2,728 results match your criteria: ""G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti.[Affiliation]"

This paper provides a critical overview on GHRH and its deficiency, discussing its multiple roles in both central and peripheral tissues. Genetically engineered mice have been instrumental in elucidating the multifaceted roles of GHRH and GH, each offering unique insights into the physiological and pathological roles of these hormones, although in many of these models dissecting the direct effect of GHRH from the effect of GH is not possible. Key findings highlight the effects of GHRH deficiency on emotional behavior, including anxiety and depression, its impact on memory and learning capabilities, as well as on adipose tissue, immune system, inflammation and pain.

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Aim: The intricate structure of the tooth root canals has a role in the colonization and biofilm formation in hidden areas that are hardly reached by standard endodontic treatments. This review aims at summarizing data from and studies for a better understanding of the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for the disinfection of dental root canals.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened.

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How Italian radiation oncologists use ChatGPT: a survey by the young group of the Italian association of radiotherapy and clinical oncology (yAIRO).

Radiol Med

December 2024

Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Purpose: To investigate the awareness and the spread of ChatGPT and its possible role in both scientific research and clinical practice among the young radiation oncologists (RO).

Material And Methods: An anonymous, online survey via Google Forms (including 24 questions) was distributed among young (< 40 years old) ROs in Italy through the yAIRO network, from March 15, 2024, to 31, 2024. These ROs were officially registered with yAIRO in 2023.

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The aim of this finite element analysis (FEA) was to investigate the distribution of von Mises stress within dental implant components, as well as trabecular and cortical bone. The study considered various bone qualities that influence cortical thickness in contact with the implant, specifically examining cortical thicknesses of 0.5, 1.

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This work deals with the synthesis of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using rice husk as the starting material, instead of the more expensive chemicals currently used in the industry (i.e., Na aluminates and Na silicates).

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Background/objectives: Perillyl alcohol (POH), a plant-derived compound, has demonstrated anti-tumor activity across various human cancers. Understanding the regulatory pathways through which POH exerts its effects is crucial for identifying new therapeutic opportunities and exploring potential drug repositioning strategies. Therefore, this scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the metabolic and regulatory pathways involved in the anticancer effects of POH, based on in vitro evidence.

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Introduction: Dental implant treatment can still fail due to various factors. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the influence of operator experience in a postgraduate educational setting, as well as patient, implant, and surgical risk factors on the incidence of the dental implant failure.

Methods: The dental records of 1049 implants with a mean follow-up of 794.

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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is extensively discussed in numerous expert consensus documents and international guidelines, with differing recommendations. To support clinicians in daily practice and decision-making, we conducted a systematic review of key guidelines and recommendations concerning the diagnosis and clinical management of DCM. Our research encompassed MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant articles published, as well as the websites of relevant scientific societies.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study explored how self-confidence, mental toughness, coping strategies, and appraisals of challenges or threats affect athletes' psychological and social experiences, using multi-states (MuSt) theory as a framework.
  • Researchers assessed 76 elite male rugby players from the Italian national team during their training for the 2024 Men's Six Nations Championship.
  • Results indicated that effective problem-focused coping and viewing situations as challenges helped mediate the positive effects of self-confidence and mental toughness on overall athlete wellbeing and performance, supporting the ideas behind MuSt theory.
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Generation, interrogation, and future applications of microglia-containing brain organoids.

Neural Regen Res

December 2024

Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.

Article Synopsis
  • Brain organoids are 3D cultures derived from stem cells that mimic in vivo brain development and functions, offering advantages over traditional 2D cell cultures and animal models.
  • A significant limitation is their lack of diverse cell types, particularly from endodermal and mesodermal origins, prompting research on integrating functional vasculature and microglial cells.
  • The review focuses on immune-competent brain organoids, emphasizing their potential for studying neuronal network formation and inflammatory responses, while highlighting the need for further validation in therapeutic applications against inflammation-related neurodegeneration.
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The advancements of technological devices and software are putting mixed reality in the frontline of teaching medical personnel. The Microsoft HoloLens 2 offers a unique 3D visualization of a hologram in a physical, real environment and allows the urologists to interact with it. This review provides a state-of-the-art analysis of the applications of the HoloLens in a medical and healthcare context of teaching through simulation designed for medical students, nurses, residents especially in urology.

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Objective: To compare the effectiveness and cost of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) when only one or two blastocysts are obtained.

Methods: A dataset was gathered from 1829 patients including 368 non-PGT-A and 1461 PGT-A cycles with one or two blastocysts obtained, between April 2013 and July 2022. Patients were matched 1:1 by propensity-score matching for maternal age, number of metaphase-II oocytes inseminated and number of blastocysts obtained, achieving a database of 242 patients per group.

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Objective: To report the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) in detecting fetal chromosomal anomalies in women experiencing miscarriage.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to June 2024. The inclusion criteria were women experiencing miscarriage (defined as pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation) who underwent cfDNA screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13, other autosomal aneuploidies, sex-chromosome aneuploidies and/or copy-number variants (CNVs).

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Acute local and non-local morphological, sensory and fluid responses to stretching and foam rolling in young females.

Heliyon

October 2024

Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Background: This study aimed to compare and examine the local and non-local effects of a foam rolling (FR) and static stretching (SS) intervention applied to the plantar flexor (PF).

