Ambient air pollution and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a global study between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Emerging research found air pollution may be associated with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. However, few studies have examined these associations at the global scale. This study aimed to assess the dynamic associations between ambient air pollution and the burden of AD and other dementias worldwide.

Identifying mechanisms that shape the food environment in long-term healthcare facilities in the Netherlands: a participatory system dynamics approach.

Background: Creating healthy and sustainable food environments within long-term healthcare facilities asks for a systemic approach. This study aimed to: (1) identify system dynamics underlying the food environment of long-term healthcare facilities, (2) formulate actions for changing the system to promote a healthy and sustainable food environment and (3) evaluate stakeholder perspectives about the process and progress towards action implementation up to one-year follow-up.

Methods: A group model building (GMB) approach was used during two workshops with stakeholders of five different long-term healthcare facilities in the Netherlands.

Work-related grief and bereavement experiences of social and community service workers working with people experiencing social disadvantage: a rapid scoping review.

Background: While an extensive body of research in palliative care exists on the experiences of grief and bereavement among family caregivers, much of this research is based on normative assumptions of who family caregivers are - housed, financially stable, and with extended family and/or friends to draw on for support. Research shows that in contexts of social disadvantage(e.g.

The association between 24-h movement behaviours and adiposity among Australian preschoolers: a compositional data analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between 24-h movement behaviours (i.e. sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) and adiposity in preschoolers remains unclear.

AI-based analysis of fetal growth restriction in a prospective obstetric cohort quantifies compound risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and identifies previously unrecognized high risk clinical scenarios.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading risk factor for stillbirth, yet the diagnosis of FGR confers considerable prognostic uncertainty, as most infants with FGR do not experience any morbidity. Our objective was to use data from a large, deeply phenotyped observational obstetric cohort to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), a type of "explainable artificial intelligence (AI)", as a potential framework to better understand how interrelated variables contribute to perinatal morbidity risk in FGR.

Methods: Using data from 9,558 pregnancies delivered at ≥ 20 weeks with available outcome data, we derived and validated a PGM using randomly selected sub-cohorts of 80% (n = 7645) and 20% (n = 1,912), respectively, to discriminate cases of FGR resulting in composite perinatal morbidity from those that did not.

Methodological considerations for estimating indirect costs in children and adolescents with chronic conditions: a scoping review.

Background: In children and adolescents, the prevalence of chronic diseases, e.g., obesity, asthma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has increased in the last decades.

Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Background: The present research work was done to evaluate the anatomical differences among selected species of the family Bignoniaceae, as limited anatomical data is available for this family in Pakistan. Bignoniaceae is a remarkable family for its various medicinal properties and anatomical characterization is an important feature for the identification and classification of plants.

Methodology: In this study, several anatomical structures were examined, including stomata type and shape, leaf epidermis shape, epidermal cell size, and the presence or absence of trichomes and crystals (e.

Sodium butyrate regulates macrophage polarization by TGR5/β-arrestin2 in vitro.

Background: Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). We will explore the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on macrophage function.

Methods: The targets of butyric acid were identified using SwissTargetPrediction database and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

Spatiotemporal glacier retreat on the Tibetan Plateau since the LGM to early holocene based on compilation of moraine boulder ages.

Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains (TPSM) have experienced prominent glacier retreat since the Global Last Glacial Maximum, while the detailed deglaciation process remains unclear. To investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of the glacier retreat history, we compiled 196 moraines dating from 26.5 to 10 ka based on 994 boulder Be exposure age from seven regions on the TPSM and calculated the separated component Gaussians of moraine ages.

Increased plasma DOPA decarboxylase levels in Lewy body disorders are driven by dopaminergic treatment.

DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) has been proposed as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker with increased concentrations in Lewy body disorders (LBDs) and highest levels in patients receiving dopaminergic treatment. Here we evaluate plasma DDC, measured by proximity extension assay, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment in three independent LBD (with a focus on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) cohorts: an autopsy-confirmed cohort (n = 71), a large multicenter, cross-dementia cohort (n = 1498) and a longitudinal cohort with detailed treatment information (n = 66, median follow-up time[IQR] = 4[4, 4] years). Plasma DDC was not altered between different LBDs and other disease groups or controls in absence of treatment.

Engaging Patients in Discussions About Medication Deprescribing.

Background: Deprescribing, intentional medication discontinuation or dose reduction, can reduce potentially inappropriate medication use and medication-related harms. Engaging patients in deprescribing discussions may increase likelihood of deprescribing and promote shared decision-making.

Objective: To examine the impact of patient-directed educational brochures on patient engagement and deprescribing discussions with primary care providers (PCPs).

Non-clinical Psychosocial Mental Health Support Programmes for People with Diverse Language and Cultural Backgrounds: A Critical Rapid Review.

Low accessibility to mainstream psychosocial services disadvantages culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations, resulting in delayed care and high rates of unsupported psychological distress. Non-clinical interventions may play an important role in improving accessibility to psychosocial support, but what characterises best practice in this space remains unclear. This critical rapid review addressed this gap by searching for, and critically analysing, existing research on non-clinical psychosocial support services, drawing from a critical realist framework and Brossard and Chandler's (Brossard and Chandler, Explaining mental illness: Sociological perspectives, Bristol University Press, 2022) taxonomy of positions on culture and mental health.

