Electrophysiological and Neuropsychological Indices of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Insomnia and Severe Benzodiazepine Use Disorder.

Benzodiazepine (BDZ) misuse is a growing health problem, with 1-2% of patients under BDZ treatment meeting the criteria for use disorder or dependence. Although BDZ addiction potential has been known for decades, much remains unknown its effects on brain functions. The aim of this study was to assess the neuropsychological and neurophysiological profile of a group of chronic insomniacs taking long-term high doses of benzodiazepine.

Efficacy of a new nutraceutical formulation: L-tryptophan, probiotics, charcoal, chamomile, mint, and licorice (COLONIR®) in the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. IBS is characterized by recurrent chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of organic damage. Although there are reviews and guidelines for treating IBS, the complexity and diversity of IBS presentation make treatment difficult.

Bronchiolitis 2021-2022 epidemic: multicentric analysis of the characteristics and treatment approach in 214 children from different areas in Italy.

Bronchiolitis causes a remarkable number of hospitalizations; its epidemiology follows that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), its main pathogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presenting features, treatment approach, and impact of medical therapy in four pediatric hospitals in Italy. Data on infants < 24 months of age hospitalized with bronchiolitis in the 2021-2022 season were collected.

A novel drainage strategy using chest tube plus pleural catheter in uniportal upper lobectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: In this study we explored whether one pleural catheter plus single chest tube drainage could achieve a noninferior drainage effect when compared with the traditional two chest tubes in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for an upper pulmonary lobectomy.

Methods: Patients that underwent an upper pulmonary lobectomy from January to November 2020 were enrolled in this single-center, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial. Prior to closure, patients were randomized to an intervention group who received an improved drainage strategy involving one pleural catheter with one chest tube (24 Fr), while traditional double chest tube drainage was applied for the control group.

The sternum reconstruction: Present and future perspectives.

Sternectomy is a procedure mainly used for removing tumor masses infiltrating the sternum or treating infections. Moreover, the removal of the sternum involves the additional challenge of performing a functional reconstruction. Fortunately, various approaches have been proposed for improving the operation and outcome of reconstruction, including allograft transplantation, using novel materials, and developing innovative surgical approaches, which promise to enhance the quality of life for the patient.

Biological effects of COVID-19 on lung cancer: Can we drive our decisions.

COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is considered catastrophic because it affects multiple organs, particularly those of the respiratory tract. Although the consequences of this infection are not fully clear, it causes damage to the lungs, the cardiovascular and nervous systems, and other organs, subsequently inducing organ failure. In particular, the effects of SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation on cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment need to be investigated.

Comparative Analysis of Free-Circulating and Vesicle-Associated Plasma microRNAs of Healthy Controls and Early-Stage Lung Cancer Patients.

In recent years, circulating extracellular miRNAs have emerged as a useful tool for the molecular characterization and study of tumors' biological functions. However, the high heterogeneity in sample processing, isolation of circulating fraction, RNA extraction, and sequencing hamper the reproducibility and the introduction of these biomarkers in clinical practice. In this paper, we compare the content and the performance of miRNA sequencing in plasma-derived samples processed with different isolation protocols.

Clonazepam for the management of sleep disorders.

Background: The objectives of this review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic data are those to focus on the clinical use of clonazepam for the management of sleep disorders by re-analyzing clinical trials and randomized clinical trials which have been published in peer-reviewed journals.

Methods: A review of the literature including clinical trials and randomized controlled trials was performed in PubMed®, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement protocol. A random effects model meta-analysis was then carried out for the four more frequently reported polysomnographic measures: total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and periodic leg movement during sleep (PLMS) index.

Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), a Mediterranean Diet Component, in the Management of Muscle Mass and Function Preservation.

Aging results in a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. This pathological condition is due to multifactorial processes including physical inactivity, inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, and nutritional intake. Physical therapy remains the standard approach to treat sarcopenia, although some interventions based on dietary supplementation are in clinical development.

Phenotypic, functional, and metabolic heterogeneity of immune cells infiltrating non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cancer in the world, accounting for 1.2 million of new cases annually, being responsible for 17.8% of all cancer deaths.

Management of Preschool Wheezing: Guideline from the Emilia-Romagna Asthma (ERA) Study Group.

Preschool wheezing should be considered an umbrella term for distinctive diseases with different observable and measurable phenotypes. Despite many efforts, there is a large gap in knowledge regarding management of preschool wheezing. In order to fill this lack of knowledge, the aim of these guidelines was to define management of wheezing disorders in preschool children (aged up to 5 years).