Methods: Fourteen female participants were investigated. Each participant underwent three conditions in a random order at least 48h apart and at the same time of the day: Control (CC), SS, and FR.

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Factors influencing nurses and nursing students' attitudes towards vaccinations: A cross-sectional study.

Int J Nurs Stud

November 2024

Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address:

Background: Vaccination hesitancy remains the main obstacle to improving vaccination coverage. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals is essential. It is crucial to study the vaccination attitudes of healthcare professionals as they significantly influence the vaccination attitudes and behaviour of the rest of the population.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Itel-MMSE is an easy-to-use telephone screening tool for dementia that gained traction during COVID-19 but needed validation and faced issues like a ceiling effect.
  • This study standardized and validated the Itel-MMSE, recruiting 707 healthy participants and 368 individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease to establish new cut-off scores.
  • Results indicated that the Itel-MMSE is effective in identifying dementia, with strong performance metrics in distinguishing between normal conditions and cognitive impairments, supporting its use in remote screenings.
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Article Synopsis
  • About 70% of bladder cancer cases are non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and inflammation, influenced by factors like smoking, affects treatment outcomes with BCG therapy.
  • A study analyzed data from 1,313 NMIBC patients to examine how smoking and systemic inflammation impact the effectiveness of BCG using a machine-learning algorithm.
  • The results indicated that both smoking status and specific inflammatory markers can significantly predict the risk of disease progression, highlighting the need for tailored treatment strategies and further research to confirm the findings.
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When neuromodulation met control theory.

J Neural Eng

December 2024

Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Via dei Vestini 33, Chieti Scalo, CH, 66013, ITALY.

The brain is a highly complex physical system made of assemblies of neurons that work together to accomplish elaborate tasks such as motor control, memory and perception. How these parts work together has been studied for decades by neuroscientists using neuroimaging, psychological manipulations, and neurostimulation. Neurostimulation has gained particular interest, given the possibility to perturb the brain and elicit a specific response.

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Managing drug-drug interactions with mavacamten: A focus on combined use of antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants.

Heart Rhythm

November 2024

Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, WellSpan Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • * Its effectiveness can be influenced by the individual's CYP2C19 genetic profile and interactions with other medications that affect liver enzymes, which could lead to adverse effects or reduced effectiveness.
  • * The paper aims to provide healthcare professionals with guidance on safely prescribing mavacamten alongside commonly used drugs for managing atrial fibrillation in HCM patients, emphasizing the importance of genetic factors and patient safety monitoring.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to explore how sperm quality (based on WHO-2021 criteria) and paternal factors like BMI and age relate to outcomes in ICSI cycles with PGT-A, focusing on clinical and embryological results.
  • Conducted at a private IVF clinic, the research included data from 3101 couples over several years, employing techniques like trophectoderm biopsies and chromosome testing to evaluate the success of fertilization and embryo development.
  • Results showed that maternal age significantly affected embryo quality, while lower sperm motility and specific conditions like obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia were linked to poorer outcomes, including live birth rates.
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Article Synopsis
  • * The diets of parents before and during pregnancy significantly influence the health and metabolic risk of their children, with factors like maternal diet and gestational weight gain playing key roles.
  • * Proper nutrition during infancy, including breastfeeding and timely complementary feeding, is crucial for preventing later weight gain and associated health risks, highlighting the need for effective preventive strategies.
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is still the least studied and evaluated form in clinical practice among atherosclerotic pathologies, despite the increased mortality and comorbidities related to it. The relationship between steatotic liver disease and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been extensively documented. The purpose of this work is to perform a review of the evidence linking NAFLD or MASLD to PAD, and examine possible clinical scenarios that arise from this new terminology.

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: The increase in fungal infections, both systemic and invasive, is a major source of morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised people such as cancer patients and organ transplant recipients. Because of their strong therapeutic activity and excellent safety profiles, azole antifungals are currently the most extensively used systemic antifungal drugs. Antibacterial properties of various topical antifungals, such as oxiconazole, which features oxime ether functionality, were discovered, indicating an exciting prospect in antimicrobial chemotherapy.

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This study aims to identify a metabolomic signature that facilitates the classification of syncope and the categorization of the unexplained syncope (US) to aid in its management. We compared a control group (CTRL, = 10) with a transient loss of consciousness (TLC) group divided into the OH group ( = 23) for orthostatic syncope, the NMS group ( = 26) for neuromediated syncope, the CS group ( = 9) for cardiological syncope, and the US group ( = 27) for US defined as syncope without a precise categorization after first- and second-level diagnostic approaches. The CTRL and the TLC groups significantly differed in metabolic profile.

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A Randomized Clinical Study of a Curcumin and Melatonin Toothpaste Against Periodontal Bacteria.

Biomedicines

October 2024

Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Dentistry, Center of Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

The mouth and the oropharyngeal system are home to numerous bacterial species that constitute the so-called oral microbiome and play an important role for the integrity of the oral cavity, influencing the overall health of the body, as demonstrated by several studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial modulation potential of a toothpaste (bioredoxin) containing curcumin and melatonin. Both substances have anti-inflammatory properties, as documented in several scientific reports.

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