Forensic identification of fatal mushroom poisoning: a case report.

Mushroom poisoning incidents happen infrequently, yet owing to the non-lethal nature of most toxins and the efficacy of timely treatment, fatalities from mushroom poisoning are uncommon, leading to a scarcity of pertinent clinical and pathological data. Here, we reported a case of death caused by the consumption of raw mushrooms, alongside detailed clinical data and multi-organs pathological alterations, which underscored its potential significant reference value in forensic practice. Futhermore, ibotenic acid, a type of mushroom toxin, was detected both in the patient's blood and gastric lavage fluid about 19 h after the consumption of mushrooms, and was successfully quantified at concentrations of 0.

Fairness in Low Birthweight Predictive Models: Implications of Excluding Race/Ethnicity.

Context: To evaluate algorithmic fairness in low birthweight predictive models.

Study Design: This study analyzed insurance claims (n = 9,990,990; 2013-2021) linked with birth certificates (n = 173,035; 2014-2021) from the Arkansas All Payers Claims Database (APCD).

Methods: Low birthweight (< 2500 g) predictive models included four approaches (logistic, elastic net, linear discriminate analysis, and gradient boosting machines [GMB]) with and without racial/ethnic information.

Melatonin modulation of the chronic dexamethasone-induced adrenal insufficiency.

Purpose: Chronic exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids/GCs, widely in use to treat many diseases, may compromise the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/HPA axis leading to a condition of adrenal insufficiency/AI. This study demonstrates the efficacy of the melatonin/MEL in amelioration of chronic dexamethasone (DEX)-induced AI.

Methods: Mice (Parkes Strain/Male/8 weeks old/30-33 g) were maintained in four groups (10 mice/group) for 30 days: Group 1/Control received intraperitoneal (i.

The hype around ctDNA guiding an informed perioperative therapeutic strategy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a dire disease being the first cause of cancer death among both genders. Early-stage NSCLC often has better treatment outcomes despite it being a highly heterogeneous disease. So far, the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy strategies have led to a small benefit with an improvement of 5% in overall survival as an absolute benefit.

Liraglutide and denatonium benzoate attenuate T2DM-induced metabolic, neurological, and testicular changes in rats: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and BCRP transporter.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adversely affects various organs, including the brain and its blood barrier. In addition to the brain, hyperglycemia damages the testes. The testes possess blood-tissue barriers that share common characteristics and proteins with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP).

Hallmark discoveries in the biology of non-Wilms tumour childhood kidney cancers.

Approximately 20% of paediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with renal tumours are diagnosed with non-Wilms tumour, a broad heterogeneous group of tumours that includes clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney, renal-cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma and other rare histologies. The differential diagnosis of these tumours dates back many decades, when these pathologies were identified initially through clinicopathological observation of entities with outcomes that diverged from Wilms tumour, corroborated with immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics and, subsequently, through next-generation sequencing. These advances enabled near-definitive recognition of different tumours and risk stratification of patients.

Chemical- and photo-activation of protein-protein thiol-ene coupling for protein profiling.

The thiol-ene reaction between an alkene and a thiol can be exploited for selective labelling of cysteine residues in protein profiling applications. Here, we explore thiol-ene activation in systems from chemical models to complex cellular milieus, using UV, visible wavelength and redox initiators. Initial studies in chemical models required an oxygen-free environment for efficient coupling and showed very poor activation when using a redox initiator.

Flaky sputtered silicon MWCNTs core-shell structure as a freestanding binder-free electrode for lithium-ion battery.

Core-shell silicon/multiwall carbon nanotubes are one of the most promising anode candidates for further improvement of lithium-ion batteries. Sufficient accommodation for massive volume expansion of silicon during the lithiation process and preventing pulverization and delamination with easy fabrication processes are still critical issues for practical applications. In this study, core-shell silicon/MWCNTs anode materials were synthesized using a facile and controllable PECVD technique to realize aligned MWCNTs followed by a silicon sputtering step.

Confinement-induced Ni-based MOF formed on TiCT MXene support for enhanced capacitive deionization of chromium(VI).

MXenes, as a novel two-dimensional lamellar material, has attracted much attention. However, MXenes lamellar are prone to collapse and stacking under hydrogen bonding and interlayer van der Waals forces, which affects their electrochemical and capacitive deionization performance. A three-dimensional Ni-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate/TiCT (Ni-BTC/TiCT) composite electrode material was developed to enhance the electrochemical and capacitive deionization performance.

Unexpected species diversity in the understanding of selenium-containing soil invertebrates.

Yutangba, situated in Enshi City, Hubei Province, is globally noted for its high selenium (Se) content. Soil invertebrates are essential to the functionality and services of terrestrial ecosystems, yet their community composition in this region remains under-explored. This study utilized environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the interrelations among environmental factors, soil invertebrate diversity, and community characteristics concerning soil Se content, pH, and moisture content in the region.

Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss.

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research.