The Impact of Stone Composition on Treatment Strategies for Patients with Urolithiasis: A Narrative Review.

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial condition where stone composition is critical in guiding treatment and prevention strategies. Advanced diagnostic techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, provide precise stone analysis, enabling clinicians to tailor interventions based on specific stone types and associated metabolic abnormalities. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stones often require invasive approaches like percutaneous nephrolithotomy, while uric acid responds well to dissolution therapy.

Longitudinal Evaluation of Renal Function in Patients with Acquired Solitary Kidney-Urological Perspectives Post-Nephrectomy.

: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health challenge, affecting approximately 10% of the population. Patients with an acquired solitary kidney (ASK) from nephrectomy face elevated risks for CKD progression because of the increased functional demand on the remaining kidney. This study aims to identify risk factors for CKD progression in patients with a surgical ASK, highlighting the challenges faced by this population.

Pregnancy-Related Precancerous Cervical Lesions: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Evolution, and Impact upon Gestation and Fertility.

More common than cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a precursor lesion of cervical carcinoma, being associated with HPV infection. Due to the bidirectional relationship between HPV and estrogen and progesterone in pregnancy, most of the published data claim that precancerous lesions remain stable or even regress during pregnancy, although several studies have indicated the tendency of HSILs to persist. It is considered that pregnancy-related cervical precancerous lesions undergo a postpartum regression, due to stimulatory effects of the immune microenvironment.

Kidney Stones of Type I vs. Type II Diabetic Patients: Are There Any Differences?

: This study highlighted the differences between the biochemical compositions of urinary stones from patients with type 1 diabetes versus those with type 2 diabetes. : This study included patients diagnosed with kidney stones and diabetes who were referred to the Urological Clinic of the Dr. C.

Associations between Kidney Disease Progression and Metabolomic Profiling in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients-A 3 Year Follow-Up Prospective Study.

kidney transplant recipients are exposed to multiple pathogenic pathways that may alter short and long-term allograft survival. Metabolomic profiling is useful for detecting potential biomarkers of kidney disease with a predictive capacity. This field is still under development in kidney transplantation and metabolome analysis is faced with analytical challenges.

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Immunocompromised Patients.

The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major problem in terms of therapeutic options, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as patients from intensive care units (ICUs), HIV-positive patients, patients with malignancies or transplant patients. Commensal bacteria, especially anaerobes, serve to maintain microbial stability by preventing overpopulation with pathogenic bacteria. In immunocompromised patients, microbiota imbalance caused by antibiotic therapy and decreased host immunity favors intestinal overpopulation with pathogenic species, leading to increased bacterial translocation and susceptibility to systemic infections.

Comparative Approaches in Treating Double-J Stent Syndrome: Monotherapy or Combination Therapy?

: The application of double-J ureteral stents in urology is widespread, but their use is often accompanied by complications and bothersome symptoms, affecting patients' quality of life (QoL). While various medications have been tested for alleviating the symptoms associated with double-J stents, consensus on their effectiveness remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of tamsulosin, solifenacin, mirabegron, desloratadine, and combination therapy using a Romanian-adapted version of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ).

Emerging Strategies against Non-Typhoidal : From Pathogenesis to Treatment.

Even with the intensive efforts by public health programs to control and prevent it, non-typhoidal (NTS) infection remains an important public health challenge. It is responsible for approximately 150 million illnesses and 60,000 deaths worldwide annually. NTS infection poses significant risks with high rates of morbidity and mortality, leading to potential short- and long-term complications.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Alport Syndrome-A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Alport syndrome (AS) is a common and heterogeneous genetic kidney disease, that often leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study that included 36 adults with type IV collagen (COL4) mutations. Our main scope was to describe how genetic features influence renal survival.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Children under 5 Years Old-A Regional Seroepidemiological Study.

