Resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition: Mechanisms and strategies to overcome a therapeutic problem in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, have been approved in combination with hormone therapy for the treatment of patients with HR+, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Despite their promising activity, approximately 10 % of patients have de novo resistance, while the rest of them will develop acquired resistance after 24-28 months when used as first-line therapy and after a shorter period when used as second-line therapy. Various mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors have been described, including cell cycle-related mechanisms, such as RB loss, p16 amplification, CDK6 or CDK4 amplification, and cyclin E-CDK2 amplification.

Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain after Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients represents a treatment challenge. Most studies investigating drugs against NP are conducted in patients suffering with diabetic neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia, while data are limited in cancer pain management. Additionally, regarding cancer therapy-related NP, most of the studies do not focus on HNC patients.

Investigation of Healthcare Professionals' Knowledge of Evidence-Based Clinical Practices for Preterm Neonatal Skin Care-A Pilot Study.

Neonatal skin care practices are considered crucial for a neonate's survival and are closely related to healthcare professionals' (HPs) knowledge and skills in delivering scientifically valid neonatal care interventions. In this descriptive cross-sectional pilot study, conducted in 2022, we aimed to assess HPs' basic theoretical knowledge of neonatal vernix caseosa, skin microbiota, and bathing as well as knowledge regarding evidence-based clinical practices (referred to as "clinical knowledge") for preterm neonatal skin care. Eligible participants were neonatologists, pediatricians, obstetricians, midwives and nurses working in the Greek setting.

Familial Aggregation of a Novel Missense Variant of Gene Associated with Short Extremities: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We present two cases of family members (first cousins) with short extremities caused by a novel variant of COL2A1 gene (NM_001844.5). Case 1 description: A 29-year-old woman presented in her first pregnancy for a second trimester anomaly scan at 23 weeks of gestation.

Associations between soft-drink consumption and lifestyle patterns in overweight and obese European adults: Feel4Diabetes Study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify lifestyle patterns that are characteristic of overweight and obese European adults in the context of educational level.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of dietary data from 1235 men and 10 343 women. Dietary intake, educational level, and physical activity were assessed using questionnaires.

Gestational Diabetes Melitus and Cord Blood Platelet Function Studied via the PFA-100 System.

Neonatal platelet hemostasis, although it has been well described over the recent years, remains elusive in specific patient populations, including neonates from high-risk pregnancies, such as those complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed at evaluating the platelet function of neonates born to mothers with GDM using the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100). Cord blood samples were drawn from each subject and tested with two different agonists to provide two closure time (CT) values (collagen with epinephrine (COL/EPI) and collagen with adenosine diphosphate (COL/ADP)).

Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women: The Possible Role of Heat Shock Protein 60 and Serum Androgens.

Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), a potentially homeostatic antigen, is involved in physiological and non-physiological conditions. Experimental data support the role of HSP60 in placental and mitochondrial steroidogenesis. Furthermore, HSP60 is translocated into the endothelial-cell plasma membrane and the extracellular space under stress conditions, promoting the atherosclerotic process.

NT-proBNP Concentrations in the Umbilical Cord and Serum of Term Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The detection of NT-proBNP levels both in umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples and in serum samples collected from healthy term neonates during the neonatal period. A systematic review of relevant literature in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. For quality appraisal, the potential risk of bias was assessed using the BIOCROSS evaluation tool.

Associations between Maternal and Offspring Hair Cortisol Concentrations and Child Behavioral Symptoms in Mother-Child Pairs with Perinatal Mental Disorders.

Maternal perinatal mental disorders (PMD) are associated with developmental and behavioral problems in children, probably mediated by the programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Increased cortisol concentrations during the antenatal and perinatal periods have been related to long-term effects on children's behavior and stress response. We aimed to investigate the association of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) between mothers, with (n = 16) and without PMD (n = 30), and their children, aged between 18 and 48 months.

The Risk Reduction Effect of a Nutritional Intervention With a Partially Hydrolyzed Whey-Based Formula on Cow's Milk Protein Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Infants Within the First 6 Months of Life: The Allergy Reduction Trial (A.R.T.), a Multicenter Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: The role of partially hydrolyzed formulas (pHF) as part of nutritional interventions to prevent the development of allergic manifestations (AM) is questioned, and efficacy of each specific pHF should be substantiated.

Objective: To investigate the risk-reduction effect of a whey-based pHF on the development of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants at high-risk for allergy within the first 6 months of life.

Materials And Methods: In a multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled setting, healthy non-exclusively breastfed full-term infants, received either a specific whey-based pHF or a standard cow's milk-based formula (SF) and were clinically assessed for AM at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, supported by the objective scoring tools SCORAD and CoMiSS.

Assessment of agreement between EXTEM and NATEM thromboelastometry measurement assays in critically ill neonates.

