'Real-life' approach to applying PK/PD principles in infectious diseases clinical practice without access to prompt TDM.

Introduction: Infectious disease treatments are transitioning from a one-size-fits-all approach to a more tailored approach. The increasing adoption of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antimicrobials is a clear example of this trend. Routine antimicrobial TDM in critically ill patients should be mandatory.

Associations Between Polymorphisms of Genes Related to Vitamin D Pathway and the Response to Vedolizumab and Ustekinumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

: Vitamin D (VD) has immunoregulatory properties, generating interest in its potential to influence therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other than affecting the expression of genes encoding enzymes and transporters involved in drug metabolism and transport. This study investigated VD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as predictors of clinical responses in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with vedolizumab (VDZ) or ustekinumab (UST) after 3 (T3) and 12 months (T12), as well as the achievement of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels < 250 mg/kg, a marker of mucosal healing. : In this prospective study, 103 patients (67 CD, 36 UC) were enrolled, 40 receiving VDZ and 63 receiving UST.

Development and Validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Candesartan and Bisoprolol Together with Other 16 Antihypertensive Drugs in Plasma Samples.

Antihypertensive pharmacological therapy is often characterized by a coadministration of different classes of drugs. Therefore, analytical methods allowing the simultaneous quantification of many drugs are needed for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) purposes in this context. In particular, TDM represents a useful tool to discriminate poor adherence from real cases of resistant hypertension.

Real-life reliability of plasma pTau181, Aβ/Aβ, and pTau181/Aβ measured by Lumipulse G600II in predicting cerebrospinal fluid amyloid status.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative dementia, with diagnosis traditionally reliant on clinical criteria. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers like pTau181 and Aβ/Aβ ratio significantly improve diagnostic accuracy but are invasive. Plasma biomarkers measured by automated assays offer a non-invasive alternative.

Long-term oritavancin therapy for shoulder prosthetic joint infection: A case guided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Oritavancin is a novel long-acting lipoglycopeptide with in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant (MR) Gram-positive pathogens and a good bactericidal activity even in presence of biofilm forming bacteria. It has been approved for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI), but recent reports have demonstrated possible off-label uses, as for prosthetic joint infections (PJI), which, in more than half of cases, are caused by MR Gram positive organisms. W reported a case of a man in his eighties with a late shoulder PJI caused by methicillin resistant (MRSE) with contraindications for surgical replacement and few oral therapeutic options for a long term suppressive antibiotic therapy.

Rifampin-like Red-brown Bronchial Secretions Staining in a Patient Treated with Cefiderocol.

Numerous drugs are known to alter the colour of human body fluids. Although drug-induced bronchial secretions staining is normally harmless, it may frighten the patient and could lead to unnecessary clinical inquiries. Cefiderocol is often removed renally as an unmodified drug; bronchial secretion staining has not been seen at doses used in clinical practice.

Symptom profile, case and symptom clustering, clinical and demographic characteristics of a multicentre cohort of 1297 patients evaluated for Long-COVID.

Background: Long-COVID symptoms remain incompletely defined due to a large heterogeneity in the populations studied, case definitions, and settings of care. The aim of this study was to assess, in patients accessing care for Long-COVID, the profile of symptoms reported, the possible clustering of symptoms and cases, the functional status compared to pre-infection, and the impact on working activity.

Methods: Multicentre cohort study with a collection of both retrospective and prospective data.

Invisible burden: Prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin American migrants in Turin, North-Western Italy - A STROBE compliant-cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Chagas disease (CD), or American trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted by triatomine bugs. Increased travels and migrations introduced CD to non-endemic regions, including Europe. In Italy, the disease has raised public attention mainly in northern regions, where Latin American migrant population is larger.

Neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation.

During antiretroviral therapy (ART), most people living with HIV-1 have undetectable HIV-1 RNA in their plasma. However, they occasionally present with new or progressive neurologic deficits and detectable HIV-1 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a condition defined as neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape (NSE). We explored the source of neuropathogenesis and HIV-1 RNA in the CSF during NSE by characterizing HIV-1 populations and inflammatory biomarkers in CSF from 25 individuals with NSE.

Central Nervous System Disorders with Auto-Antibodies in People Living with HIV.

People living with HIV (PLWH) may present atypical neurological complications. Recently, autoimmune manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS) have been described. We retrospectively described the features of PLWH presenting with acute neurological symptoms with positive anti-CNS antibodies.

Dual β-lactams for the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus: a review of the evidence and a call to act against an antibiotic nightmare.

Mycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), increasingly emerging as opportunistic pathogens. Current treatment options for these microorganisms are limited and associated with a high rate of treatment failure, toxicity and recurrence. In search of new therapeutic strategies, interest has grown in dual β-lactam (DBL) therapy, as research recently discovered that M.

Long-acting injectable antiretrovirals for HIV treatment in the ICONA cohort: physicians' and nurses' points of view.

Background: Implementation level of long-acting injectable agents cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LAI CAB/RPV) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in Italy is still not known. The aim of this study is to identify the status of implementation of LAI CAB-RPV and its barriers.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among infectious diseases (ID) physicians and nurses belonging to the ICONA network in Italy.

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment, ART Adherence and HIV Control: A 4-Year Observational Study.

We assessed whether symptomatic neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and asymptomatic NCI -of which the clinical relevance is debated- affect HIV control and the role of ART adherence in this relationship. Observational study on the relationship between NCI and viral control during the 2 years before and the 2 after the neurocognitive evaluation (NCE) of 322 PLWH on ART. Viral load (VL) was defined as undetectable, very low-level (VLLV), low-level (LLV), or high-level viremia (HLV), and classified overtime as persistent (p; ≥2 consecutive values in the same worst category), viral failure (VF; ≥1 HLV requiring ART changes), or optimal control.

A noma case report: A warning message from Northern Uganda.

Noma, or Cancrum oris, is a severe and rapidly progressing gangrenous infection that primarily affects the face. It is most commonly observed in children living in impoverished conditions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Rapid diagnosis and early management are crucial to prevent devastating consequences, such as functional limitations and serious psychological repercussions.

Studying the Changes in Physical Functioning and Oxidative Stress-Related Molecules in People Living with HIV after Switching from Triple to Dual Therapy.

Background: Physical activity could increase the production of oxidative stress biomarkers, affecting the metabolism and excretion of antiretroviral drugs and, consequently, the clinical outcome. Nowadays, people living with HIV (PLWH) are mostly switching from triple to dual therapy, but no data are available in terms of physical functioning and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate if some antioxidant biomarkers and physical functioning tests could be different according to triple or dual antiretroviral therapy.

Pharmacogenetics of tenofovir drug transporters in the context of HBV: Is there an impact?

Background: Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B management include orally administered nucleos(t)ide analogues, such as tenofovir (TDF), which is an acyclic adenine nucleotide analogue used both in HBV and human immune deficiency virus (HIV). The course of HBV infection is mainly dependent on viral factors, such as HBV genotypes, immunological features and host genetic variables, but a few data are available in the context of HBV, in particular for polymorphisms of genes encoding proteins involved in drug metabolism and elimination. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of genetic variants on TDF plasma and urine concentrations in patients with HBV, considering the role of HBV genotypes.