion assessment, biventricular function evaluation, with no use of ionizing radiations and with an extremely interesting profile of reproducibility. The use of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) nearly compares a non-invasive biopsy for cardiac fibrosis quantification.

Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy schedules for breast cancer according to body mass index: results from the phase III GIM2 trial.

Background: The phase III GIM2 trial showed improved disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) with adjuvant dose-dense (DD) as compared with standard-interval (SI) chemotherapy in women with node-positive early-stage breast cancer (BC). This exploratory analysis aimed to investigate the benefit of different schedules according to body mass index (BMI) in this trial.

Patients And Methods: This analysis explored the efficacy, in terms of DFS and OS, of different chemotherapy schedules according to BMI.

HDAC3 genetic and pharmacologic inhibition radiosensitizes fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma by promoting DNA double-strand breaks.

Radiotherapy (RT) plays a critical role in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in childhood. The high risk PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-positive subtype (FP-RMS) is often resistant to RT. We have recently demonstrated that inhibition of class-I histone deacetylases (HDACs) radiosensitizes FP-RMS both in vitro and in vivo.