Objectives: To investigate the agreement between the EXTEM and NATEM measurements.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, EXTEM and NATEM analyses were performed on blood samples from 162 ill neonates, providing 324 paired measurements. The agreement between EXTEM and NATEM measurements was evaluated by the nonparametric spearman's rank correlation to assess the correlation between the paired measurements, by the Bland-Altman analysis for the graphical presentation of the agreement, and by the Deming regression model to assess the significance of the agreement.

Hobnail Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered to have an excellent prognosis, some recently identified more aggressive variants show reduced overall survival rates. Hobnail PTC (HPTC) was newly recognized as one of these aggressive forms, affecting recurrence, metastasis, and overall survival rates. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including cases or case series with patients with HPTC.

Vena cava balloon occlusion for pulmonary embolism prevention during resection of giant uterus fibroids.

We report the case of a single 46-year-old woman presenting with huge uterine fibroids growing for the last 12 years, resulting in a recent common iliac vein thrombosis. Due to the high risk for pulmonary embolism, an occluding balloon was inserted through the right jugular vein before the abdominal incision and occluded the vena cava just inferior to the renal veins. The tumor was easily mobilized, and the vena cava bifurcation was exposed and controlled until the uterus with the masses was resected.

Adrenal insufficiency and pregnancy.

Introduction: Adrenal insufficiency is a disorder characterized by the failure of adrenocortical function because of distorted function of hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. Pregnancy is a state of a physiological glucocorticoid excess as the HPA axis is functioning at a higher level.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of the present review was to shed light on current evidence of adrenal insufficiency management during pregnancy, along with maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The role of maternal physical activity on in vitro fertilization outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review is designed to summarize the evidence concerning the impact of maternal physical activity on the reproductive outcomes following assisted reproduction techniques (ART), namely in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Methods: We searched for eligible studies on PubMed, EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Library from their inception until September 2021. Our primary outcomes were live birth rate and miscarriage, while secondary ones included clinical pregnancy and implantation rates.

Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis.

Vaccination is a major tool for mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and mRNA vaccines are central to the ongoing vaccination campaign that is undoubtedly saving thousands of lives. However, adverse effects (AEs) following vaccination have been noted which may relate to a proinflammatory action of the lipid nanoparticles used or the delivered mRNA (i.e.

Menopausal hormone therapy in women with dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The cessation of ovarian function is associated with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may contribute to the augmented cardiovascular risk observed in postmenopausal women. After ovarian function stops, circulating triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations increase, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein (Lp(a)) remain essentially unchanged. Similarly, the rates of NAFLD, possibly including the advanced forms of the disease (e.

Authors Reply: Regarding "Stress Management and in Vitro Fertilization (IVF): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial".

Komiya et al recently sent a letter to the editor1 raising issues of reliability and validity of our study "Stress Management and in Vitro Fertilization (IVF): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial".2 Their comments focused on the default of the registration, the absence of any mention of case dropout, the ambiguity in the details of IVF treatment and the lack of specific figures on the background of the participants. However, the principles of CONSORT 2010 cannot be applied to Pilot Randomized and Feasibility Trials, only to Randomized Trials (RTs) or Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs).

Uncontrolled Thyroid during Pregnancy Alters the Circulative and Exerted Metabolome.

Normal levels of thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for a normal pregnancy outcome, fetal growth and the normal function of the central nervous system. Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder during pregnancy, is a significant metabolic factor leading to cognitive impairments. It is essential to investigate whether patients with thyroid dysfunction may present an altered circulative and excreted metabolic profile, even after receiving treatment with thyroxine supplements.

Dextro-Transposition of Great Arteries and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.

Background: Arterial switch operation (ASO) is the gold-standard surgical approach for dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA). It is performed during the neonatal period and has almost diminished the previously high mortality rate (from 90% if left untreated to <0.5%).

Fresh frozen plasma transfusion in the neonatal population: A systematic review.

Although fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions are common practice in neonatology, robust evidence on their use is lacking. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for data on the practice of FFP transfusions in neonates and their association with neonatal morbidity and mortality. The authors identified 40 studies, which met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Determinants of venous return in steady-state physiology and asphyxia-induced circulatory shock and arrest: an experimental study.

Background: Mean circulatory filling pressure (Pmcf) provides information on stressed volume and is crucial for maintaining venous return. This study investigated the Pmcf and other determinants of venous return in dysrhythmic and asphyxial circulatory shock and arrest.

Methods: Twenty Landrace/Large-White piglets were allocated into two groups of 10 animals each.

Common Malignancies During Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review.

Malignant disease complicates pregnancy in up to 1 per 1,000-2,000 cases. Pregnancy itself does not constitute a predisposing factor for malignancy. Management and treatment of patients suffering from a malignancy during pregnancy still represents a challenge in everyday clinical practice.