The aim of this research was to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection; the study was motivated by parental hesitancy regarding child vaccination, and the potential passive immunity of infants acquired through breastfeeding from mothers vaccinated against COVID-19 or infected with SARS-CoV-2. : We quantified the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer in the serum of 743 children under 5 years old, hospitalized between 1 August 2022, and 15 September 2023. : Among the participants, 52.

Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Liver Disease in Children.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multifaceted disorder predominantly investigated for its pulmonary manifestations, yet patients with CF also exhibit a spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations, notably those involving the hepatobiliary system. The latter constitutes the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with CF. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD), with an escalating prevalence, manifests diverse clinical presentations ranging from hepatomegaly to cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Significance of the Galectin-8 Immunohistochemical Profile in Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) still registers a high prevalence in female gynecological pathology. Given the aggressiveness of the tumor and the lack of response to conventional therapies, a current research interest is the identification of new prognostic markers. Gal-8, a member of the galectin family of molecules, involved in tumorigenesis, disease progression, and metastasis, has been assigned as a valuable tumor prognostic factor, and its inhibition may open new perspectives in cancer therapeutic management.

Galectin-8 Immunohistochemical Profile in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Emerging Evidence for Its Prognostic Role.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the most frequent pancreatic malignancy, with stromal and epithelial heterogeneity reflected in outcome variability. Therefore, a molecular classification is promoted based on the validation of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Galectin-8 (Gal8) has been pointed out as a prognostic factor for survival in several types of tumors.

Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Long COVID's Cardiovascular Injuries.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the biggest challenges of cardiovascular medicine. The significance of the RAS in the chronic progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences is one of the topics that are currently being mostly discussed. SARS-CoV-2 undermines the balance between beneficial and harmful RAS pathways.

Breast Sarcomas-How Different Are They from Breast Carcinomas? Clinical, Pathological, Imaging and Treatment Insights.

Breast sarcoma (BS) is a very rare and poorly studied condition. This has led to a lack of studies with a high level of evidence and to low efficacy of current clinical management protocols. Here we present our experience in treating this disease in the form of a retrospective case series study including discussion of clinical, imaging, and pathological features and treatment.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease.

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles involved in essential cellular functions, including cytosolic calcium regulation, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. They are the site of important biochemical pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, parts of the ureagenesis cycle, or haem synthesis. Mitochondria are responsible for the majority of cellular ATP production through OXPHOS.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia: A Focus on Hypertension.

Aging hemophiliacs face cardiovascular disease. Lots of evidence has been gathered that hemophiliacs have a more unfavorable cardiovascular profile than the general population does, especially due to the increased prevalence of hypertension (HTN). Among the existing scattered evidence, our study provides the most comprehensive and systematized analysis of the determinants of HTN in hemophiliacs.

Challenging management of coralliform kidney and ureteral stones.

Coralliform kidney stones represent a severe form of nephrolithiasis, posing significant challenges due to their size and associated complications, such as recurrent infections and renal impairment. We present the case of a 34-year-old female with chronic venous disease, anemia, and recurrent urinary tract infections, who was diagnosed with a right-sided coralliform renal calculus and a ureteral pelvic stone. The management included semi-rigid ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy for the ureteral stone, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the coralliform stone, and placement of a ureteral stent.

Metabolic alkalosis‑an adverse effect of baking soda misuse: A case report and literature review.

Baking soda overdose is rarely reported. However, several cases have been previously documented, as baking soda has gained popularity as an over-the-counter remedy. The present study reported the case of a 69-year-old male patient hospitalized with metabolic alkalosis (pH 7.

The association between coffee and caffeine consumption and renal function: insight from individual-level data, Mendelian randomization, and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The reported relationship between coffee intake and renal function is poorly understood. By applying two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and systematic review and meta-analysis we investigated the association of caffeine and coffee intake with prevalent CKD and markers of renal function.

Material And Methods: For the individual data analysis we analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data on renal function markers and caffeine intake.