Second Surgery for Recurrent Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma after Multimodality Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive asbestos-related tumour with poor prognosis. To date, a multimodality treatment, including chemotherapy and surgery, with or without radiotherapy, is the gold standard therapy for selected patients with epithelioid and early-stage MPM. In this setting, the goal of surgery is to achieve the macroscopic complete resection, obtained by either extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication.

The role of Ivor Lewis esophagectomy in the treatment of achalasia with megaesophagus: A case report.

Introduction: Achalasia with megaesophagus is a pathology characterized by widespread and irregular dilation of the esophageal lumen. In most cases, this dilation is caused by contraction and subsequent failed relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It may be associated with a partial or complete slowing of the esophageal peristalsis.

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Their Interplay with Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs): A New World of Targets and Treatments.

The importance of defining new molecules to fight cancer is of significant interest to the scientific community. In particular, it has been shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity; on the other side, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seem to split away from the primary tumor and appear in the circulatory system as singular units or clusters. It is becoming more and more important to discover new biomarkers related to these populations of cells in combination to define the network among them and the tumor microenvironment.

The Influence of Cancer Stem Cells on the Risk of Relapse in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Lung cancer relapse may be associated with the presence of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with unlimited proliferative potential. Our study assessed the relationship between CSCs and the relapse rate in patients harboring adenocarcinoma (ADL) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL).

Experimental Design: This is an observational prospective cohort study (NCT04634630) assessing the influence of CSC frequency on relapse rate after major lung resection in 35 patients harboring early (I-II) (n = 21) and locally advanced (IIIA) (n = 14) ADL and SCCL.

The importance of diaphragmatic surgery, chemical pleurodesis and postoperative hormonal therapy in preventing recurrence in catamenial pneumothorax: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is defined as a recurrent, spontaneous pneumothorax occurring within a day before or 72 h after the onset of menstruation. Most first episodes go undiagnosed and treated as primary spontaneous pneumothorax, and only after recurrence is the clinical suspicion of CP raised. No gold-standard management approach exists, especially in terms of managing diaphragmatic involvement.

The Obstetrician Gynecologist's role in the screening of infants at risk of severe plagiocephaly: Prevalence and risk factors.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, maternal and/or neonatal risk factors for severe plagiocephaly in order to early detect and refer infants at risk. A prospective observational study was conducted, involving 4337 infants who visited the Perinatology Center at San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital in Rome, evaluated following the Plagiocephaly Severity Scale of Atlanta. ©The plagiocephaly prevalence resulted 1.

Surgical results of non-small cell lung cancer involving the heart and great vessels.

Background: The surgical treatment of advanced non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) invading mediastinal organs and great vessels is still controversial. The aim of this multicentre study is to analyse oncological outcomes, surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with NSCLC involving heart and great vessels.

Methods: 362 patients treated surgically for locally advanced T4-NCSLC between 1990 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Totally thoracoscopic versus standard VATS lobectomies: perioperative differences.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery is considered the gold standard approach for early stage lung cancer. Techniques range from a standard three-port approach to uniportal lobectomies, with no technique emerging as superior thus far. We retrospectively compared the pain outcomes of a standard approach using a utility incision with a totally thoracoscopic technique.

Dissecting Tumor Growth: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Drug Resistance and Recurrence.

Emerging evidence suggests that a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for initiation, progression, and metastasis cascade in tumors. CSCs share characteristics with normal stem cells, i.e.

A radiomics model combined with XGBoost may improve the accuracy of distinguishing between mediastinal cysts and tumors: a multicenter validation analysis.

Background: Mediastinal cysts (MCs) can be misdiagnosed as mediastinal tumors (MTs) such as thymomas on the basis of radiological examinations, including computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our study aimed to determine the utility of a radiomics model combined with eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for diagnosing anterior mediastinal masses.

Methods: Patients with anterior mediastinal lesions admitted to Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between October 2014 and January 2018 were enrolled in the study.

A comparative study on the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus between children of North African migrants and Italian children in Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.

Unlabelled: In the last few decades, many studies have reported an increasing global incidence of type 1 diabetes. Studies on migrant populations have underlined the importance of both environmental and genetic factors.

Aims: Evaluate the incidence of type 1 diabetes in North African vs Italian children aged 0-14 years from 1 January 2015, to 31st December 2018, in Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.